Gender Differences in Domain-Specific Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analysis

Review of General Psychology - Tập 13 Số 1 - Trang 34-45 - 2009
Brittany Gentile1, Shelly Grabe2, Brenda Dolan‐Pascoe3, Jean M. Twenge3, Brooke E. Wells4,5, Alissa Maitino6
1Department of Psychology, University of Georgia
2Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz
3Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
4Center for HIV Educational Studies and Training (CHEST)
5National Development and Research Institutes, Inc.
6California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University

Tóm tắt

This meta-analysis examines gender differences in 10 specific domains of self-esteem across 115 studies, including 428 effect sizes and 32,486 individuals. In a mixed-effects analysis, men scored significantly higher than women on physical appearance ( d = 0.35), athletic ( d = 0.41), personal self ( d = 0.28), and self-satisfaction self-esteem ( d = 0.33). Women scored higher than men on behavioral conduct ( d = −0.17) and moral–ethical self-esteem ( d = −0.38). The gender difference in physical appearance self-esteem was significant only after 1980 and was largest among adults. No significant gender differences appeared in academic, social acceptance, family, and affect self-esteem. The results demonstrate the influence of reflected appraisals on self-esteem.

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Review of General Psychology

Tập 13 Số 1

34-45

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