Genetic variation of pollen functional quality traits and their relation to sexual compatibility in kola (Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl.)

Sundstrom, 1966, The cola nut: functions in West African social life, Stud Ethnogr Ups, 26, 135 Kwame, 2019, An ethnographic sketch of social interactions in Dagbon society: the case of greeting, sharing drinks and kola Nut, J. Multidiscip. Res. Trent, 2, 1 Gestrich, 2021, Evidence of an eleventh-century AD Cola nitida trade into the middle Niger region, Afr. Archaeol. Rev., 38, 403, 10.1007/s10437-021-09445-7 Opeke, 1992 Fereday, 1997, 13 Keay, 1960, 1 Agyili, 2006, Garcinia kola Heckel, Seed Leafl, No. 113 Gyedu-Akoto, 2019, Proximate, mineral composition and sensory evaluation of coffee and kola flavored biscuits, Nutr. Food Sci., 10.1108/NFS-10-2018-0270 Leung, 1996 Blades, 2000, Functional foods or nutraceuticals, Nutr. Food Sci., 30, 73, 10.1108/00346650010314313 Jayeola, 2001 Babatunde, 2001, Replacement value of kola nut husk meal for maize in, Trop. J. Anim. Sci., 4 Babatunde, 2005, Effects of graded levels of kola nut husk on the performance of cockerels, Niger. J. Anim. Prod., 32, 61, 10.51791/njap.v32i1.1035 Hamzat, 2000, Potentials of kola testa and pod husks in animal feeds, 112 Yahaya, 2001, Utilization of kola pod husk in liquid soap production, Moor J. Agric. Res., 3, 252 Olubamiwa, 2002, Current advances on the utilization of kola and by-products in Nigeria Taiwo, 2008, Extraction and potential application of caustic potash from kola nut husk, Ugwu pod husk and plantain peels, Sci. Res. Essays, 3, 515 Bukola, 2018, Conversion of kola nut waste into beneficial products for environmental protection, J. Environ. Sci. Technol., 11, 233, 10.3923/jest.2018.233.237 Asogwa, 2021, Kola production and utilization for economic development, Afr. Sci., 7 Niemenak, 2008, Purine alkaloids and phenolic compounds in three Cola species and Garcinia kola grown in Cameroon, South Afr. J. Bot., 74, 629, 10.1016/j.sajb.2008.03.003 Samuel, 2008, Studies on the chemical composition and storage parameters of sun-dried kola nuts, Afr. J. Agric. Res., 3, 130 Odebode, 1996, Phenolic compounds in the kola nut (Cola nitida and Cola acuminata) (Sterculiaceae) in Africa, Rev. Biol. Trop., 513 Tarnopolsky, 2008, Effect of caffeine on the neuromuscular system—potential as an ergogenic aid, Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metabol., 33, 1284, 10.1139/H08-121 Black, 2015, Caffeine's ergogenic effects on cycling: neuromuscular and perceptual factors, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 47, 1145, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000513 Lorenzo Calvo, 2021, Caffeine and cognitive functions in sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Nutrients, 13, 868, 10.3390/nu13030868 Domínguez, 2021, Acute effects of caffeine intake on psychological responses and high-intensity exercise performance, Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health, 18, 584, 10.3390/ijerph18020584 Momo, 2009, Antioxidant properties and α-amylase inhibition of Terminalia superba, Albizia sp., Cola nitida, Cola odorata and Harungana madagascarensis used in the management of diabetes in Cameroon, J. Health Sci., 55, 732, 10.1248/jhs.55.732 Nyadanu, 2020, Genetic variability of bioactive compounds and selection for nutraceutical quality in kola [Cola nitida (Vent) Schott. and Endl.], PLoS One, 15, 10.1371/journal.pone.0242972 Ekalu, 2020, Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal uses of cola (Malvaceae) family: a review, Med. Chem. Res., 29, 2089, 10.1007/s00044-020-02637-x Nyamien, 2014, Caffeine and phenolic compounds in Cola nitida (vent.) Schott and Endl and Garcinia kola Heckel grown in Côte d'Ivoire, Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol., 4, 4846, 10.9734/BJAST/2014/11561 Nyamien, 2017, Simultaneous determination of caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic and caffeic acid in Cola nitida dried nuts from Côte d'Ivoire using HPLC, Asian J. Biotechnol. Bioresour. Technol., 1, 1, 10.9734/AJB2T/2017/34800 Atawodi, 2007, Content of polyphenolic compounds in the Nigerian stimulants Cola nitida sp. Alba, Cola nitida Ssp. Rubra A. