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Các tham số di truyền và tương tác gen loại với môi trường cho các đặc điểm thu hoạch ở ngao Thái Bình Dương (Crassostrea gigas)
Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Trang 1-21 - 2023
Tóm tắt
Một khía cạnh quan trọng của các chương trình chọn giống chọn lọc là liệu các đặc điểm mong muốn có phản ứng tương tự trong các môi trường khác nhau hay không. Độ lớn của tương tác gen loại với môi trường (G × E) và khả năng di truyền chịu trách nhiệm cho khía cạnh này. Các trại giống thương mại ở phía Bắc Trung Quốc cung cấp các lô giống cho các nông dân nuôi ngao hàng năm, được nuôi trồng ở nhiều khu vực khác nhau. Tuy nhiên, mức độ mà các tương tác G × E ảnh hưởng đến khả năng xác định các dòng ngao chất lượng vẫn chưa được đo lường. Vì vậy, mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là ước lượng các tham số di truyền và các tương tác G × E cho các đặc điểm thu hoạch ở C. gigas nuôi trồng tại miền Bắc Trung Quốc. Nguyên liệu ngao từ 40 gia đình hầu hết là anh-em (con của 36 con đực và 40 con cái) đã được thử nghiệm tại ba địa điểm nuôi trồng thương mại chính: Rushan, Hungdao và Rongcheng. Chúng tôi đã ghi lại chiều cao vỏ (SH), chiều dài vỏ (SL), chiều rộng vỏ (SW), trọng lượng cá thể (IW), tỷ lệ sống sót (SR), trọng lượng thịt ướt (WMW), tỷ lệ thịt (MR) và hình dạng vỏ (SS) tại thời điểm thu hoạch. So với dòng chứng, dòng được chọn cho thấy sự vượt trội cao về tỷ lệ sống sót tại ba địa điểm. Các ước lượng khả năng di truyền cho các đặc điểm thu hoạch có giá trị từ thấp đến cao ở các địa điểm khác nhau (0.55–0.75 cho SH, 0.25–0.49 cho SL, 0.20–0.33 cho SW, 0.37–0.71 cho IW, 0.10–0.12 cho SR, 0.40–0.52 cho WMW, 0.14–0.34 cho MR và 0.18–0.30 cho SS). Các tương quan di truyền giữa các đặc điểm tăng trưởng có giá trị từ trung bình đến cao và dương, dao động từ 0.52 ± 0.15 (giữa SH và SW tại Huangdao) đến 0.90 ± 0.04 (giữa SH và IW tại Rongcheng). Tuy nhiên, chúng tôi đã tìm thấy các tương quan di truyền có ý nghĩa tiêu cực giữa các đặc điểm tăng trưởng và hình dạng vỏ, một chỉ số mà cân nhắc cả các đặc điểm tăng trưởng và hình dạng vỏ nên được phát triển nhằm cải thiện cả hai cùng lúc. Vì không thể tách biệt kết quả này khỏi tương quan xác định chỉ bằng toán học, kết quả này cần được nghiên cứu thêm. Đáng chú ý, các tương quan di truyền giữa các đặc điểm tăng trưởng và tỷ lệ sống sót là thấp, dao động từ − 0.31 ± 0.17 (giữa SL và SS tại Huangdao) đến 0.14 ± 0.19 (giữa SW và SS tại Rongcheng). Các tương tác G × E được ước lượng dưới dạng các tương quan di truyền giữa cùng một đặc điểm được đo ở các con ngao khác nhau tại ba địa điểm. Các tương tác G × E từ mức trung bình được tìm thấy cho các đặc điểm tăng trưởng (0.45–0.87), các đặc điểm sản lượng thịt (0.40–0.73) và hình dạng vỏ (0.22–0.69), và tương tác G × E yếu được phát hiện cho tỷ lệ sống sót tại thời điểm thu hoạch (0.80–0.86). Nghiên cứu này tiết lộ sự xuất hiện của sự phân hạng lại gen từ yếu đến cao cho các đặc điểm thu hoạch ở C. gigas nuôi trồng tại các địa điểm thương mại khác nhau, cho thấy rằng các tương tác G × E nên được xem xét trong chương trình chọn giống ngao phục vụ nhiều địa điểm.
Từ khóa
#tương tác gen loại với môi trường #Crassostrea gigas #chọn giống #di truyền #đặc điểm thu hoạchTài liệu tham khảo
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