Geodynamics, geophysical and geochemical observations, and the role of CO2 degassing in the Apennines

Agricola, 1556 Amoroso, 2014, Seismic imaging of a fluid storage in the actively extending Apennine mountain belt, southern Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 3802, 10.1002/2014GL060070 Amoroso, 2017, From velocity and attenuation tomography to rock physical modeling: Inferences on fluid-driven earthquake processes at the Irpinia fault system in southern Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 6752, 10.1002/2016GL072346 Anzidei, 2001, Insights into present-day crustal motion in the Central Mediterranean area from GPS surveys, Geophys. J. Int., 146, 98, 10.1046/j.0956-540x.2001.01425.x Apollaro, 2020, Fluid geochemistry in a low-enthalpy geothermal field along a sector of southern Apennines chain Italy, J. Geochem. Explor., 219, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106618 Ascione, 2018, Assessing mantle versus crustal sources for non-volcanic degassing along fault zones in the actively extending Southern Apennines mountain belt (Italy), GSA Bull., 130, 9, 10.1130/B31869.1 Auger, 2001, Seismic evidence of an extended magmatic sill under MtVesuvius, Science, 294, 1510, 10.1126/science.1064893 Avanzinelli, 2018, Carbon fluxes from subducted carbonates revealed by uranium excess at Mount VesuviusItaly, Geology, 46, 259, 10.1130/G39766.1 Bagagli, 2020, Local earthquake tomography of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field, Geothermics, 83, 10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.101731 Bally, 1986, Balanced sections and seismic reflection profiles across the central Apennines, Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 35, 257 Barchi, 2010, The Neogene-Quaternary evolution of the Northern Apennines: crustal structure, style of deformation and seismicity, 36, 1 Barchi, 2003, Line CROP 03: Northern Apennines Barchi, 2012, The Umbria-Marche Apennines as a double Orogen: observations and hypotheses, Ital. J. Geosci., 131, 258 Barnes, 1978, Global distribution of carbon dioxide discharges, and major zones of seismicity, 1 Beccaluva, 2002, Petrogenesis and evolution of Mt. Vulture alkaline volcanism (southern Italy), Mineral. Petrol., 74, 277, 10.1007/s007100200007 Bennett, 2012, Syn-convergent extension observed using the RETREAT GPS network, northern ApenninesItaly, J. Geophys. Res., 117, B04408, 10.1029/2011JB008744 Bonini, 2014, Three-dimensional segmentation and different rupture behavior during the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence (northern Italy), Tectonophysics, 630, 33, 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.05.006 Bräuer, 2003, Isotopic evidence (3He/4He,13CCO2) of fluid-triggered intraplate seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 10.1029/2002JB002077 Butler, 2004, Applying thick-skinned tectonic model to the Apennine thrust-belt of Italy: limitations and implications, 82, 647 Calderoni, 2009, A seismic sequence from Northern Apennines (Italy) provides new insight on the role of fluids in the active tectonics of accretionary wedges, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 281, 99, 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.015 Calderoni, 2015, Transient anomaly in fault zone-trapped waves during the preparatory phase of the 6 April 2009, Mw 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 1750, 10.1002/2015GL063176 Calò, 2012, Seismic velocity structures of southern Italy from tomographic imaging of the Ionian slab and petrological inferences, Geophys. J. Int., 191, 751, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05647.x Cambiotti, 2020, New insights into long-term aseismic deformation and regional strain rates from GNSS data inversion: the Case of the Pollino and Castrovillari Faults, Remote Sens., 12, 2921, 10.3390/rs12182921 Caracausi, 2013, Active degassing of mantle-derived fluid: a geochemical study along the Vulture line, southern Apennines (Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 253, 65, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.12.005 Caracausi, 2015, Mantle CO2 degassing at Mt. Vulture volcano (Italy): Relationship between CO2 outgassing of volcanoes and the time of their last eruption, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 