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl and their antioxidant capacity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 9824, 10.1021/jf0721038 Ogunlade, 2014, Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some nuts commonly consumed in South-Western Nigeria, J. Phytopharm., 3, 248, 10.31254/phyto.2014.3405 Lowor, 2010, Analysis of some quality indicators in cured Cola nitida (Vent), Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., 1, 1206, 10.5251/abjna.2010.1.6.1206.1214 Adeyeye, 2007, Amino acid composition of two masticatory nuts (Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola) and a snack nut (Anacardium occidentale), Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 58, 241, 10.1080/09637480701486108 Adesanwo, 2017, Chemical analyses, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts from Cola nitida seed, J. Explor. Res. Pharmacol., 2, 67, 10.14218/JERP.2017.00015 Erukainure, 2019, The antidiabetic properties of the hot water extract of kola nut (Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl.) in type 2 diabetic Rats, J. Ethnopharmacol., 242, 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112033 Imam-Fulani, 2018, Effects of acetone extract of Cola nitida on Brain Sodium-Potassium Adenosine Triphosphatase activity and spatial memory in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic female winstar rats, J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol., 29, 411, 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0019 Kadivar, 2010 Indabawa, 2011, Antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola and Cola nitida seed extracts, Bayero J. Pure Appl. Sci., 4, 52 Mebude, 2017, Anti-dermatophytic potential of formulated extract of cola nitida (vent.) Schott. And Endl. (Stem bark), J. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. Res., 8, 10.4172/2155-9554.1000394 Alaribe, 2003, The role of kola nut (Cola nitida) in the etiology of malaria morbidity, Pharm. Biol., 41, 458, 10.1076/phbi.41.6.458.17835 Komlaga, 2015, Medicinal plants and finished marketed herbal products used in the treatment of malaria in the Ashanti Region, Ghana, J. Ethnopharmacol., 172, 333, 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.041 Omoya, 2016, The in vivo assessment of antiplasmodial activities of leaves and stem bark extracts of Mangifera Indica (Linn) and Cola nitida (Linn), Int. J. Infect. Dis., 45, 373, 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.801 Owusu, 2021, Formulation and in vitro evaluation of oral capsules and suspension from the ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds for the treatment of diarrhea, BioMed Res. Int., 10.1155/2021/6630449 Kanoma, 2014, Phytochemical screening of various species of Cola nut extracts for antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi, Am. J. Biol. Life Sci., 2, 18 Eromosele, 2018, Phytochemical study of underutilized leaves of Cola acuminata and C. nitida, Am Res J Biosci, 4, 1 Tsopgni, 2019, New unsaturated fatty acid and other chemical constituents from the roots of Cola rostrata K. Schum. (Malvaceae), Biochem. Systemat. Ecol., 86 Akinnibosun, 2018, Evaluation of phytochemical components of various parts of Cola millenii K, Schum. Ovidius Univ. Ann. Chem., 29, 29, 10.2478/auoc-2018-0004 Nzekwu, 1961, Regeneration of old kola trees cola nitida (vent) Scott &Endlicher by Coppicing, Turrialba, 23, 334 Brooks, 1980 Nixon, 2017, Trans-saharan Gold trade in pre-modern times, 156 Mokwunye, 2009, Functional characterization of kola nut powder for beverage production [MS Thesis], Univ. Agric. Abeok. Niger. Adesida, 2021, Kola as an indispensable article of trade in West Africa, World J. Adv. Res. Rev., 12, 324, 10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.2.0533 