Gastric and Enteral Access for Feeding in Critically Ill Patients

The purpose of this study is to review recent advancements, trends, and recommendations in gastric and enteral feeding with a focus on critically ill patients. Enteral feeding continues to serve as the mainstay for nutritional support in critically ill patients and is favored over parenteral nutrition, though recent trials suggest no substantial difference in outcomes between the two methods. Radiologic and endoscopic guidance remain the most common methods for enteral access. Additionally, recent advancements in enteral access technique and trials on best practices for timing and composition of nutritional support in critically ill patients continue to reduce complications, improve outcomes, and reduce cost. Nutritional support improves outcomes in critically ill patients, and the safe and durable establishment of enteral access is an important component in the care of these patients.