411, 268, 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.11.049 Carafa, 2020, Partitioning the ongoing extension of the central Apennines (Italy): Fault slip rates and bulk deformation rates from geodetic and stress data, J. Geophys. Res., 125, 10.1029/2019JB018956 Carafa, 2017, Assessing the seismic coupling of shallow continental faults and its impact on seismic hazard estimates: a case-study from Italy, Geophys. J. Int., 209, 32 Carmignani, 1990, Crustal extension in the northern Apennines: the transition from compression to extension in the Alpi Apuane core complex, Tectonics, 9, 1275, 10.1029/TC009i006p01275 Carmignani, 1994, Tertiary extensional tectonics in Tuscany (Northern Apennines, Italy), Tectonophysics, 238, 295, 10.1016/0040-1951(94)90061-2 Casero, 1988, Neogene geodynamic evolution of the Southern Apennines, Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 41, 109 Cassinis, 2003, The deep crustal structure of Italy and surrounding areas from seismic refraction data; a new synthesis, Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. (Ital. J. Geosci.), 122, 365 Catalano, 2004, Neogene-Quaternary tectonic evolution of the southern Apennines, Tectonics, 23, TC2003, 10.1029/2003TC001512 Cataldi, 1995, Geothermal ranking of Italian Territory, Geothermies, 1, 115, 10.1016/0375-6505(94)00026-9 Cello, 1999, Apennine tectonics in Southern Italy: a review, J. Geodyn., 27, 191, 10.1016/S0264-3707(97)00072-0 Channell, 1979, Adria, the African Promontory, in Mesozoic Mediterranean paleogeography, Earth-Sci. Rev., 15, 213, 10.1016/0012-8252(79)90083-7 Chiarabba, 2005, A new view of italian seismicity using 20 years of instrumental recordings, Tectonophysics, 395, 251, 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.09.013 Chiarabba, 2016, The seismogenic thickness in Italy: constraints on potential magnitude and seismic hazard, Terra Nova, 28, 402, 10.1111/ter.12233 Chiarabba, 2017, Progressive migration of slab break-off along the southern Tyrrhenian plate boundary: Constraints for the present day kinematics, J. Geodyn., 105, 51, 10.1016/j.jog.2017.01.006 Chiarabba, 2018, Faults geometry and the role of fluids in the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 14, 10.1029/2018GL077485 Chiarabba, 2020, Mantle upwelling beneath the Apennines identified by receiver function imaging, Sci. Rep., 10, 19760, 10.1038/s41598-020-76515-2 Chiodini, 2000, Rate of diffuse carbon dioxide Earth degassing estimated from carbon balance of regional aquifers: the case of central ApennineItaly, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8423, 10.1029/1999JB900355 Chiodini, 2004, Carbon dioxide Earth degassing and seismogenesis in central and southern Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07615, 10.1029/2004GL019480 Chiodini, 2010, Non-volcanic CO2 Earth degassing: Case of Mefite d’Ansanto (southern Apennines)Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L11303, 10.1029/2010GL042858 Chiodini, 2011, Geochemical evidence for and characterization of CO2 rich gas sources in the epicentral area of the Abruzzo 2009 earthquakes, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 304, 389, 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.016 Chiodini, 2020, Correlation between tectonic CO2 Earth degassing and seismicity is revealed by a 10-year record in the Apennines,Italy, Sci. Adv., 6, 10.1126/sciadv.abc2938 Chiodini, 2021, The Carbon Dioxide Emission as Indicator of the Geothermal Heat Flow: Review of local and Regional applications with a special Focus on Italy, Energies, 14, 6590, 10.3390/en14206590 Ciotoli, 2014, Soil gas distribution in the maincoseismic surface rupture zone of the 1980, Ms= 6.9, Irpinia earthquake (southern Italy), J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 119, 2440, 10.1002/2013JB010508 Civile, 2010, The Pantelleria graben (Sicily Channel, Central Mediterranean): an example of intraplate ‘passive’ rift, Tectonophysics, 490, 173, 10.1016/j.tecto.2010.05.008 Cocco, 1993, The rupture process of the 1980 Irpinia, Italy, earthquake from the inversion of strong motion waveforms, Tectonophysics, 218, 157, 10.1016/0040-1951(93)90266-M Cosentino, 2010, Geology of the central Apennines: a regional review, 36 Cowie, 2017, Orogen-scale uplift in the central