Nyadanu, 2022 Temitope Bukola, 2009, Cola nitida and Cola acuminate, State Knowl. Rep. Undertaken Cent. Afr. Reg. Program Environ. J Env. Sci Te, 11, 1 Amon-Armah, 2021, Supply-Side practices and constraints of the Kola nut (Cola nitida (Vent) Schott. and Endl.) value chain in Ghana: a descriptive evidence, Int. J. Agron., 2021 Sanial, 2018, Is kola tree the enemy of cocoa? A critical analysis of agroforestry recommendations made to Ivorian cocoa farmers, Hum. Ecol., 46, 159, 10.1007/s10745-018-9975-0 Eijnatten, 1969 Morakinyo, 1981, Compatibility studies and yield components of recent Cola nitida selections, Cafe Cacao Town, 1967 Osei, 1978 Nyadanu, 2021, Combining ability and gene action for sexual compatibility and pattern of nut colour segregation among ten elite clones of kola (Cola nitida (Vent) Schott and Endl.), Euphytica, 217, 1, 10.1007/s10681-021-02801-3 Odutayo, 2018, Compatibility studies in Cola nitida genotypes, J. Plant Breed Crop Sci., 10, 80, 10.5897/JPBCS2017.0637 Jacob, 1974, Compatibility studies in Cola nitida (vent.) Schott and Endl, Ghana J. Sci., 14, 143 Egbe, 1987, Factors limiting high yields in kola (Cola nitida) production in Nigeria, Café Cacao Thé Paris, 31, 303 Jacob, 1969, Interspecific hybridization in theobroma and cola, 6, 46 Nikolić, 2012, The effect of pollinizer on the fruit set of Plum Cultivar Čačanska najbolja, J. Agric. Sci. Belgrade, 57, 9, 10.2298/JAS1201009N Tosun, 2007, Investigations of suitable pollinator for 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry Cv.: pollen performance tests, germination tests, germination procedures, in vitro and in vivo pollinations, Hortic. Sci., 34, 10.17221/1851-HORTSCI Kendall, 1971, Growth of Trifolium pratense L. pollen tubes in compatible and incompatible styles of excised pistils, Theor. Appl. Genet., 41, 275, 10.1007/BF00277797 Kendall, 1967, Growth of red clover pollen. II. Elongation in vitro 1, Crop Sci., 7, 342, 10.2135/cropsci1967.0011183X000700040019x Pfahler, 1997, Genetic variation for in vitro sesame pollen germination and tube growth, Theor. Appl. Genet., 95, 1218, 10.1007/s001220050684 Alcaraz, 2021, Fruit set in avocado: pollen limitation, pollen load size, and selective fruit abortion, Agronomy, 11, 1603, 10.3390/agronomy11081603 Claessen, 2022, A semi in vivo pollination technique to assess the level of gametophytic self-incompatibility and pollen tube growth in pear (Pyrus Communis L.), Plant Reprod., 35, 127, 10.1007/s00497-021-00435-y Ashman, 2004, Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences, Ecology, 85, 2408, 10.1890/03-8024 Gaaliche, 2013, Assessment of pollen viability, germination, and tube growth in eight Tunisian caprifig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars, Int. Sch. Res. Notices Mandrone, 2019, Compatible and incompatible pollen-styles interaction in Pyrus Communis L. show different transglutaminase features, polyamine pattern and metabolomics profiles, Front. Plant Sci., 10, 741, 10.3389/fpls.2019.00741 Shivanna, 1993, Pollination Biology: contributions to fundamental and applied aspects, Curr. Sci., 226 Dafni, 1992, Pollen viability and longevity: practical, ecological and evolutionary implications, Plant Systemat. Evol., 222, 1 Ćalić, 2021, Impact of storage temperature on pollen viability and germinability of four Serbian autochthon apple cultivars, Front. Plant Sci., 1480 Ali, 2011, Storage of apple pollen and in vitro germination, Afr. J. Agric. Res., 6, 624 Melekber, 2014, In vitro pollen viability and pollen germination in cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.), Sci. World J. Pirlak, 2005, Determination of pollen quality and quantity in Cornelian cherry (Cornus mass L.), Bangladesh J. Bot., 34 Beyhan, 2009, Investigation of the fertilization biology of some sweet cherry cultivars grown in the Central Northern Anatolian Region of Turkey, Sci. Hortic., 121, 320, 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.02.028 Radičević, 2013, In vitro pollen germination and