Gamma Radiation Processed Polymeric Materials for High Performance Applications: A Review

Amol Tarachand Naikwadi1, Bhuwanesh Kumar Sharma2, Keyur Bhatt2, Prakash A. Mahanwar1
1Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, MUIS, Ganpat University, Mehsana, India

Tóm tắt

The polymeric properties are tailored and enhanced by high energy radiation processing, which is an effective technique to tune the physical, chemical, thermal, surface, and structural properties of the various thermoplastic and elastomeric polymeric components. The gamma and electron beam radiation are the most frequent radiation techniques used for crosslinking, compatibilizing, and grafting of various polymer blends and composites systems. The gamma radiation-induced grafting and crosslinking are the effective, rapid, clean, user-friendly, and well-controlled techniques for the polymeric materials for their properties improvement for high performance applications such as nuclear, automobile, electrical insulation, ink curing, surface modification, food packaging, medical, sterilization, and health-care in a different environment. Similarly, electron beam radiations crosslinking has been a well-known technique for properties development and has economic benefits over chemical crosslinking techniques. This review focuses on the development of polymeric multi component systems (functionalized polymer, blends, and nanohybrids), where partially nanoscale clay incorporation can achieve the desired properties, and partially by controlled high energy radiations crosslinking of blends and nanocomposites. In this review, various investigations have been studied on the development and modifications of polymeric systems, and controlled dose gamma radiation processed the polymer blends and clay-induced composites. Radiation induced grafting of the various monomers on the polymer backbone has been focused. Similarly, comparative studies of gamma and electron beam radiation and their effect on property devlopment have been focused. The high energy radiation modified polymers have been used in several high performance sectors, including automotive, wire and cable insulation, heat shrinkable tube, sterilization, biomedical, nuclear and space applications.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abdel-Aziz, 1992, Effect of Gamma Radiation on EPDM/LDPE Blends, J. Elastomers Plastics, 24, 178, 10.1177/009524439202400303

Al Naim, 2017, Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of PVC/ZnO Polymer Nanocomposite, J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., 10, 165, 10.1016/j.jrras.2017.03.004

Albano, 2002, Analysis of the Mechanical, thermal and Morphological Behaviour of Polypropylene Compounds with Sisal Fibre and wood Flour, Irradiated with Gamma Rays, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 76, 191, 10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00014-9

Albano, 2010, Effects of Gamma Radiation in Polymer Blends, in composites with micro and nano fillers and in functionalized polyolefins, Rev. Latin Am. Metal Mater., 30

Ashfaq, 2020, Polymerization Reactions and Modifications of Polymers by Ionizing Radiation, Polymers, 12, 2877, 10.3390/polym12122877

Ashok, 2017, EPDM-chlorobutyl Rubber Blends in γ-radiation and Hydrocarbon Environment: Mechanical, Transport, and Ageing Behavior, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 134, 45195, 10.1002/app.45195

Bakhsh, , Gamma-Ray Modified Polymer/Clay Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formulation Optimization Using Multivariate Calculus and Graph Theory, Energies, 14, 2724, 10.3390/en14092724

Bakhsh, , Gamma-Ray Modified Polymer/Clay Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Formulation Optimization Using Multivariate Calculus and Graph Theory, Energies, 14, 2724, 10.3390/en14092724

Bhattacharya, 2004, Grafting: a Versatile Means to Modify polymersTechniques, Factors and Applications, Prog. Polym. Sci., 29, 767, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2004.05.002

Bhattacharya, 2000, Radiation and Industrial Polymers, Prog. Polym. Sci., 25, 371, 10.1016/S0079-6700(00)00009-5

Botros, 2002, Preparation and Characteristics of NR/EPDM Rubber Blends, Polymer-Plastics Tech. Eng., 41, 341, 10.1081/PPT-120002572

Cao, 2011, Compatibilization of Immiscible Polymer Blends Using Graphene Oxide Sheets, ACS Nano, 5, 5920, 10.1021/nn201717a

Carianni, 1998, Radiation Grafting Functionalization of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) to Compatibilize its Blends with Polyolefin Lonomers, Polym. Eng. Sci., 38

Charlesby, 1967, Radiation Mechanisms in Polymers, 1, 10.1021/ba-1967-0066.ch001

Choi, 2009, Comparison of Gamma ray and Electron Beam Irradiations on the Degradation of Carboxymethylcellulose, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 26, 1825, 10.1007/s11814-009-0279-3

Chowdhury, 2011, Molecular-scale Design of a High Performance Organic-Inorganic Hybrid with the Help of Gamma Radiation, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 6999, 10.1039/c1jm10943j

Chowdhury, 2011, Molecular-scale Design of a High Performance Organic-Inorganic Hybrid with the Help of Gamma Radiation, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 6999, 10.1039/c1jm10943j