Italian Apennines drives episodic behaviour of earthquake faults, Sci. Rep., 7, 44858, 10.1038/srep44858 Cowie, 2013, Viscous roots of seismogenic faults revealed by geologic slip-rate variations, Nat. Geosci., 6, 1036, 10.1038/ngeo1991 D’Agostino, 2001, Interactions between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution and active normal faulting: an example from the central Apennines (Italy), Geophys. J. Int., 147, 475, 10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00539.x D’Agostino, 2008, Active tectonics of the Adriatic region from GPS and earthquake slip vectors, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B12413, 10.1029/2008JB005860 D’Agostino, 2009, Contemporary crustal extension in the Umbria-Marche Apennines from regional CGPS networks and comparison between geodetic and seismic deformation, Tectonophysics, 476, 3, 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.033 D’Agostino, 2014, Complete seismic release of tectonic strain and earthquake recurrence in the Apennines (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1155, 10.1002/2014GL059230 D’Auria, 2014, The stress field beneath a quiescent stratovolcano: the case of Mount Vesuvius, Geophys. Res. Lett., 119, 1181, 10.1002/2013JB010792 De Astis, 2006, Trace element and isotopic variations from Mt. Vulture to Campanian volcanoes: constraints for slab detachment and mantle inflow beneath southern Italy, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 151, 331, 10.1007/s00410-006-0062-y De Landro, 2022, Decade-long monitoring of seismic velocity changes at the Irpinia fault system (southern Italy) reveals pore pressure pulsations, Sci. Rep., 12, 1247, 10.1038/s41598-022-05365-x De Matteis, 2021, Pore fluid pressure imaging of the Mt. Pollino Region (Southern Italy) from earthquake focal mechanisms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, 10.1029/2021GL094552 Della Vedova, 2001, Deep temperatures and surface heat flow distribution, 65 Devoti, 2017, A combined velocity field of the Mediterranean Region, Ann. Geophys., 60, S0215, 10.4401/ag-7059 Dewey, 1989, Kinematics of the Western Mediterranean, 45, 265 Di Bucci, 2009, Marine palaeoseismology from very high resolution seismic imaging: the Gondola Fault Zone (Adriatic foreland), Terra Nova, 21, 393, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2009.00895.x Di Luccio, 2005, The 2002 Molise earthquake sequence: what can we learn about the tectonics of southern Italy?, Tectonophysics, 405, 141, 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.05.024 Di Luccio, 2005, Reactivation of deep faults beneath Southern Apennines: evidence from the 1990–1991 Potenza seismic sequences, Terra Nova, 17, 586, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2005.00653.x Di Luccio, 2010, Normal faults and thrusts reactivated by deep fluids: the 6 April 2009 Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake, Central Italy, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B06315, 10.1029/2009JB007190 Di Luccio, 2018, Seismic signature of active intrusions in mountain chains, Sci. Adv., 4, 10.1126/sciadv.1701825 Di Stefano, 2009, Shallow subduction beneath Italy: Three-dimensional images of the Adriatic-European-Tyrrhenian lithosphere system based on high-quality P wave arrival times, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 114, B05305, 10.1029/2008JB005641 Di Stefano, 2011, Three-dimensional Moho topography in Italy: New constraints from receiver functions and controlled source seismology, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 12, Q09006 Di Stefano, 2014, The lithosphere and asthenosphere system in Italy as inferred from the Vp and Vs 3D velocity model and Moho map, J. Geodyn., 82, 16, 10.1016/j.jog.2014.09.006 2021 Doglioni, 1991, A proposal for the kinematic modelling of W-dipping subductions; possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system, Terra Nova, 3, 423, 10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00172.x Esposito, 2020, Concurrent deformation processes in the Matese massif area (Central-Southern Apennines, Italy), Tectonophysics, 774, 228, 10.1016/j.tecto.2019.228234 Faccenna, 2001, History of subduction and back-arc extension in the Central Mediterranean, Geophys. J. Int., 145, 809, 