Phúc lợi dựa trên giới: Chứng cứ cắt ngang từ các hộ gia đình đô thị nghèo ở Ấn Độ

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 151 - Trang 281-308 - 2020
Sutirtha Bandyopadhyay1
1Indian Institute of Management Indore, Indore, India

Tóm tắt

Bài báo này là một phân tích về phúc lợi chủ quan của phụ nữ so với nam giới trong các hộ gia đình đô thị thu nhập thấp ở Ấn Độ. Giáo dục và việc làm là những con đường dẫn tới phúc lợi tài chính lớn hơn, điều này có thể rất quan trọng đối với các nhóm dân cư nghèo. Tuy nhiên, một trong hai yếu tố này, hoặc cả hai, có thể làm tăng ước vọng. Các chuẩn mực xã hội hạn chế quyền tự chủ của phụ nữ có thể làm giảm ảnh hưởng của giáo dục và việc làm theo cách mà điều này không xảy ra đối với nam giới. Để giải quyết giả thuyết này, bài báo sử dụng dữ liệu sơ bộ từ một cuộc khảo sát với hơn 1000 người tham gia ở các khu ổ chuột tại Delhi. Bài báo cho thấy rằng giáo dục và việc làm làm giảm phúc lợi của phụ nữ so với nam giới. Chúng tôi chỉ ra rằng những mối tương quan khác nhau theo giới tính này là bền vững trước thiên vị do biến số chưa được kiểm soát.

Từ khóa

#Phúc lợi chủ quan #phụ nữ #nam giới #hộ gia đình đô thị #giáo dục #việc làm #thu nhập thấp #chuẩn mực xã hội

Tài liệu tham khảo

Altonji, J. G., Elder, T. E., & Taber, C. R. (2005). Selection on observed and unobserved variables: Assessing the effectiveness of Catholic schools. Journal of Political Economy,113(1), 151–184. Argyle, M. (2003). 18 Causes and correlates of happiness (p. 353). Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology. Arrosa, M. L., & Gandelman, N. (2016). Happiness decomposition: Female optimism. Journal of Happiness Studies,17(2), 731–756. Asadullah, M. N., & Chaudhury, N. (2012). Subjective well-being and relative poverty in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Economic Psychology,33(5), 940–950. Asadullah, M. N., Xiao, S., & Yeoh, E. (2018). Subjective well-being in China, 2005–2010: The role of relative income, gender, and location. China Economic Review,48, 83–101. Bag, S., Seth, S., & Gupta, A. (2016). A comparative study of living conditions in slums of three metro cities in India. Leeds University Business School Working Paper (16–07). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2727005 Banerjee, A., Deaton, A., & Duflo, E. (2004). Health, health care, and economic development: Wealth, health, and health services in rural Rajasthan. The American Economic Review,94(2), 326. Banerjee, A., Pande, R., Vaidya, Y., Walton, M., & Weaver, J. (2011). Delhi’s slum-dwellers: Deprivation, preferences and political engagement among the urban poor. In International growth centre conference proceedings (growth Week 2011). Camfield, L., Choudhury, K., & Devine, J. (2009). Well-being, happiness and why relationships matter: Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Happiness Studies,10(1), 71–91. Cantril, H. (1965). The pattern of human concerns. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers, University Press. Cramm, J. M., Møller, V., & Nieboer, A. P. (2010). Improving subjective well-being of the poor in the Eastern Cape. Journal of Health Psychology,15(7), 1012–1019. Crosby, F. J. (1982). Relative deprivation and working women. New York: Oxford University Press. De Hoop, T., vanKempen, L., Linssen, R., & van Eerdewijk, A. (2014). Women’s autonomy and subjective well-being: How gender norms shape the impact of self-help groups in Odisha, India. Feminist Economics,20(3), 103–135. Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin,95(3), 542–575. Easterlin, R. A. (2001). Income and happiness: Towards a unified theory. The Economic Journal,111(473), 465–484. Easterlin, R. A. (2003). Explaining happiness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,100(19), 11176–11183. Fafchamps, M., & Shilpi, F. (2008). Subjective welfare, isolation, and relative consumption. Journal of Development Economics,86(1), 43–60. Graham, C., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2013). Gender and well-being around the world. International Journal of Happiness and Development,1(2), 212–232. Guillen-Royo, M. (2011). Reference group consumption and the subjective wellbeing of the poor in Peru. Journal of Economic Psychology,32(2), 259–272. Guillen-Royo, M., Velazco, J., & Camfield, L. (2013). Basic needs and wealth as independent determinants of happiness: An illustration from Thailand. Social Indicators Research,110(2), 517–536. Hu, F. (2013). Homeownership and subjective wellbeing in urban China: Does owning a house make you happier? Social Indicators Research,110(3), 951–971. Jung, J. H. (2014). Religious attendance, stress, and happiness in South Korea: Do gender and religious affiliation matter? Social Indicators Research,118(3), 1125–1145. Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences,107(38), 16489–16493. Kingdon, G. G., & Knight, J. (2007). Community, comparisons and subjective well-being in a divided society. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,64(1), 69–90. Klasen, S., & Pieters, J. (2015). What Explains the Stagnation of Female Labor Force Participation in Urban India? World Bank Economic Review,29(3), 449–478. Knight, J., & Gunatilaka, R. (2012). Income, aspirations and the hedonic treadmill in a poor society. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,82(1), 67–81. Knight, J., Song, L., & Gunatilaka, R. (2009). Subjective well-being and its determinants in rural China. China Economic Review,20(4), 635–649. Lalive, R., & Stutzer, A. (2010). Approval of equal rights and gender differences in well-being. Journal of Population Economics,23, 933–962. Marcus, R. (2018). The norms factor: recent research on gender, social norms, and women's economic empowerment. https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/57285/IDL-57285.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y McBride, M. (2010). Money, happiness, and aspirations: An experimental study. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,74(3), 262–276. Mencarini, L., & Sironi, M. (2010). Happiness, housework and gender inequality in Europe. European Sociological Review,28(2), 203–219. Matteucci, N., & Sabrina, V. L. (2014). Women and happiness. MPRA Paper No. 60875. Qian, Y., & Qian, Z. (2015). Work, family, and gendered happiness among married people in urban China. Social Indicators Research,121(1), 61–74. Ravallion, M., Himelein, K., & Beegle, K. (2016). Can subjective questions on economic welfare be trusted? Economic Development and Cultural Change,64(4), 697–726. Ravallion, M., & Lokshin, M. (2010). Who cares about relative deprivation? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization,73(2), 171–218. Ray, D. (2006). Aspirations, poverty, and economic change. In Understanding Poverty: Oxford University Press. Reyes-García, V., Babigumira, R., Pyhälä, A., Wunder, S., Zorondo-Rodríguez, F., & Angelsen, A. (2016). Subjective wellbeing and income: Empirical patterns in the rural developing world. Journal of Happiness Studies,17(2), 773–791. Stevenson, B., & Wolfers, J. (2009). The paradox of declining female happiness. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,1(2), 190–225. Van den Broeck, G., & Maertens, M. (2017). Does off-farm wage employment make women in rural Senegal happy? Feminist Economics,23(4), 250–275. Zhou, D., & Peng, L. (2018). The relationship between the gender gap in subjective well-being and leisure activities in China. Journal of Happiness Studies,19(7), 2139–2166. Zweig, J. S. (2015). Are women happier than men? Evidence from the Gallup World Poll. Journal of Happiness Studies,16(2), 515–541.