Chowdhury, 2015, Tensile, Flexural and Morphological Properties of Electron Beam-Crosslinked LDPE-EPDM Blends, Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 44, 440, 10.1080/14658011.2015.1110877

Cleland, 2020, Radiation Curing of Composites for Vehicle Components and Vehicle Manufacture, 1

Cleland, 2003, Applications for Radiation Processing of Materials, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. Section B: Beam Interactions Mater. Atoms, 208, 66, 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)00655-4

Clough, 2022, Irradiation of Polymers

Clough, 2001, High-energy Radiation and Polymers: A Review of Commercial Processes and Emerging Applications, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. Section B: Beam Interactions Mater. Atoms, 185, 8, 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00966-1

Cota, 2007, Changes in Mechanical Properties Due to Gamma Irradiation of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 24, 259, 10.1590/S0104-66322007000200010

Covas, 2011, Polymer Blend Compatibilization by Copolymers and Functional Polymers, 315

Dahlan, 1994, Introduction to Radiation Chemistry of Polymer, Natl. Semin. Appl. Electron. Accel., 28, 16

Darwis, 2015, Radiation Processing of Polymers for Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications, Macromol. Symp., 353, 15, 10.1002/masy.201550302

Davenas, 2002, Stability of Polymers under Ionising Radiation: The many Faces of Radiation Interactions with Polymers, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. Section B: Beam Interactions Mater. Atoms, 191, 653, 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00628-6

Dawes, 2022, The Effects of Electron Beam and G -Irradiation on Polymeric Materials

Dawes, 2007, The Effects of Electron Beam and g-Irradiation on Polymeric Materials, Phys. Propert. Polym. Handbook, 867, 10.1007/978-0-387-69002-5_52

Deepalaxmi, , Gamma and Electron Beam Irradiation Effects on SiR-EPDM Blends, J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., 7, 363, 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.05.005

Deepalaxmi, , Gamma and Electron Beam Irradiation Effects on SiR-EPDM Blends, J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci., 7, 363, 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.05.005

Dharmarajan, 1995, Compatibilized Polymer Blends of Isotactic Polypropylene and Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer, Polymer, 36, 3849, 10.1016/0032-3861(95)99779-T

El-ashhab, 2013, The Influence of Gamma Irradiation on the Intrinsic Properties of Cellulose Acetate Polymers, J. Assoc. Arab Universities Basic Appl. Sci., 14, 46, 10.1016/j.jaubas.2012.12.001

Elshereafy, 2012, Gamma Radiation Curing of Nitrile Rubber/high Density Polyethylene Blends, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 293, 941, 10.1007/s10967-012-1801-3

ErizalAbbas, 2015, Synthesis and Characterization Superabsorbent Hydrogels of Partially Neutralized Acrylic Acid Prepared Using Gamma Irradiation; Swelling and Thermal Behavior, Indones. J. Chem., 15, 281, 10.22146/ijc.21197

Fel, 2016, Comparative Study of Gamma-Irradiated PP and PE Polyolefins Part 2: Properties of PP/PE Blends Obtained by Reactive Processing with Radicals Obtained by High Shear or Gamma-Irradiation, Polymer, 82, 217, 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.070

Ferreira, 2005, Modification of LDPE Molecular Structure by Gamma Irradiation for Bioapplications, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. Section B: Beam Interactions Mater. Atoms, 236, 513, 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.04.030

Fifield, 2021, Direct Comparison of Gamma, Electron Beam and X-ray Irradiation Doses on Characteristics of Low-Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene Homopolymer, Polyolefin Elastomer and Chlorobutyl Rubber Medical Device Polymers, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 186, 109505, 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109505

Fu, 2020, Radiation Induced Surface Modification of Nanoparticles and Their Dispersion in the Polymer Matrix, 10.3390/nano10112237

Gargan, 1990, Pre-irradiation Grafting of Hydrophilic Monomers onto Polyethylene-I. The Influence of Homopolymerisation Inhibitors, Int. J. Radiat. Appl. Instrumentation. C. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 36, 757, 10.1016/1359-0197(90)90174-g

Gueven, 2004, An Overview of Current Developments in Applied Radiation Chemistry of Polymers, Adv. Radiat. Chem. Polym. Iaea-tecdoc-, 1420, 33

Hama, 2010, Relationship between Energy Profile and Chemical Structural Change in Polymers Irradiated by Ion-Beam

Hassan, 2014, Synergistic Effect of Gamma Radiation and Peroxide on Dynamic Vulcanization of Thermoplastic Vulcanizes Based on (Devulcanized Rubber)/Polypropylene, J. Vinyl Addit. Technol., 20, 10.1002/vnl10.1002/vnl.21364

Hazarika, 2012, 160MeV Ni12+ Ion Irradiation Effects on the Dielectric Properties of Polyaniline Nanotubes, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. Section B: Beam Interactions Mater. Atoms, 288, 74, 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.06.026