10.1046/j.0956-540x.2001.01435.x Faccenna, 2005, Constraints on mantle circulation around the deforming Calabrian slab, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L06311, 10.1029/2004GL021874 Faccenna, 2014, Mantle dynamics in the Mediterranean, Rev. Geophys., 52, 283, 10.1002/2013RG000444 Fantoni, 2010, Tectono-sedimentary setting of the Po Plain and Adriatic foreland, Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei, 21, S197, 10.1007/s12210-010-0102-4 Ferranti, 2008, Active deformation in Southern Italy, Sicily and southern Sardinia from GPS velocities of the Peri-Tyrrhenian Geodetic Array (PTGA), Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. (Ital. J. Geosci.), 127, 299 Ferranti, 2014, Rates of geodetic deformation across active faults in southern Italy, Tectonophysics, 621, 101, 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.02.007 Ferri, 2005, 2009 Filice, 2019, The culmination of an oblique time-transgressive arc continent collision: The Pollino Massif between Calabria and the Southern Apennines, Italy, Tectonics, 38, 3261, 10.1029/2017TC004932 Filippucci, 2019, Relationship between depth of seismicity and heat flow: the case of the Gargano Area (Italy), Pure Appl. Geophys., 176, 2383, 10.1007/s00024-019-02107-5 Fischer, 2014, Intra-continental earthquake swarms in West-Bohemia and Vogtland: a review, Tectonophysics, 611, 1, 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.11.001 Frepoli, 2010, Seismicity, seismogenic structures, and crustal stress fields in the greater Rome area (central Italy), J. Geophys. Res., 115, B12303, 10.1029/2009JB006322 Frezzotti, 2009, Carbonate metasomatism and CO2 lithosphere–asthenosphere degassing beneath the Western Mediterranean: an integrated model arising from petrological and geophysical data, Chem. Geol., 262, 108, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.02.015 Galadini, 1999, Pleistocene changes in the central Apennine fault kinematics: a key to decipher active tectonics in Central Italy, Tectonics, 18, 877, 10.1029/1999TC900020 Galadini, 2000, Active tectonics in the central Apennines (Italy) - input data for seismic hazard assessment, Nat. Hazards, 22, 225, 10.1023/A:1008149531980 Galvani, 2012, The interseismic velocity field of the Central Apennine from a dense GPS network, Ann. Geophys., 55, 1039 Gattaceca, 2002, Paleomagnetism of Jurassic to Miocene sediments from the Apenninic carbonate platform (southernApennines, Italy): evidence for a 60° counterclockwise Miocene rotation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 201, 19, 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00686-6 Ghisetti, 2002, Normal faulting, transcrustal permeability and seismogenesis in the Apennines (Italy), Tectonophysics, 348, 155, 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00254-2 Giacomuzzi, 2011, Linking the Alps and Apennines subduction systems: New constraints revealed by high-resolution teleseismic tomography, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 301, 531, 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.033 Giacomuzzi, 2012, A 3D Vs model of the upper mantle beneath Italy: Insight on the geodynamics of Central Mediterranean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 335, 105, 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.004 Gischig, 2020, Hydraulic stimulation and fluid circulation experiments in underground laboratories: Stepping up the scale towards engineered geothermal systems, Geomech. Energy Environ., 24, 10.1016/j.gete.2019.100175 Giuliani, 2009, Active crustal extension and strain accumulation from GPS data in the Molise region (central southern Apennines, Italy), Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 50, 145 Goes, 2004, A recent reorganization in the south-Central Mediterranean, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 226, 335, 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.038 Gold, 1984, Fluid ascent through the solid lithosphere and its relation to earthquakes, Pure Appl. Geophys., 122, 492 Govoni, 2014, The 2012 Emilia seismic sequence (Northern Italy): imaging the thrust fault system by accurate aftershock location, Tectonophysics, 622, 44, 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.02.013 Grigoli, 2018, The November 2017 Mw5.5 Pohang earthquake: a possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea, Science, 360, 1003, 10.1126/science.aat2010 Gunatilake, 2022, Spatio-temporal complexity of aftershocks in the Apennines controlled by permeability dynamics and decarbonization, J. Geophys. Res., 127 (6), e2022JB024154 Hainzl, 2003, Self-organization of earthquake swarms, J. Geodyn., 35, 157, 10.1016/S0264-3707(02)00060-1 Healy, 1968, The Denver Earthquakes. Disposal of waste fluids by injection into a deep well has triggered earthquakes near Denver, Colorado, Science, 161, 1301, 10.1126/science.161.3848.1301 Herring, 2018 Herrmann, 2011, Regional moment tensors of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake sequence, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 101, 975, 10.1785/0120100184 Hubbert, 1959, Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of overthrust faulting: I. Mechanics of fluid-filled porous solids and its application to overthrust faulting, GSA Bull., 70, 115, 10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[115:ROFPIM]2.0.CO;2 Hunstad, 2003, Geodetic strain in peninsular Italy between 1875 and 2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1181, 10.1029/2002GL016447 Hurtig, 1991, Geothermal atlas of Europe Hyppolite, 1994, A major geodynamic change revealed by quaternary stress patterns in the Southern Apennines (Italy), Tectonophysics, 230, 199, 10.1016/0040-1951(94)90135-X Improta, 2014, New insights into crustal structure, Cenozoic magmatism, CO2 degassing, and seismogenesis in the southern Apennines and Irpinia region from local earthquake tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 8283, 10.1002/2013JB010890 Improta, 2017, Reservoir structure and wastewater-induced seismicity at the Val d'Agri Oilfield (Italy) shown by three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs local earthquake tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 9050, 10.1002/2017JB014725 Irwin, 1980, Tectonic relations of carbon dioxide discharges and earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res.: SolidEarth, 85, 3115, 10.1029/JB085iB06p03115 2007, 2022 Italiano, 2000, Geochemical evidence of melt intrusions along lithospheric faults of the Southern Apennines, Italy: Geodynamic and seismogenic implications, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 13569, 10.1029/2000JB900047 Jenny, 2006, Seismic potential of southern Italy, Tectonophysics, 415, 81, 10.1016/j.tecto.2005.12.003 Keranen, 2014, Sharp increase in Central Oklahoma seismicity since 2008 induced by massive wastewater injection, Science, 345, 448, 10.1126/science.1255802 Keranen, 2018, Induced Seismicity, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 46, 149, 10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010054 Lee, 2016, Massive and prolonged deep carbon emissions associated with continental rifting, Nat. Geosci., 9, 145, 10.1038/ngeo2622 Louvari, 2001, Fault-plane solutions determined by waveform modeling confirm tectonic collision in the eastern Adriatic, Pure Appl. Geophys., 158, 1613, 10.1007/PL00001236 Lucente, 1999, Tomographic constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the italian region, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 20307, 10.1029/1999JB900147 Lucente, 2010, Temporal variation of seismic velocity and anisotropy before the 2009 Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake, Italy, Geology, 38, 1015, 10.1130/G31463.1 Lupton, 1983, Terrestrial inert gases: Isotope tracer studies and clues to primordial components in the mantle, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 11, 371, 10.1146/annurev.ea.11.050183.002103 Magnoni, 2022, Adjoint Tomography of the Italian Lithosphere, Commun Earth Environ., 3, 69, 10.1038/s43247-022-00397-7 Malagnini, 2012, Control of pore fluid pressure diffusion on fault failure mode: Insights from the 2009 L'Aquila seismic sequence, Geophys. Res. Lett., 117, B05302, 10.1029/2011JB008911 Malinverno, 1986, Extension in the Tyrrhenian Sea and shortening in the Apennines as result of arc migration driven by sinking of the lithosphere, Tectonics, 5, 227, 10.1029/TC005i002p00227 Mangiacapra, 2008, The deep magmatic system of the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L21304, 10.1029/2008GL035550 Manu-Marfo, 2019, 3D