Thái độ về vai trò giới và lý tưởng sinh sản ở Mỹ Latinh

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 40 - Trang 1-21 - 2023
Xiana Bueno1, Ignacio Pardo2
1Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, USA
2Programa de Población, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

Tóm tắt

Dưới sự bao trùm của ‘cuộc cách mạng giới,’ các học giả đã lý thuyết rằng sự bình đẳng giới lớn hơn sẽ dẫn đến tỷ lệ sinh cao hơn ở các quốc gia có tỷ lệ sinh thấp, đặc biệt chú ý đến cách mà nam giới và phụ nữ thực hiện vai trò của họ trong lĩnh vực công cộng và riêng tư. Mối quan hệ này giữa tỷ lệ sinh và thái độ về vai trò giới đã trở thành chủ đề của những cuộc tranh luận sôi nổi ở châu Âu và nhiều xã hội phương Tây khác nhưng ít được thảo luận hơn ở các vùng khác trên thế giới. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng dữ liệu từ Chương trình Khảo sát Xã hội Quốc tế (ISSP) cho bốn quốc gia Mỹ Latinh có sẵn - Argentina, Chile, Mexico và Venezuela - để khám phá mối liên kết giữa thái độ về vai trò giới của nam giới và phụ nữ với lý tưởng sinh sản của họ. Tổng thể, kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy không chỉ những người có thái độ về vai trò giới bình đẳng hơn có số trẻ lý tưởng thấp hơn so với các cá nhân ít bình đẳng hơn, ngay cả khi kiểm soát các yếu tố xã hội nhân khẩu học và kinh tế khác, mà còn cho thấy rằng, nhìn chung, phụ nữ có lý tưởng sinh sản thấp hơn so với nam giới. Những kết quả này dẫn đến suy nghĩ rằng, nếu coi cuộc cách mạng giới là một mô hình, thì Mỹ Latinh đang trải qua giai đoạn đầu tiên của quá trình này. Tuy nhiên, chúng tôi đã tìm thấy bằng chứng cho một nhịp độ khác nhau giữa các tiểu vùng Mỹ Latinh. Chúng tôi cũng kết luận rằng phân tích này hơi nhạy cảm với các biện pháp về vai trò giới đã được sử dụng.

Từ khóa

#vai trò giới #lý tưởng sinh sản #bình đẳng giới #Mỹ Latinh #xã hội học

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