Geodynamics of progressive growth of arcuate fold-and-thrust belts: Insights from numerical modeling of the NE margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Journal of Structural Geology - Tập 175 - Trang 104939 - 2023
Qizhi Chen1,2, Caibo Hu1,2, Felipe Orellana-Rovirosa3, Kai-Jun Zhang1,2, Longshou Zhou4, Huai Zhang1,2, Yaolin Shi1,2
1College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
2The Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
3Ocean Science and Engineering Department, Southern China University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
4National Institute of Natural Hazards, Beijing, 100085, PR China

Tài liệu tham khảo

2016 Burchfiel, 1991, Geology of the Haiyuan fault zone, ningxia‐hui autonomous region, China, and its relation to the evolution of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, Tectonics, 10, 1091, 10.1029/90TC02685 Buiter, 2012, A review of brittle compressional wedge models, Tectonophysics, 530–531, 1, 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.018 Buiter, 2016, Benchmarking numerical models of brittle thrust wedges, J. Struct. Geol., 92, 140, 10.1016/j.jsg.2016.03.003 Chai, 1998, Quaternary structure feature in forward area of tianjingshan fault zone and its contributing factor analysis, Earthq. Res. China, 14, 150 Chen, 2022, Numerical constraints on folding and thrusting in jiudong basin: implication for the northeastward growth of Qinghai–Tibetan plateau, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 10.3389/feart.2021.778905 Chen, 1977, Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2945, 10.1029/JB082i020p02945 Collettini, 2019, Beyond Byerlee friction, weak faults and implications for slip behavior, Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 519, 245, 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.05.011 Dahlen, 1990, Critical taper model of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci., 18, 55, 10.1146/annurev.ea.18.050190.000415 Dahlen, 1984, Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges: cohesive Coulomb Theory, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 100087 Davis, 1983, Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1153, 10.1029/JB088iB02p01153 Deng, 2022, A synthesis of geophysical data in southeastern north China Craton: implications for the formation of the arcuate xuhuai thrust belt, J. Earth Sci., 1 Deng, 1986, Variations in the geometry and amount of slip on the Haiyuan (Nanxihaushan) fault zone, China and the surface rupture of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake, Earthquake Source Mechanics, 37, 169 Deng, 1984, Active faulting and tectonics of the ningxia‐hui autonomous region, China, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 89, 4427, 10.1029/JB089iB06p04427 1995 1999 Ding, 1991 Drucker, 1952, Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design, Q. Appl. Math., 10, 157, 10.1090/qam/48291 Duan, 2018, Estimation of dip angle of Haiyuan faults based on seismic data, Chin. J. Geophys., 61, 3713 Fan, 2004, Geometric form of Haiyuan fault zone in the crustal interior and dynamics implications, Acta Seismologica Sinica, 17, 43, 10.1007/s11589-004-0065-6 Gao, 2013, Tectonic development of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau as constrained by high-resolution deep seismic-reflection data, Lithosphere, 5, 555, 10.1130/L293.1 Guo, 2019, Crustal structure beneath the Qilian Orogen Zone from multiscale seismic tomography, Earth and Planetary Physics, 3, 232, 10.26464/epp2019025 Granado, 2019, Numerical modelling of inversion tectonics in fold-and-thrust belts, Tectonophysics, 763, 14, 10.1016/j.tecto.2019.04.033 Guo, 2015, Crustal architecture beneath the Tibet‐Ordos transition zone, NE Tibet, and the implications for plateau expansion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 10.1002/2015GL066668 Huang, 2018, Deep crustal structure beneath the junction of the Qilian Shan and Jiuxi Basin in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications, Chin. J. Geophys., 61, 3640 Huang, 2020, Shortening of lower crust beneath the NE Tibetan Plateau, J. Asian Earth Sci., 198, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104313 1990, (Institute of geology, China earthquake administration, Ningxia bureau of China earthquake administration) Jiang, 2001, Recent horizontal movement and deformation in the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Block, Chin. J. Geophys., 44, 636, 10.1002/cjg2.182 Lei, 2016, Dextral strike-slip of Sanguankou-Niushoushan fault zone and extension of arc tectonic belt in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau, Sci. China