Giới tính, Quyền lực và Di cư từ Mexico

Duke University Press - Tập 52 - Trang 1573-1600 - 2015
Jenna Nobles1, Christopher McKelvey2
1Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
2Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, USA

Tóm tắt

Mô hình di cư hiện tại ở các nước đang phát triển xem các hộ gia đình như một thực thể duy nhất khi đưa ra quyết định di cư, nhằm phân tán rủi ro. Các nghiên cứu dân tộc học đã thách thức mô hình này bằng cách ghi nhận sự phân cấp giới trong các quyết định gia đình và lập luận rằng, trong nhiều bối cảnh, nam và nữ có quan điểm khác nhau về giá trị của việc di cư. Chúng tôi đánh giá những quan điểm này bằng cách sử dụng dữ liệu khảo sát theo chiều dọc từ Mexico. Chúng tôi cho thấy rằng các hộ gia đình Mexico có sự đa dạng về quyền quyết định của phụ nữ và kiểm soát tài nguyên, và sự biến đổi này dự đoán khả năng ra nước ngoài của các đối tác nam của họ sang Hoa Kỳ. Sau đó, chúng tôi sử dụng dữ liệu từ một thí nghiệm chính sách để chứng minh rằng việc tăng cường kiểm soát của phụ nữ đối với tài nguyên hộ gia đình sẽ làm giảm xác suất di cư của chồng họ. Những phát hiện của chúng tôi hỗ trợ sự hiện diện của những khác biệt giới quan trọng trong cách giá trị của di cư được nhìn nhận. Chúng cũng gợi ý rằng vai trò của phụ nữ trong những quyết định này thường bị đánh giá thấp trong các nghiên cứu về gia đình di dân. Việc ở lại cũng là một quyết định di cư, và điều này có khả năng xảy ra hơn trong những hộ gia đình có phụ nữ có quyền lực lớn hơn. Từ góc độ chính sách, các kết quả cho thấy di cư từ Mexico không chỉ bị ảnh hưởng bởi sự gia tăng tài nguyên hộ gia đình mà còn bởi việc ai kiểm soát tài nguyên đó.

Từ khóa

#di cư #quyền lực giới #quyết định di cư #tài nguyên hộ gia đình #nghiên cứu dân tộc học

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