Genome-wide trans-ancestry meta-analysis provides insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes susceptibility

Nature Genetics - Tập 46 Số 3 - Trang 234-244 - 2014
Anubha Mahajan1, Min Jin Go2, Wei Zhang3, Jennifer E. Below4, Kyle J. Gaulton1, Teresa Ferreira1, Momoko Horikoshi1, Andrew D. Johnson5, Maggie C. Y. Ng6, Inga Prokopenko1, Danish Saleheen7, Xu Wang8, Eleftheria Zeggini9, Gonçalo R. Abecasis10, Linda S. Adair11, Peter Almgren12, Mustafa Atalay13, Tin Aung14, Damiano Baldassarre15, Giovanni Gambaro16, Yuqian Bao17, Anthony Barnett18, Inês Barroso9, Abdul Basit19, Latonya Been20, John L. Hopper21, Graeme I. Bell22, Rafn Benediktsson23, Richard N. Bergman24, Bernhard O. Boehm25, Eric Boerwinkle26, Lori L. Bonnycastle27, Rosanna Asselta28, Qiuyin Cai29, Harry Hemingway30, Jason Carey28, Stéphane Cauchi31, Mark J. Caulfield32, Juliana C.N. Chan33, Li-Ching Chang34, Tien‐Jyun Chang35, Yi‐Cheng Chang35, G. Charpentier36, Chien-Hsiun Chen34, Han Chen35, Yuan-Tsong Chen34, Kee‐Seng Chia8, Manickam Chidambaram37, Nam H. Cho38, Young Min Cho39, Lee‐Ming Chuang35, Francis S. Collins27, Marilyn C. Cornelis40, David Couper41, Andrew Crenshaw28, Rob M. van Dam40, John Danesh7, Debashish Das42, Ulf dé Fairé43, George Davey Smith44, Panos Deloukas9, Antigone S. Dimas1, Christian Dina45, Alex S. F. Doney46, Peter Donnelly1, Mozhgan Dorkhan12, Cornelia M. van Duijn47, Josée Dupuis5, Sarah Edkins9, Paul Elliott3, Valur Emilsson48, Raimund Erbel49, Johan G. Eriksson50, Jorge Escobedo51, Tõnu Esko52, Elodie Eury31, José C. Florez53, Pierre Fontanillas28, Nita G. Forouhi54, Tom Forsén55, Caroline Hayward5, Ross M. Fraser30, Timothy M. Frayling56, Philippe Froguel57, Yu‐Tang Gao58, Karl Gertow59, Christian Gieger60, Bruna Gigante43, Harald Grallert61, George Grant28, Leif Groop12, Christopher G. Mathew62, Elin Grundberg63, Candace Guiducci28, Anders Hamsten59, Bok‐Ghee Han2, Kazuo Hara64, Neelam Hassanali62, Andrew T. Hattersley65, Åsa K. Hedman1, Christian Herder66, Albert Hofman47, Oddgeir L. Holmen67, Kees Hovingh68, Ástráður B. Hreiðarsson69, Cheng Hu17, Frank B. Hu40, Jennie Hui21, Steve E. Humphries70, Sarah Hunt9, David J. Hunter40, Kristian Hveem67, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Hydrie19, Hiroshi Ikegami71, Thomas Meitinger61, Erik Ingelsson1, Muhammed Islam72, Bo Isomaa73, Anne Jackson10, Gregor Jurak72, Anthony James21, Weiping Jia17, Karl‐Heinz Jöckel74, Anna Jonsson12, Jeremy B. M. Jowett75, Takashi Kadowaki64, Hyun Min Kang10, Stavroula Kanoni9, W.H. Linda Kao76, Sekar Kathiresan28, Norihiro Kato77, Prasad Katulanda62, Sirkka Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi78, Ann Marie Kelly79, Hassan Khan7, Kay‐Tee Khaw7, Chiea Chuen Khor14, Hyung-Lae Kim80, Sang Soo Kim81, Young Jin Kim2, Leena Kinnunen82, Norman Klopp61, Augustine Kong83, Eeva Korpi-Hyövälti84, Sudhir Kowlessur85, Peter Kraft40, Jasmina Kravić12, Malene M. Kristensen75, S. Krithika86, Ashish Kumar1, J Kumate87, Claudia Langenberg88, Soo Heon Kwak39, Markku Laakso88, Vasiliki Lagou1, Timo A. Lakka13, Alan D. Irvine9, Robert Lawrence89, Karin Leander43, Jen-Mai Lee8, Sang Lee90, Man Li76, Yun Li91, Junyan Li92, Samuel Liju37, Wei‐Yen Lim93, Lars Lind94, Cecilia M. Lindgren28, Eero Lindholm12, Yongmei Liu95, Jing Liu96, Stéphane Lobbens31, Jirong Long29, Ruth J. F. Loos54, Wei Lu97, Jian’an Luan54, Valeriya Lyssenko12, Ronald C.W.33, Shiro Maeda98, Reedik Mägi52, Satu Männistö50, David R Matthews62, James B. Meigs99, Olle Melander12, Andres Metspalu52, Julia Meyer60, Ghazala Mirza1, Evelin Mihailov52, Susanne Moebus74, Viswanathan Mohan37, Karen L. Mohlke91, Andrew D. Morris46, Thomas W. Mühleisen100, Martina Müller‐Nurasyid60, Bill Musk21, Jiro Nakamura101, Emi Nakashima101, Pau Navarro102, Peng-Keat Ng8, Alexandra C. Nica103, Peter M. Nilsson12, Inger Njølstad104, Markus M. Nöthen100, Keizo Ohnaka105, Twee Hee Ong8, Katharine R. Owen62, Colin N. A. Palmer46, James S. Pankow106, Kyong Soo Park39, Melissa Parkin28, Sonali Pechlivanis74, Nancy L. Pedersen107, Leena Peltonen50, John R. B. Perry56, Annette Peters108, Janani Pinidiyapathirage109, Carl Platou67, Simon Potter9, Jackie F. Price30, Lu Qi40, Venkatesan Radha37, Lοukianos S. Rallidis110, Asif Rasheed111, Wolfgang Rathmann112, Rainer Rauramaa113, Soumya Raychaudhuri28, Nigel W. Rayner62, Simon D. Rees79, Emil Rehnberg107, Samuli Ripatti50, Neil Robertson62, Michael Marmot66, Elizabeth J. Rossin53, Igor Rudan30, Denis Rybin114, Timo Saaristo115, Veikko Salomaa50, Juha Saltevo116, Maria Samuel111, Dharambir K. Sanghera20, Abhijit Sen117, James Scott118, Laura J. Scott10, Robert A. Scott54, Ayellet V. Segrè99, Joban Sehmi42, Bengt Sennblad59, Nabi Shah111, Sonia Shah119, A. Samad Shera120, Xiao Ou Shu29, Alan R. Shuldiner121, Gunnar Sigurðsson48, Eric J.G. Sijbrands122, Angela Silveira59, Xueling Sim93, Suthesh Sivapalaratnam68, Kerrin S. Small63, Wing Yee So33, Alena Stančáková88, Kári Stéfansson83, Gerald Steinbach123, Valgerður Steinthórsdóttir83, Kathleen Stirrups9, Rona J. Strawbridge59, Heather M. Stringham10, Qi Sun40, Chen Suo93, Chris Wallace124, Ryoichi