pollen grain morphology in some sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars, Romanian Biotechnol. Lett., 18, 8341 Sutyemez, 2011, Pollen quality, quantity and fruit set of some self-compatible and self-incompatible cherry cultivars with artificial pollination, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10, 3380, 10.5897/AJB10.2013 García Talledo, 2019, Morphology, viability, and longevity of pollen of national type and trinitarian (CCN-51) clones of cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) on the coast of Ecuador, Braz. J. Bot., 42, 441, 10.1007/s40415-019-00541-2 Godoy, 2009, Performance polínica Em Cacaueiros (Theobroma Cacao L.) Autocompatíveis e Autoincompatíveis, Braz. J. Bot., 32, 617, 10.1590/S0100-84042009000300019 Antonio, 2004, Germinação in vitro Do Pólen de Theobroma Grandiflorum (Willdenow Ex Sprengel) Schumann, Cientifica, 32, 101 Arenas-de-Souza, 2016, Stigmatic receptivity and pollen viability of Theobroma subincanum Mart.: fruit species from the Amazon region, Rev. Bras. Frutic., 38, 10.1590/0100-29452016757 Soares, 2013, Morphology and viability of pollen grains from passion fruit species (Passiflora spp.), Acta Bot. Bras., 27, 779, 10.1590/S0102-33062013000400018 Impe, 2020, Assessment of pollen viability for wheat, Front. Plant Sci., 10, 1588, 10.3389/fpls.2019.01588 Lora, 2006, Low temperature storage and in vitro germination of cherimola (Annona cherimola Mill.) Pollen, Sci. Hortic., 108, 91, 10.1016/j.scienta.2005.12.003 Machado, 2014, Pollen grain viability of coconut accessions at low temperatures, Acta Sci. Agron., 36, 227, 10.4025/actasciagron.v36i2.17346 Jaskani, 2017, Storage and viability assessment of date palm pollen, 3 Kester, 1994, Identifying pollen incompatibility groups in California almond cultivars, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 119, 106, 10.21273/JASHS.119.1.106 Martínez-Gómez, 2002, Low temperature storage of almond pollen, Hortscience, 37, 691, 10.21273/HORTSCI.37.4.691 Brown, 1954, A preliminary study of the staining of plant cells by Tetrazolium Chloride, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 127, 10.2307/2481848 Oberle, 1953, The use of 2, 3, 5-Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride in viability tests of fruit pollens, 61, 299 Nortin, 1966, Testing of plum pollen viability with Tetrazolium salts, 89, 132 Cook, 1960, Tetrazolium Chloride as an indicator of pine pollen germinability, Silvae Genet., 9 Baker, 1979, Starch in angiosperm pollen grains and its evolutionary significance, Am. J. Bot., 66, 591, 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1979.tb06262.x Mulugeta, 1994, Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Pollen dispersion, viability and germination, Weed Sci., 42, 548, 10.1017/S004317450007692X Kelly, 2002, A method to estimate pollen viability from pollen size variation, Am. J. Bot., 89, 1021, 10.3732/ajb.89.6.1021 Huang, 2004, Pollen dispersion, pollen viability and pistil receptivity in Leymus chinensis, Ann. Bot., 93, 295, 10.1093/aob/mch044 Maita, 2015, The effect of three plant bioregulators on pollen germination, pollen tube growth and fruit set in almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) DA Webb] Cvs. Non Pareil and Carmel, Electron. J. Biotechnol., 18, 381, 10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.07.004 Jayaprakash, 2001, Development of an improved medium for germination of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. pollen in vitro, J. Exp. Bot., 52, 851, 10.1093/jexbot/52.357.851 Jayaprakash, 2015, An improved in vitro germination medium for recalcitrant Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Pollen, Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed., 75, 446, 10.5958/0975-6906.2015.00072.3 Lora, 2007, Germinación de polen de Chirimoyo. Implicaciones para la optimización de la polinización manual, Acta Hortic., 48, 134 2013, A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing Komsta, 2011, Package ‘Outliers.’ Med. Univ. Lub. Lub. Liu, 2022, Soil moisture determines the effects of climate warming on spring phenology in grasslands, Agric. For. Meteorol., 323, 10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109039 Lora, 2016, The diversity of the pollen tube pathway in plants: toward an increasing control by the sporophyte, Front. Plant Sci., 7, 107, 10.3389/fpls.2016.00107 Boavida, 2005, Gametophyte interaction and sexual reproduction: how plants make a zygote, Int. J. Dev. Biol., 615, 10.1387/ijdb.052023lb Qin, 2009, Penetration of the stigma and style elicits a novel transcriptome in pollen tubes, pointing to genes critical for growth in a pistil, PLoS Genet., 5, 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000621 Rotman, 2003, Female control of male gamete delivery during fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana, Curr. Biol., 13, 432, 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00093-9 Marcellán, 1996, The Viability of asparagus pollen after storage at low temperatures, Sci. Hortic., 67, 101, 10.1016/S0304-4238(96)00949-1 Burke, 2004, J. In vitro analysis of cotton pollen germination, Agron. J., 96, 359, 10.2134/agronj2004.3590 Burke, 2007, Viability and in vitro germination of Johnsongrass (sorghum Halepense) pollen, Weed Technol., 21, 23, 10.1614/WT-05-171.1 Cerović, 2014, Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in ZP maize lines, Genet.-Belgrade, 46, 935, 10.2298/GENSR1403935C Dafni, 2000, Pollen viability and longevity: practical, ecological and evolutionary implications, Pollen Pollinat, 113, 10.1007/978-3-7091-6306-1_6 Breygina, 2021, Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in gymnosperms, Plants, 10, 1301, 10.3390/plants10071301 Fernando, 2001, RNA and Protein synthesis during in vitro pollen germination and tube elongation in Pinus monticola and other conifers, Sex. Plant Reprod., 13, 259, 10.1007/s004970100069 Fernando, 2005, Characterization of pollen tube development in Pinus strobus (Eastern White Pine) through Proteomic Analysis of differentially expressed proteins, Proteomics, 5, 4917, 10.1002/pmic.200500009 Zhang, 2020, ROS in the male–female interactions during pollination: function and regulation, Front. Plant Sci., 11, 177, 10.3389/fpls.2020.00177 Bolat, 1999, An investigation on pollen viability, germination and tube growth in some stone fruits, Turk. J. Agric. For., 23, 383 Shivanna, 2003, Pollen development, Pollen Biol. Biotechnol. Sharafi, 2011, In vitro pollen germination, pollen tube growth and longevity in some genotypes of loquat (Eriobotria japonica Lindl.), Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10, 8064, 10.5897/AJB11.701 Ilgin, 2007, Viability, germination and amount of pollen in selected Caprifig types, Pakistan J. Bot., 39, 9 Hanley, 2008, Breeding system, pollinator choice and variation in pollen quality in British herbaceous plants, Funct. Ecol., 592, 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01415.x Sever, 2012, In vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth differences among Quercus robur L. clones in response to meteorological conditions, Grana, 51, 25, 10.1080/00173134.2011.638932 Cheung, 2010, The pollen tube journey in the pistil and imaging the in vivo process by two-photon microscopy, J. Exp. Bot., 61, 1907, 10.1093/jxb/erq062 Lora, 2010, Pollen performance of Annona cherimola Mill.(Annonaceae) is affected by temperature and moisture content during the final stages of pollen development, 932, 65 Ndinyanka Fabrice, 2017, Efficient preparation of Arabidopsis pollen tubes for ultrastructural analysis using chemical and cryo-fixation, BMC Plant Biol., 17, 1, 10.1186/s12870-017-1136-x Williams, 2008, Novelties of the flowering plant pollen tube underlie diversification of a key life history stage, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, 11259, 10.1073/pnas.0800036105 Asma, 2008, Determination of pollen viability, germination ratios and morphology of eight Apricot