Genetic footprint of population diversity and genetic structure of Venturia inaequalis infecting apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

3 Biotech - Tập 13 - Trang 1-13 - 2023
Mohammad Saleem Dar1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Nakeeb-Un-Nisa Yetoo3, Bhagyshree Bhatt4, Suhail Nazir Bhat5, Heena Altaf1, Sumira Rafiqee3, Asha Nabi1, F. A. Mohiddin6, Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar7, Sheikh Mansoor8, Mehraj D. Shah2, Muntazir Mushtaq4
1Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Sopore, India
2Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, India
3Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, FoA, SKUAST-K, Sopore, India
4MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
5Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, India
6Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, SKUAST-Kashmir, Kulgam, India
7Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
8Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea

Tóm tắt

Apple scab instigated by Venturia inaequalis impels remarkable losses to apple fruit production. In an effort to comprehend the key mechanisms of evolutionary potential defining V. inaequalis population, 132 isolates of V. inaequalis from five commercial apple orchards were collected and assayed using 14 microsatellite markers. The average diversity was observed within the individuals of populations based on the Shannon-Wieners index (I) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) was average but considerably lower than expected heterozygosity (He). The genetic differentiation based on FST values was revealed as an average measure of divergence between populations and had varying proportions of gene flow and migration among themselves. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed that variance (94%) was dispersed across individuals with a significant (6%) variation between populations from different regions. To examine host specialization within the V. inaequalis population, the assignment approach based on K-means of clustering (an unsupervised machine learning approach), revealed that the clustering method supported three clusters at (K = 3) and three major clusters were also observed in Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Additionally, Nei’s genetic distance values, pairwise estimates of genetic differentiation, dendrogram using the neighbor-joining and PCoA revealed the random distribution of V. Inaequalis isolates that depicted a high proportion of genotypic diversity within populations and population genetic structure.

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