Takayanagi125, Fumihiko Takeuchi77, Wan Ting Tay14, Jan A. Staessen10, Barbara Thorand108, Guðmar Þorleifsson83, Unnur Þorsteinsdóttir83, Emmi Tikkanen50, Joseph Trakalo1, Elena Tremoli126, Mieke D. Trip68, Fuu‐Jen Tsai127, Jaakko Tuomilehto73, André G. Uitterlinden128, Adán Valladares‐Salgado129, Sailaja Vedantam130, Fabrizio Veglia15, Benjamin F. Voight28, Congrong Wang17, Roman Wennauer122, Ananda R. Wickremasinghe109, Tom R. Gaunt104, James F. Wilson102, Steven Wiltshire1, Wendy Winckler28, Tien Yin Wong131, Andrew R. Wood56, Wei Xing Zheng127, Ken Yamamoto132, Toshimasa Yamauchi64, Ming‐Yu Yang92, Loïc Yengo31, Mitsuhiro Yokota133, Robin Young7, Delilah Zabaneh119, Fan Zhang92, Rong Zhang17, Wei Zheng29, Paul Zimmet75, David Green134, Donald W. Bowden135, Yoon Shin Cho136, Nancy J. Cox137, Miguel Cruz129, Craig L. Hanis26, Jaspal S. Kooner118, Jong‐Young Lee2, Mark Seielstad96, Yik Ying Teo96, Michael Boehnke10, Esteban J. Parra86, John C. Chambers42, E Shyong Tai138, Mark I. McCarthy139, Andrew P. Morris140
1Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
2Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongwon-gun, Gangoe-myeon, Yeonje-ri, Korea
3Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
4Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
5National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.
6Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
7Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
8Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
9Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
10Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
11Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
12Department of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
13Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
14Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
15Centro Cardiologico Monzino Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
16Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) U1018, Villejuif, France
17Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
18College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
19Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi, Pakistan
20Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
21Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
22Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
23Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
24Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
25Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
26Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
27National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
28Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
29Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
30Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK
31Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)–Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-8199, Institute of Biology and Lille 2 University, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
32Clinical Pharmacology and Barts and the London Genome Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
33Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
34Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
35Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
36Endocrinology-Diabetology Unit, Corbeil-Essonnes Hospital, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
37Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation–Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Advanced Centre for Genomics of Diabetes, Chennai, India
38Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
39Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
40Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
41Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
42Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
43Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
44Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
45INSERM UMR 1087, Nantes, France
46Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
47Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
48Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
49Clinic of Cardiology, West German Heart Centre, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
50Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
51Unidad de Investigacion en Epidemiologia Clinica, Hospital General Regional I, Dr. Carlos MacGregor, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
52Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
53Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
54MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
55Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
56Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
57Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
58Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
59Department of Medicine Solna, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
60Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
61Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
62Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
63Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
64Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
65Diabetes Genetics, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
66Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
67Department of Public Health and General Practice, HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
68Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
69Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
70Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
71Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
72Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
73Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
74Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
75Baker International Diabetes Institute (IDI) Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
76Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
77Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
78Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
79BioMedical Research Centre, Heart of England National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
80Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
81School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
82Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
83deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
84South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
85Ministry of Health, Port Louis, Mauritius
86Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
87Fundacion IMSS, Mz. Poniente, Col. Juarez, Deleg. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, Mexico
88Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
89Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
90Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
91Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
92Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, China
93Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
94Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
95Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
96Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
97Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
98Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
99Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
100Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
101Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
102Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
103Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
104Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
105Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
106Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
107Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
108Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
109Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
110University General Hospital Attikon, 1 Rimini, Athens, Greece
111Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
112Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
113Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
114Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
115Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
116Department of Medicine, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
117South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
118National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
119Department of Genetics, University College London Genetics Institute, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
120Diabetic Association Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
121Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
122Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
123Department of Clinical Chemistry and Central Laboratory, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
124Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
125Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
126Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
127School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
128Netherland Genomics Initiative, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing and Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
129Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City, Mexico
130Division of Genetics and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
131Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
132Division of Genome Analysis, Research Center for Genetic Information, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
133Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan
134Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
135Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
136Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea
137Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
138Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
139Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
140Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

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