Genetic Polymorphism Among <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Isolates: Evidence of Two Distinct Human Transmission Cycles

Emerging Infectious Diseases - Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 567-573 - 1997
Michael Peng1, Lihua Xiao2, Amanda R. Freeman2, Michael J. Arrowood2, Ananías A. Escalante3, André Weltman4, Corinne Ong, William R. Mac Kenzie2, Altaf A. Lal2, Charles B. Beard2
1The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; †Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; ‡Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA; and ¶University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
2Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
3CLAS-NS: Life Sciences, School of (SOLS)
4 Pennsylvania Department of Health

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Guerrant, 1997, Cryptosporidiosis: an emerging, highly infectious threat., Emerg Infect Dis, 3, 51, 10.3201/eid0301.970106

Colford, 1996, Cryptosporidiosis among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus., Am J Epidemiol, 144, 807, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009015

MacKenzie, 1994, A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply., N Engl J Med, 331, 161, 10.1056/NEJM199407213310304

Morgan, 1995, Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and other animals using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis., Am J Trop Med Hyg, 52, 559, 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.559

Carraway, 1996, Identification of genetic heterogeneity in the Cryptosporidium parvum ribosomal repeat., Appl Environ Microbiol, 62, 712, 10.1128/aem.62.2.712-716.1996

Bonnin, 1996, Genotyping human and bovine isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a repetitive DNA sequence., FEMS Microbiol Lett, 137, 207, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08107.x

Spano, 1997, PCR-RFLP analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene discriminates between C. wrairi and C. parvum, and between C. parvum isolates of human and animal origin., FEMS Microbiol Lett, 150, 209, 10.1016/S0378-1097(97)00115-8

Arrowood, 1987, Isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts and sporozoites using discontinuous sucrose and isopycnic Percoll gradients., J Parasitol, 73, 314, 10.2307/3282084

Arrowood, 1996, Improved purification methods for calf-derived Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts using discontinuous sucrose and cesium chloride gradients., J Eukaryot Microbiol, 43, S89, 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb05015.x

Kim, 1992, Isolation, sequence and molecular karyotype analysis of the actin gene of Cryptosporidium parvum., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 50, 105, 10.1016/0166-6851(92)90248-I

Wisconsin Package [Computer program]. Version 9.0. Madison (WI): Genetics Computer Group; 1996.

Sanger, 1977, DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 74, 5463, 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463

Mead, 1991, Chronic Cryptosporidium parvum infections in congenitally immunodeficient SCID and nude mice., J Infect Dis, 163, 1297, 10.1093/infdis/163.6.1297

Arrowood, 1995, A new method for evaluating experimental cryptosporidial parasite loads using immunofluorescent flow cytometry., J Parasitol, 81, 404, 10.2307/3283822

Ong CSL, Pearce M, Eisler D, Goh SH, King AS, Bowie WR, An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Waterborne Cryptosporidium American Water Works Association. In press 1997.

Millard, 1994, An outbreak of crytposporidiosis from fresh-pressed apple cider., JAMA, 272, 1592, 10.1001/jama.272.20.1592

Beach MJ, McNeil M, Arrowood M, Kreckman L, Craig A, Donaldson K, Cryptosporidium in a water park: largest U.S. recreational waterborne outbreak [abstract]. 45th Annual Epidemic Intelligence Service Conference, Atlanta. 1996.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1996, Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis at a day camp—Florida, July-August 1995., MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 45, 442

Addiss DG, Mac Kenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Gradus MS, Blair KA, Proctor JE, Epidemiologic features and implications of the Milwaukee cryptosporidiosis outbreak. In: Betts WB, Casemore D, Fricker C, Smith H, Watkins J, editors. Protozoan parasites and water. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Royal Society of Chemistry; 1995. p. 19-25.

Awad-El-Kariem, 1995, Differentiation between human and animal strains of Cryptosporidium parvum using isoenzyme typing., Parasitology, 110, 129, 10.1017/S0031182000063885

Vasquez, 1996, Potential antifolate resistance determinants and genotypic variation in the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene from human and bovine isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 79, 153, 10.1016/0166-6851(96)02647-3

Pozio, 1992, Cryptosporidium: different behaviour in calves of isolates of human origin., Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 86, 636, 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90165-9

Hojlyng, 1985, Cryptosporidiosis in human beings is not primarily a zoonosis., J Infect, 11, 270, 10.1016/S0163-4453(85)93393-6

Robson, 1990, Polymorphism of the TRAP gene of Plasmodium falciparum., Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 242, 205, 10.1098/rspb.1990.0126

Muller, 1993, Thrombospondin related anonymous protein (TRAP) of Plasmodium falciparum in parasite-host cell interactions., Parassitologia, 35, 69

Templeton, 1997, Cloning and cross-species comparison of the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) gene from Plasmodium knowlesi, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium gallinaceum., Mol Biochem Parasitol, 84, 13, 10.1016/S0166-6851(96)02775-2