Serena Foria1, Dario Copetti1,2,3,4, Birgit Eisenmann5,6, Gabriele Magris1,4, Michele Vidotto1, Simone Scalabrin4, R. Testolin1, G. Cipriani1, Sabine Wiedemann‐Merdinoglu7, Jochen Bogs6,8, Gabriele Di Gaspero4, Michele Morgante1,4
1Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy
2Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
3Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
4Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Via Jacopo Linussio 51, 33100 Udine, Italy
5Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg University of Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany
6State Education and Research Center of Viticulture, Horticulture and Rural Development Breitenweg 71 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße Germany
7INRA‐Université de Strasbourg 21 rue de Herrlisheim 68000 Colmar France
8Technische Hochschule Bingen 55411 Bingen am Rhein Germany
Tóm tắt
SummaryA wild grape haplotype (Rpv3‐1) confers resistance to Plasmopara viticola. We mapped the causal factor for resistance to an interval containing a TIR‐NB‐LRR (TNL) gene pair that originated 1.6–2.6 million years ago by a tandem segmental duplication. Transient coexpression of the TNL pair in Vitis vinifera leaves activated pathogen‐induced necrosis and reduced sporulation compared with control leaves. Even though transcripts of the TNL pair from the wild haplotype appear to be partially subject to nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay, mature mRNA levels in a homozygous resistant genotype were individually higher than the mRNA trace levels observed for the orthologous single‐copy TNL in sensitive genotypes. Allelic expression imbalance in a resistant heterozygote confirmed that cis‐acting regulatory variation promotes expression in the wild haplotype. The movement of transposable elements had a major impact on the generation of haplotype diversity, altering the DNA context around similar TNL coding sequences and the GC‐content in their proximal 5′‐intergenic regions. The wild and domesticated haplotypes also diverged in conserved single‐copy intergenic DNA, but the highest divergence was observed in intraspecific and not in interspecific comparisons. In this case, introgression breeding did not transgress the genetic boundaries of the domesticated species, because haplotypes present in modern varieties sometimes predate speciation events between wild and cultivated species.
