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Phân bố địa lý của các chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ clo và các thông số sinh sản ở cá mòng biển trên Hồ Superior năm 1983
Tóm tắt
Như một phần của Kế hoạch Giám sát Quốc tế về Hồ Lớn, từ năm 1978 đến 1983, mức độ ô nhiễm trong trứng và sản lượng sinh sản đã được xác định cho các thuộc địa cá mòng biển trên Hồ Superior vào năm 1983. Kể từ năm 1974, cá mòng biển đã được sử dụng rộng rãi ở các hồ lớn như một công cụ theo dõi không gian và thời gian về mức độ ô nhiễm hữu cơ clo (OC) và các tác động sinh học liên quan. Hầu hết các quả trứng chứa một loạt các chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ clo, các hợp chất chính bao gồm DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, hexachlorobenzene và mirex. Mức độ mười loại OC bổ sung và năm đồng phân polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) cũng đã được xác định cho một số địa điểm. Tổng thể, mức độ ô nhiễm thay đổi đáng kể giữa các thuộc địa, nhưng không có mối quan hệ rõ ràng nào với sự phân bố không gian của các chất ô nhiễm trong trầm tích hoặc các loài cá. Mức độ OC trong trứng đã giảm tới 84% kể từ năm 1974. Vỏ trứng chỉ mỏng hơn 8% so với trước khi giới thiệu DDT, và sự mỏng vỏ không phải là nguyên nhân của sự thất bại trong sinh sản. Sản lượng sinh sản trung bình dao động từ 0,15 đến 1,57 con non cho mỗi tổ có vẻ đã có người ở vào năm 1983: tại 56% các thuộc địa, giá trị này dưới mức cần thiết để duy trì quần thể ổn định. Nguyên nhân chính của sự thất bại là sự biến mất của trứng và hiện tượng ăn thịt đồng loại giữa các con non. Dù vậy, quần thể dường như đã tăng trưởng khoảng 4% mỗi năm. Sự sụt giảm nguồn thức ăn cá vào đầu những năm 1980 là lý do có khả năng nhất cho sản lượng sinh sản kém vào năm 1983.
Từ khóa
#Hồ Superior #cá mòng biển #ô nhiễm hữu cơ clo #mức độ sinh sản #trứng #quần thểTài liệu tham khảo
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