shear wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the Tyrrhenian basin and margins, Sci. Rep., 9, 1 Marani, 2002, Thermal constriction and Tera faulting at the origin of a super-inflated spreading Centre: the Marsili volcano, Tyrrhenian Sea, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 107, 2188, 10.1029/2001JB000285 Mariucci, 2020, Database of italian present-day stress indicators, IPSI 1.4, Sci. Data, 7, 298, 10.1038/s41597-020-00640-w Marroni, 2010, Anatomy of the Ligure-Piemontese subduction system, Int. Geol. Rev., 52, 1160, 10.1080/00206810903545493 Martelli, 2004, Helium-strontium isotope constraints on mantle evolution beneath the Roman Comagmatic ProvinceItaly, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 224, 295, 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.025 Márton, 2003, Palaeomagnetic evidence for tertiary counterclockwise rotation of Adria, Tectonophysics, 377, 143, 10.1016/j.tecto.2003.08.022 Márton, 2008, The motion of Adria during the late Jurassic and cretaceous: New paleomagnetic results from stable Istria, Tectonophysics, 454, 44, 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.04.002 Massin, 2013, Repeating earthquakes in the Yellowstone volcanic field: Implications for rupture dynamics, ground deformation, and migration in earthquake swarms, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 257, 159, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.03.022 Mazzoli, 2008, Tectonic burial and ‘young’ (<10 Ma) exhumation in the southern Apennines fold and thrust belt (Italy), Geology, 36, 243, 10.1130/G24344A.1 McKinstry, 1948 Métois, 2015, Insights on continental collisional processes from GPS data: Dynamics of the peri-Adriatic belts, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 8701, 10.1002/2015JB012023 Milia, 2003, Tectonics and crustal structure of the Campania continental margin: relationships with volcanism, Mineral. Petrol., 79, 33, 10.1007/s00710-003-0005-5 Miller, 2004, Aftershocks driven by a high-pressure CO2 source at depth, Nature, 427, 724, 10.1038/nature02251 Miller, 2013, The role of fluids in tectonic and earthquake processes, Adv. Geophys., 54, 1, 10.1016/B978-0-12-380940-7.00001-9 Minissale, 2004, Origin, transport and discharge of CO2 in Central Italy, Earth-Sci. Rev., 66, 89, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.09.001 Minissale, 2019, Systematic review of geochemical data from thermal springs, gas vents and fumaroles of Southern Italy for geothermal favourability mapping, Earth-Sci. Rev., 188, 514, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.09.008 Molinari, 2011, EPcrust: a reference crustal model for the European Plate, Geophys. J. Int., 185, 352, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04940.x Molinari, 2015, Italian and Alpine three dimensional crustal structure imaged by ambient-noise surface-wave dispersion, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 16, 4405, 10.1002/2015GC006176 Molli, 2008, Northern Apennine-Corsica orogenic system: an updated overview, Geol. Soc. Lond., Spec. Publ., 298, 413, 10.1144/SP298.19 Mongelli, 1991, Geothermal regime of Italy and surrounding seas, 381, 10.1007/978-3-642-75582-8_18 Mousavi, 2015, Seismic tomography reveals a mid-crustal intrusive body, fluid pathways and their relation to the earthquake swarms in West Bohemia/Vogtland, Geophys. J. Int., 203, 1113, 10.1093/gji/ggv338 Napolitano, 2020, Scattering and absorption imaging of a highly fractured fluid-filled seismogenetic volume in a region of slow deformation, Geosci. Front., 11, 989, 10.1016/j.gsf.2019.09.014 Nicolosi, 2006, Ultrafast oceanic spreading of the Marsili basin, southern Tyrrhenian Sea: evidence from magnetic anomaly analysis, Geology, 34, 717, 10.1130/G22555.1 Palano, 2011, Strain and stress fields in the southern Apennines (Italy) constrained by geodetic, seismological and borehole data, Geophys. J. Int., 187, 1270, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05234.x Palano, 2020, Geopositioning time series from offshore platforms in the Adriatic Sea, Sci. Data, 7, 373, 10.1038/s41597-020-00705-w Patacca, 1989, ost-Tortonian mountain building in the Apennines. The role of the passive sinking of a relic lithospheric slab, 80, 157 Patacca, 1990, Tyrrhenian basin and Appeninic