genotypes, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7 Nautiyal, 2009, Floral biology of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.: a critically endangered alpine medicinal plant of Himalaya, India, Turk. J. Bot., 33, 13 Nitsa, 2020, Evaluation of pollen viability and in vitro pollen germination in relation to different maturity stages of flowers in kola, Cola nitida), 8, 10 Stone, 1995, Assessment of pollen viability in hand‐pollination experiments: a review, Am. J. Bot., 82, 1186, 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb11591.x Pacini, 1997, Pollen viability related to type of pollination in six angiosperm species, Ann. Bot., 80, 83, 10.1006/anbo.1997.0421 Kumar, 1995, Pollen viability and stigma receptivity in relation to meteorological parameters in pearl millet, Seed Sci. Technol. Switz. Luangsuwalai, 2008, Lack of visible post-pollination effects in pollen grains of two dendrobium cultivars: relationship with pollinia ACC, pollen germination, and pollen tube growth, Funct. Plant Biol., 35, 152, 10.1071/FP07245 Ćalić, 2017, Horse chestnut pollen quality, Genetika, 49, 105, 10.2298/GENSR1701105C Prasad, 2011, Longevity and temperature response of pollen as affected by elevated growth temperature and carbon dioxide in peanut and grain sorghum, Environ. Exp. Bot., 70, 51, 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.08.004 Kuroki, 2017, Pear pollen selection using higher germination properties at low temperatures and the effect on the fruit set and quality of Japanese pear vultivars, Sci. Hortic., 216, 200, 10.1016/j.scienta.2017.01.013 Muradoglu, 2017, Response to heavy metals on pollen viability, germination and tube growth of some apple cultivars, Fresenius Environ. Bull., 26, 4456 Sato, 2000, Physiological factors limit fruit set of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under chronic, Mild heat stress, Plant Cell Environ., 23, 719, 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00589.x Ischebeck, 2016, Lipids in pollen—they are different, Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA-Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids, 1861, 1315 Narayanan, 2018, Alterations in wheat pollen lipidome during high day and night temperature stress, Plant Cell Environ., 41, 1749, 10.1111/pce.13156 Jiang, 2015, Seed Set, pollen morphology and pollen surface composition response to heat stress in field pea, Plant Cell Environ., 38, 2387, 10.1111/pce.12589 Žilić, 2014, Chemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and stability of floral maize (Zea mays L.) Pollen, J. Funct.Foods, 10, 65, 10.1016/j.jff.2014.05.007 Liu, 2006, Genetic variation in the sensitivity of anther dehiscence to drought stress in rice, Field Crop. Res., 97, 87, 10.1016/j.fcr.2005.08.019 Lukac, 2012, Asynchronous flowering and within-plant flowering diversity in wheat and the implications for crop resilience to heat, Ann. Bot., 109, 843, 10.1093/aob/mcr308 Bheemanahalli, 2019, Quantifying the impact of heat stress on pollen germination, seed set, and grain filling in spring wheat, Crop Sci., 59, 684, 10.2135/cropsci2018.05.0292 Yaxin, 2011, Pollen viability and longevity of switchgrass (L.), Crop Sci., 51 Guo, 2018, Genomic clues for crop–weed interactions and evolution, Trends Plant Sci., 23, 1102, 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.009 Yang, 2016, Genetic architecture and mechanism of seed number per pod in rapeseed: elucidated through linkage and near-isogenic line analysis, Sci. Rep., 6, 1 Zhu, 2018, The arabidopsis CrRLK1L protein kinases BUPS1 and BUPS2 are required for normal growth of pollen tubes in the pistil, Plant J., 95, 474, 10.1111/tpj.13963 Zhang, 2010, Pollen Density on the stigma affects endogenous Gibberellin Metabolism, seed and fruit set, and fruit quality in, Pyrus pyrifolia. J. Exp. Bot., 61, 4291, 10.1093/jxb/erq232 Lankinen, 2018, Variable pollen viability and effects of pollen load size on components of seed set in cultivars and feral populations of oilseed rape, PLoS