Earth Sci., 59, 1025, 10.1007/s11430-016-5272-1 Li, 2009, A 3-D viscoelastoplastic model for simulating long-term slip on non-planar faults, Geophys. J. Int., 176, 293, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03962.x Li, 2002, A preliminary study on crustal velocity structures of maqin‐lanzhou‐jingbian deep seismic sounding profile, Chin. J. Geophys., 45, 209, 10.1002/cjg2.233 Li, 2013, Chronology and tectonic significance of cenozoic faults in the liupanshan arcuate tectonic belt at the northeastern margin of the qinghai–tibet plateau, J. Asian Earth Sci., 73, 103, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.026 Liu, 2006, Crustal structure of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan-Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin, Tectonophysics, 420, 253, 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.01.025 Li, 2017, Paleoseismology and slip rate of the western Tianjingshan fault of NE Tibet, China, J. Asian Earth Sci., 146, 304, 10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.04.031 Liu‐Zeng, 2015, Variability in magnitude of paleoearthquakes revealed by trenching and historical records, along the Haiyuan Fault, China, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 120, 8304, 10.1002/2015JB012163 Liu-Zeng, 2007, Millennial recurrence of large earthquakes on the Haiyuan fault near songshan, gansu province, China, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 97, 14, 10.1785/0120050118 Marshak, 2004, Salients, recesses, arcs, oroclines, and syntaxes—a review of ideas concerning the formation of map-view curves in fold-thrust belts, vol. 82, 131 Marone, 1998, Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci., 26, 643, 10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.643 Macedo, 1999, Controls on the geometry of fold-thrust belt salient, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 111, 1808, 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1808:COTGOF>2.3.CO;2 Ou, 2020, Magnitude of the 1920 haiyuan earthquake reestimated using seismological and geomorphological methods, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 125, 10.1029/2019JB019244 Panian, 2004, Ramp initiation in a thrust wedge, Nature, 427, 624, 10.1038/nature02334 Panian, 2007, Ramp initiation and spacing in a homogeneous thrust wedge, J. Geophys. Res., 112 Pei, 2021, Formation mechanism of arcuate tectonic structures around northeast Tibetan plateau: insight from 3‐D numerical modeling, Terra. Nova, 33, 345, 10.1111/ter.12519 Peltzer, 1988, Formation and evolution of strike-slip faults, rifts, and basins during the India-Asia Collision: an experimental approach, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 93, 15085, 10.1029/JB093iB12p15085 Ren, 2016, Clustering of offsets on the Haiyuan fault and their relationship to paleoearthquakes, Bulletin, 128, 3 Rudnicki, 1975, Conditions for the localization of deformation in pressure-sensitive dilatant materials, J. Mech. Phys. Solid., 23, 371, 10.1016/0022-5096(75)90001-0 Ruh, 2013, High-resolution 3D numerical modeling of thrust wedges, G-cubed, 4, 1155 Ruh, 2012, Numerical investigation of deformation mechanics in fold-and-thrust belts: influence of rheology of single and multiple décollements, Tectonics, 31, TC3005, 10.1029/2011TC003047 1980 Sun, 2021, Structure-controlled asperities of the 1920 Haiyuan M8. 5 and 1927 Gulang M8 earthquakes, NE Tibet, China, revealed by high-resolution seismic tomography, Sci. Rep., 11, 1 Tapponnier, 1990, Active thrusting and folding in the Qilian Shan, and decoupling between upper crust and mantle in northeastern Tibet, Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 97, 382, 10.1016/0012-821X(90)90053-Z Tapponnier, 2001, Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau, Science, 294, 1671, 10.1126/science.105978 Tapponnier, 2001, Long-term slip rates and characteristic slip: keys to active fault behaviour and earthquake hazard, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. - Ser. IIA Earth Planet. Sci., 333, 483 Tian, 2021, Crustal-scale wedge tectonics at the narrow boundary between the Tibetan Plateau and Ordos block, Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 554, 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116700 Wang, 2012, Deep structure geometry features of Haiyuan Fault and deformation of the crust revealed by deep seismic reflection profiling, Chin. J. Geophys., 55, 3902 Wang, 2018, Crustal P-wave velocity structure in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and insights into crustal deformation, Sci. China Earth Sci., 61, 