Arcs: kinematic relations since late Tortonian times, Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 45, 425 Patacca, 2001, Late thrust propagation and sedimentary response in the thrust belt-foredeep system of the southern Apennines (Pliocene-Pleistocene), 401 Patacca, 2007, Geological interpretation of the CROP-04 seismic line (southern Apennines, Italy), Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital. (Ital. J. Geosci.), 7, 297 Patacca, 2008, Structural architecture of the central Apennines: Interpretation of the CROP 11 seismic profile from the Adriatic coast to the orographic divide, Tectonics, 27, 1 Peccerillo, 2005, Compositional variations of Plio-Quaternary magmatism in the circum-Tyrrhenian area: deep versus shallow mantle processes, 388 Pezzo, 2018, Pore pressure pulse drove the 2012 Emilia (Italy) series of earthquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 682, 10.1002/2017GL076110 Piana Agostinetti, 2009, Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio in peninsular Italy from teleseismic receiver functions, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B06303, 10.1029/2008JB005899 Piccardi, 2006, Geo-structural evidence for active oblique extension in South-Central Italy, 61 Piccinini, 2008, First observations of non-volcanic, long-period seismicity in the central Apennines,Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12303, 10.1029/2008GL034120 Pino, 2005, Seismic recording of small zero frequency displacement from moderate events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12304, 10.1029/2005GL022780 Piromallo, 2003, P wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine-Mediterranean area, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2065, 10.1029/2002JB001757 Pondrelli, 1999, Pattern of seismic deformation in the Western Mediterranean, Ann. Geophys., 42, 10.4401/ag-3700 Pondrelli, 2006, The Italian CMT dataset from 1977 to the present, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 159, 286, 10.1016/j.pepi.2006.07.008 Raleigh, 1976, An experiment in Earthquake control at Rangely, Colorado, Science, 191, 1230, 10.1126/science.191.4233.1230 Rosenbaum, 2004, Neogene and quaternary rollback evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Apennines and the Sicilian Maghrebides, Tectonics, 23, TC1013 Rosenbaum, 2004, Mesozoic and Cenozoic motion of Adria (central Mediterranean): a review of constraints and limitations, Geodin. Acta, 17, 125, 10.3166/ga.17.125-139 Rovida, 2022 Satolli, 2005, Paleomagnetism of the Gran Sasso range salient (Central Apennines, Italy): pattern of orogenic rotations due to translation of a massive carbonate indenter, Tectonics, 24, TC4019, 10.1029/2004TC001771 Scognamiglio, 2016, Uncertainty estimations for moment tensor inversions: the issue of the 2012 May 20 Emilia earthquake, Geophys. J. Int., 206, 792, 10.1093/gji/ggw173 Scognamiglio, 2006 Sebastiani, 2019, Aftershock patterns in recent central Apennines sequences, J. Geophys. Res., 124, 10.1029/2018JB017144 Selvaggi, 1992, Intermediate depth earthquakes in the Northern Apennines (Italy): evidence for a still active subduction?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2127, 10.1029/92GL02503 Selvaggi, 1995, Seismicity and P-wave velocity image of the Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone, Geophys. J. Int., 121, 818, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06441.x Serpelloni, 2013, Vertical GPS ground motion rates in the Euro-Mediterranean region: new evidence of velocity gradients at different spatial scales along the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 6003, 10.1002/2013JB010102 Shapiro, 2009, Fluid-induced seismicity: pressure diffusion and hydraulic fracturing, Geophys. Prospect., 57, 301, 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2008.00770.x Shen, 2015, Optimal interpolation of spatially discretized geodetic data, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 105, 2117, 10.1785/0120140247 Sibson, 1992, Implications of fault-valve behaviour for rupture nucleation and recurrence, Tectonophysics, 211, 283, 10.1016/0040-1951(92)90065-E Sibson, 2020, Preparation zones for large crustal earthquakes consequent on fault-valve action, Earth Planets Space, 72, 31, 10.1186/s40623-020-01153-x