One, 13, 10.1371/journal.pone.0204407 Labra, 2017, Plasticity of seed weight compensates reductions in seed number of oilseed rape in response to shading at flowering, Eur. J. Agron., 84, 113, 10.1016/j.eja.2016.12.011 Zuccherelli, 2002, S-allele characterization in self-incompatible pear (Pyrus Communis L.), Sex. Plant Reprod., 15, 153, 10.1007/s00497-002-0145-5 Chen, 2000, Peptide growth factor phytosulfokine-α contributes to the pollen population effect, Planta, 211, 752, 10.1007/s004250000370 Taylor, 1997, Pollen germination and tube growth, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 48, 461, 10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.461 Mizuta, 2018, Chemical signaling for pollen tube guidance at a glance, J. Cell Sci., 131, 10.1242/jcs.208447 Mou, 2020, Ethylene-independent signaling by the ethylene precursor ACC in Arabidopsis ovular pollen tube attraction, Nat. Commun., 11, 1, 10.1038/s41467-020-17819-9 Parrotta, 2018, Depletion of sucrose induces changes in the tip growth mechanism of tobacco pollen tubes, Ann. Bot., 122, 23, 10.1093/aob/mcy043 Okada, 2015, DNA Markers and the Molecular mechanism of self-(in) compatibility in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), Hortic. J., 10.2503/hortj.MI-IR04 Qu, 2017, PLC-mediated signaling pathway in pollen tubes regulates the gametophytic self-incompatibility of Pyrus species, Front. Plant Sci., 8, 1164, 10.3389/fpls.2017.01164 Tangmitcharoen, 1997, Pollen viability and pollen-tube growth following controlled pollination and their relation to low fruit production in teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.), Ann. Bot., 80, 401, 10.1006/anbo.1996.0440 Huck, 2003 Rottmann, 2018, Glucose Uptake via STP Transporters inhibits in vitro pollen tube growth in a HEXOKINASE1-dependent manner in Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Cell, 30, 2057, 10.1105/tpc.18.00356 Sanzol Sanz, 2002, Identification of self-incompatibility alleles in pear cultivars (Pyrus Communis L.), Euphytica, 128, 325, 10.1023/A:1021213905461 Shaheen, 2011, Sexual compatibility of LeConte pear cultivar, J. Hortic. Sci. Ornam. Plants, 3, 99 Shi, 2017, Transcriptome and phytohormone analysis reveals a ocmprehensive phytohormone and pathogen defence response in pear self-/cross-pollination, Plant Cell Rep., 36, 1785, 10.1007/s00299-017-2194-0 Stewman, 2010, Mechanistic insights from a quantitative analysis of pollen tube guidance, BMC Plant Biol., 10, 1, 10.1186/1471-2229-10-32 Wu, 2008, Pollen tube growth is affected by exogenous hormones and correlated with hormone changes in styles in Torenia Fournieri L, Plant Growth Regul., 55, 137, 10.1007/s10725-008-9268-5 Wu, 2008, IAA Stimulates pollen tube growth and mediates the modification of its wall composition and structure in Torenia Fournieri, J. Exp. Bot., 59, 2529, 10.1093/jxb/ern119 Kasahara, 2016, Pollen tube contents initiate ovule enlargement and enhance seed coat development without fertilization, Sci. Adv., 2, 10.1126/sciadv.1600554 Hamamura, 2011, Live-cell imaging reveals the dynamics of two sperm cells during double fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana, Curr. Biol., 21, 497, 10.1016/j.cub.2011.02.013 Palanivelu, 2006, Distinct Short-range ovule signals attract or repel, Arab. Thaliana Zhong, 2017, The signals to trigger the initiation of ovule enlargement are from the pollen tubes: the direct evidence, J. Integr. Plant Biol., 59, 600, 10.1111/jipb.12577 Sumalini, 2017, Prediction of double cross performance based on single and three-way crosses in maize (Zea mays), SABRAO J Breed Genet, 49, 116 Khan, 2012, Yield performance of single/double crosses and F2 progenies in maize (Zea mays L.), J. Agric. Res., 50, 469 Ghanwat, 2016, Performance of single and double cross hybrids in maize (Zea mays L.), J. Soils Crops, 26, 224 Ashakina, 2016, Performance of single, double and three-way cross hybrids in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), J. Food Agric. Environ., 14, 71