Gas Exchange and Emission of Chlorophyll Fluorescence during the Monocycle of Rust, Angular Leaf Spot and Anthracnose on Bean Leaves as a Function of their Trophic Characteristics

Journal of Phytopathology - Tập 150 Số 1 - Trang 37-47 - 2002
Renato Beozzo Bassanezi1, Lílian Amorim1, Armando Bergamin Filho1, R. D. Berger2
1Depto. de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola da Escola Superior de Agricultura `Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, C. Postal 9, Piracicaba, 13418–900, SP, Brazil,
2Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611–0680, USA

Tóm tắt

Measurements related to gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence emission were taken from healthy and diseased bean leaves with rust, angular leaf spot, and anthracnose during lesion development for each disease. The experiments were performed at different temperatures of plant incubation, and using two bean cultivars. The main effect of temperature of plant incubation was in disease development. There was no significant difference between cultivars in relation to disease development and in magnitude of physiological alterations when disease severity was the same for each cultivar. These diseases reduced the net photosynthetic rate and increased the dark respiration of infected leaves after the appearance of visible symptoms and the differences between healthy and diseased leaves increased with disease development. The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were stable during the monocycle of rust, however, these two variables decreased in leaves with angular leaf spot and anthracnose beginning with symptom appearance and continuing until lesion development was complete. Carboxylation resistance was probably the main factor related to reduction of photosynthetic rate of the apparently healthy area of leaves with rust and angular leaf spot. Reduction of the intercellular concentration of CO2, due to higher stomatal resistance, was probably the main factor for leaves with anthracnose. Chlorophyll fluorescence assessments suggested that there was no change in electron transport capacity and generation of ATP and NADPH in apparently healthy areas of diseased leaves, but decreases in chlorophyll fluorescence emission occurred on visibly lesioned areas for all diseases. Minimal fluorescence was remarkably reduced in leaves with angular leaf spot. Maximal fluorescence and optimal quantum yield of photosystem II of leaves were reduced for all three diseases. Bean rust, caused by a biotrophic pathogen, induced less damage to the regulation mechanisms of the physiological processes of the remaining green area of diseased leaves than did bean angular leaf spot or anthracnose, caused by hemibiotrophic pathogens. The magnitude of photosynthesis reduction can be related to the host–pathogen trophic relationships.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bassanezi R. B., 2000, Análise das trocas gasosas em feijoeiro com ferrugem, mancha angular e antracnose, Fitopatologia Brasileira, 25, 643

Bassanezi R. B., 2001, Eficiência fotossintética de folhas de feijoeiro infectadas com o vírus do mosaico‐em‐desenho, Uromyces appendiculatus e Phaeoisariopsis griseola, Summa Phytopathologica, 27, 5

Bassanezi R. B., 1997, Efeito da antracnose na eficiência fotossintética do feijoeiro, Fitopatologia Brasileira, 22, 520

10.1094/Phyto-81-611

10.1007/BF01974664

10.2134/agronj1980.00021962007200020001x

Daly J. M., 1961, Respiratory changes during development of rust diseases, Phytopathology, 51, 461

10.1094/Phyto-61-114

10.1007/BF01999971

Fulton N. D., 1965, A metabolic from Alternaria tenuis that inhibits chlorophyll production, Phytopathology, 55, 49

10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00259.x

Hall R.(1991): Compendium of Bean Disease. APS Press St. Paul MN.

Hall D. O. J. M. O.Scurlock H. R.Bolhàr‐Nordenkampf R. C.Leegood S. P.Long(1993): Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment: a Field and Laboratory Manual. Chapman & Hall London.

10.1104/pp.39.4.614

Livne A., 1966, Translocation in healthy and rust‐affected beans, Phytopathology, 56, 170

Lopes D. B.(1999): Photosynthetic Competence of Bean Leaves with Rust and Anthracnose. University of Florida Gainesville FL.

10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.2.212

Lucas J. A.(1998): Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogens. Blackwell Science Oxford UK.

10.1016/S0048-4059(86)80003-0

10.1094/Phyto-80-677

10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00737.x

Moll S., 1995, In vivo chlorophyll fluorescence in rust‐infected bean plants, Angewandte Bot., 69, 163

O'Connell R. S. B. Perfect R. Hughes J.Carzaniga J.Bailey(Green. (2000):Dissecting the cell biology ofColletotrichuminfection processes. In: Prusky D. S. Freeman M. B. Dickman (eds) Colletotrichum Host Specificity Pathology and Host–pathogen Interaction pp. 57–77. APS Press St. Paul MN.

10.1016/S0048-4059(81)80056-2

10.1104/pp.108.1.163

10.1016/0048-4059(78)90080-2

10.1016/S0885-5765(88)80023-7

10.1111/j.1439-0434.1998.tb04681.x

10.1016/0048-4059(85)90050-5

Scholes J. D., 1995, How do biotrophic pathogens affect the photosynthetic metabolism of their hosts?, Aspects Appl. Biol., 42, 91

10.1094/Phyto-82-760

Smedegaard‐Petersen V.(1984):The role of respiration and energy generation in diseased and disease‐resistant plants. In: Wood R. K. S. J. G. Jellis (eds) Plant Diseases: Infection Damage and Loss pp. 73–85. Blackwell Scientific Oxford UK.

Stangarlin J. R., 2000, Atividades de ribulose‐1,5‐bifosfato carboxilase‐oxigenase (rubisco), clorofilase, β‐1,3‐glucanase e quitinase e conteúdo de clorofila em cultivares de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) infectados com Uromyces appendiculatus, Summa Phytopathologica, 26, 34

Stangarlin J. R., 2000, Efeito de Phaeoisariopsis griseola na atividade de ribulose‐1,5‐bifosfato carboxilase‐oxigenase, clorofilase, β‐1,3‐glucanase e quitinase em cultivares de Phaseolus vulgaris, Fitopatologia Brasileira, 25, 59

10.1094/Phyto-74-77

10.1111/j.1439-0434.1995.tb00214.x

10.1016/0885-5765(89)90067-2

Wong P. Y. O., 1978, Effect of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum on photosynthesis and respiration of Vigna sesquipedalis, J. Plant Path., 92, 88

Wong P. Y. O., 1978, Sugar metabolism and translocation in Vigna sesquipedalis infected by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, J. Plant Path., 92, 102

10.1006/pmpp.1995.1056

Zaki A. I., 1965, The effect of bean rust on the translocation of photosynthetic products from diseased leaves, Phytopathology, 55, 528