1221, 10.1007/s11430-017-9227-7 Wang, 2020, Deep structure of the gravity field and dynamic characteristics of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Chin. J. Geophys., 63, 988 Wang, 2012, Tertiary basin evolution along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: evidence for basin formation during Oligocene transtension, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 125, 377 Wessel, 2019, The generic mapping Tools version 6, G-cubed, 20, 5556 Xia, 2019, Crust and uppermost mantle electrical structure beneath Qilianshan Orogenic Belt and Alxa block in northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Chin. J. Geophys., 62, 950 Xia, 2021, Velocity structures of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the northeastern margin of Tibetan plateau revealed by double-difference tomography, Chin. J. Geophys., 64, 3194 Xin, 2020, Crustal fine velocity structure of the Haiyuan arcuate tectonic zone from double-difference tomography, Chin. J. Geophys., 63, 897 Xu, 2019, Dynamic rupture simulations of the 1920 Ms 8.5 haiyuan earthquake in China, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 109, 2009, 10.1785/0120190061 Ye, 2015, Seismic evidence for the North China plate underthrusting beneath northeastern Tibet and its implications for plateau growth, Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 426, 109, 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.024 Yuan, 2013, The growth of northeastern Tibet and its relevance to large‐scale continental geodynamics: a review of recent studies, Tectonics, 32, 1358, 10.1002/tect.20081 Yuan, 2004, Geometrical imagery and tectonic transformation of late Quaternary active tectonics in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Acta Geological Sinica-Chinese Edition-, 78, 278 Zeng, 2018, Mid-Permian rifting in central China: record of geochronology, geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes of bimodal magmatism on NE Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, Gondwana Res., 57, 77, 10.1016/j.gr.2017.12.013 Zhang, 2005, Boundaries between active‐tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in China mainland, Chin. J. Geophys., 48, 662, 10.1002/cjg2.699 Zhang, 2015, Crustal Swave velocity beneath the northeastern Tibetan plateau inferred from teleseismic Pwave receiver functions, Chin. J. Geophys., 58, 3982 Zhang, 1997, North and South China collision along the eastern and southern North China margins, Tectonophysics, 270, 145, 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00208-9 Zhang, 2012, Destruction of the North China Craton: lithosphere folding-induced removal of lithospheric mantle?, J. Geodyn., 53, 8, 10.1016/j.jog.2011.07.005 Zhang, 2006, Discussion on late Cenozoic growth and rise of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Quat. Sci., 26, 5 Zhang, 2004, Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data, Geology, 32, 10.1130/G20554.1 Zhang, 1991, Amount and style of late cenozoic deformation in the liupan Shan area, Ningxia autonomous region, China, Tectonics, 10, 1111, 10.1029/90TC02686 Zhang, 1988, Bounds on the average recurrence interval of major earthquakes along the Haiyuan fault in north-central China, Seismol Res. Lett., 59, 81, 10.1785/gssrl.59.3.81 Zhang, 1995, Geological disasters in loess areas during the 1920 Haiyuan Earthquake, China, Geojournal, 36, 269, 10.1007/BF00813183 Zhang, 2013, Crustal structure across northeastern Tibet from wide-angle seismic profiling: constraints on the Caledonian Qilian orogeny and its reactivation, Tectonophysics, 606, 140, 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.02.040 Zhao, 2005, Relation between electricity structure of the crust and deformation of crustal blocks on the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sci. China Earth Sci., 48, 1613, 10.1360/02yd0047 Zheng, 2013, Transformation of displacement between strike-slip and crustal shortening in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: evidence from decadal GPS measurements and late Quaternary slip rates on faults, Tectonophysics, 584, 267, 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.006 Zheng, 2016, Tectonic geometry and kinematic dissipation of the active faults in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and their implications for understanding northeastward growth of the plateau, Quat. Sci., 36, 775 Zhuang, 2018, Distribution and characteristics of loess landslides triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan Earthquake, Northwest of China, Geomorphology, 314, 1, 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.04.012