Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Structures of Four Tibet Yak Populations Using CytB Gene Sequence of Mitochondrial DNA
Tóm tắt
The yak is one of the important livestock unique to the pastoral areas of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. In this study, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of four yak populations in Tibet Naqu and Ali were assessed using mitochondrial cytochrome genes (CytB). Results showed that the full length of the CytB gene sequences of 129 yak individuals in the four populations was 1140 bp, and the average contents of T, C, A, and G were 26.3, 28.9, 31.7, and 13.1%, respectively. Twenty-one haplotypes were constructed with the full-length region of the CytB gene based on 29 single nucleotide polymorphism sites. The haplotype polymorphisms, nucleotide polymorphisms, and Tajima’s D of the four populations ranged from 0.59740 (Gaize Yak) to 0.69970 (Geji Yak), from 0.00214 (Geji Yak) to 0.00273 (Nima Yak), and from –1.4410 (Geji Yak) to –0.3370 (Gaize Yak), respectively. Specifically, the pairwise difference (FST) ranged from –0.03387 to 0.00383, indicating that the genetic divergence in these yak populations was low. The phylogeny and haplotype network analysis results implied that the four populations were mainly from two matrilineal origin linkages corresponding to two traditionally recognized matrilineal yak populations. Therefore, the genetic diversity in four yak populations with different geographical distributions was evaluated in this study to confirm the rich genetic diversity using CytB sequences. However, genetic differentiation among the populations was small. The result of this study will provide valuable theoretical basis for the diversity evaluation and conversion of domestic Tibet yaks.
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