Simpson, 1986, Triggered earthquakes, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 14, 21, 10.1146/annurev.ea.14.050186.000321 Smith-Konter, 2011, Locking depths estimated from geodesy and seismology along the San Andreas Fault System: Implications for seismic moment release, J. Geophys. Res., 116, B06401, 10.1029/2010JB008117 Spada, 2013, Combining controlled-source seismology and receiver function information to derive 3-D Moho topography for Italy, Geophys. J. Int., 194, 1050, 10.1093/gji/ggt148 Speranza, 2003, Genesis and evolution of a curved mountain front: paleomagnetic and geological evidence from the Gran Sasso range (Central Apennines, Italy), Tectonophysics, 362, 183, 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00637-6 Tamburello, 2018, Global-scale control of extensional tectonics on CO2 earth degassing, Nat. Commun., 9, 4608, 10.1038/s41467-018-07087-z Terakawa, 2010, High-pressure fluid at hypocentral depths in the L’Aquila region inferred from earthquake focal mechanisms, Geology, 38, 995, 10.1130/G31457.1 Totaro, 2014, Detailed crustal structure in the area of the southern Apennines-Calabrian Arc border from local earthquake tomography, J. Geodyn., 82, 87, 10.1016/j.jog.2014.07.004 Trasatti, 2018, Coeval uplift and subsidence reveal magma recharging near Rome, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 19, 1484, 10.1029/2017GC007303 Vallée, 2005, Source analysis of the 2002 Molise, southern Italy, twin earthquakes (10/31 and 11/01), Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12309, 10.1029/2005GL022687 van Hinsbergen, 2014, Origin and consequences of western Mediterranean subduction, rollback, and slab segmentation, Tectonics, 33, 393, 10.1002/2013TC003349 Vannoli, 2021, The Seismotectonic significance of Geofluids in Italy, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 10.3389/feart.2021.579390 Ventura, 2013, Fluid pressure, stress field and propagation style of coalescing thrusts from the analysis of the 20 May 2012 ML 5.9 Emilia earthquake (Northern Apennines, Italy), Terra Nova, 25, 72, 10.1111/ter.12007 Ventura, 2007, Mantle wedge dynamics versus crustal seismicity in the Apennines (Italy), Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 8, Q02013, 10.1029/2006GC001421 Verbeke, 2012, High-resolution Rayleigh-wave velocity maps of Central Europe from a dense ambient-noise data set, Geophys. J. Int., 188, 1173, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05308.x Vezzani, 2010, Geology and tectonic evolution of the Central-Southern Apennines, Italy, 469, 1 Viganò, 2013, Structure and properties of the Adriatic crust in the central-eastern Southern Alps (Italy) from local earthquake tomography, Terra Nova, 25, 504, 10.1111/ter.12067 Vitale, 2013, Deformation and stratigraphic evolution of the Ligurian Accretionary complex in the Southern Apennines (Italy), J. Geodyn., 66, 120, 10.1016/j.jog.2013.02.008 Viti, 2015, Belt-parallel shortening in the northern Apennines and seismotectonic implications, Int. J. Geosci., 6, 938, 10.4236/ijg.2015.68075 Ward, 1998, On the consistency of earthquake moment release and space geodetic strain rates: Europe, Geophys. J. Int., 135, 1011, 10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.t01-2-00658.x Wessel, 2019, The generic mapping tools version 6, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 20, 5556, 10.1029/2019GC008515 Wortel, 2000, Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean Carpathian region, Science, 290, 1910, 10.1126/science.290.5498.1910 Yoshida, 2018, Hypocenter Migration and Seismicity Pattern Change in the Yamagata-Fukushima Border, NE Japan, Caused by Fluid Movement and Pore pressure Variation, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 123, 5000, 10.1029/2018JB015468 Zhang, 2019, The 2013 and 2017 Ms 5 seismic swarms in Jilin, NE China: fluid triggered earthquakes?, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 124, 13096, 10.1029/2019JB018649 Zhang, 2021, Hydrocarbon Enrichment and Main Controlling Factors in Offshore Rift Basins of China: a Case Study in the Beibuwan Basin, Acta Geol. Sin. (Engl. Ed.), 95, 192, 10.1111/1755-6724.14632 Zoback, 2002, Steady-state failure equilibrium and deformation of intraplate lithosphere, Int. Geol. Rev., 44, 383, 10.2747/0020-6814.44.5.383