Keizo Makuuchi, 2012, Industrial Applications Radiation Processing of Polymer Materials and its Industrial

Kim, 2002, Enhancement of Interfacial Adhesion between Polypropylene and Nylon 6: Effect of Surface Functionalization by Low-Energy Ion-Beam Irradiation, Macromolecules, 35, 1267, 10.1021/ma0108259

Klinshpont, 1994, Radiation Resistance of Polymer Materials, At. Energy, 76, 384, 10.1007/BF02407450

Kornacka, 2014, Functionalization of Polymer Surfaces by Radiation-Induced Grafting for Separation of Heavy Metal Ions, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 94, 115, 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.05.047

Kudoh, 1996, High-Energy Ion Irradiation Effects on Polymer Materials, ACS Symp. Ser., 620, 2, 10.1021/bk-1996-0620.ch001

Lawton, 1954, Properties of Irradiated Polyethylene, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1703, 10.1021/ie50536a050

Mahendra, 2019, The Influence of Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Polymers as Compatibilizer on the Properties of Polypropylene and Cyclic Natural Rubber Blends, J. Polym. Res., 26, 10.1007/s10965-019-1878-2

Mira, 2017, Poly(methyl Vinyl Ether-Alt-Maleic Acid) and Ethyl Monoester as Building Polymers for Drug-Loadable Electrospun Nanofibers, Sci. Rep., 7, 1, 10.1038/s41598-017-17542-4

Mohd Zaini, 2022, Effect of Gamma Irraditation on the Properties of Sepiolite-Filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Composites

More, 2021, Polymeric Composite Materials for Radiation Shielding: a Review, Environ. Chem. Lett., 19, 2057, 10.1007/s10311-021-01189-9

Moustafa, 2016, Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Properties of Natural Rubber/styrene Butadiene Rubber Blends, Arabian J. Chem., 9, S124, 10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.02.020

Muhammad, 2021, Applications of Sustainable Polymer Composites in Automobile and Aerospace Industry, 185, 10.1016/b978-0-12-820338-5.00008-4

Pino-Ramos, 2016, Radiation Grafting for the Functionalization and Development of Smart Polymeric Materials, Top. Curr. Chem. (Z), 374, 10.1007/s41061-016-0063-x

PleşaAccessReview, 2016, Properties of Polymer Composites Used in High-Voltage Applications, Polymers, 8, 173, 10.3390/polym8050173

Plummer, 2019, A Direct Functionalization of Polyolefins for Blend Compatibilization by an Insertion of 1,1-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene (BPSE), Polym. Chem., 10, 3325, 10.1039/c9py00599d

2000, Emerging Industrial Applications, Radiat. Technol. Emerg. Ind. Appl., 6

Ray Chowdhury, 2016, Vinyl Acetate Content and Electron Beam Irradiation Directed Alteration of Structure, Morphology, and Associated Properties of EVA/EPDM Blends, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 133, a, 10.1002/app.43468

Reichmanis, 1993, Radiation Effects on Polymeric Materials, 1, 10.1021/bk-1993-0527.ch001

Retsos, 2004, Interfacial Tension in Binary Polymer Blends in the Presence of Block Copolymers. 2. Effects of Additive Architecture and Composition, Macromolecules, 37, 524, 10.1021/ma035463e

Rosiak, 1995, Radiation Formation of Hydrogels for Biomedical Purposes. Some Remarks and Comments, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 46, 161, 10.1016/0969-806x(95)00007-k

Rouif, 2005, Radiation Cross-Linked Polymers: Recent Developments and New Applications, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. Section B: Beam Interactions Mater. Atoms, 236, 68, 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.252

Salem, 2003, Study of the Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Carbon Black Loaded Low-Density Polyethylene Films, J. Polymer Mater., 35, 361

Sammler, 1992, Compatibility of High Polymers Probed by Interfacial Tension, Rheola Acta, 31, 554, 10.1007/BF00367010

Senna, 2010, Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Structure–Property Behavior of Blends Based on Low Density Polyethylene and Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene- Styrene-Block Copolymers, J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 116, 2658, 10.1002/app

Shalaby, 1996, Irradiation of Polymers: Fundamentals and Technological Applications

Sharma, 2018, Gamma Radiation Aging of EVA/EPDM Blends: Effect of Vinyl Acetate (VA) Content and Radiation Dose on the Alteration in Mechanical, thermal, and Morphological Behavior, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 135, 46216, 10.1002/app.46216

Shinyama, 2018, Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on Electrical Insulating Properties of PLA with Soft Resin Added †, Polymers, 10, 898, 10.3390/polym10080898

Sharma, 2017, ENGAGE Compatibilized HDPE/EPDM Blends: Modification of Some Industrially Pertinent Properties and Morphology upon Incorporation of Mg(OH)2filler and Electron Beam Crosslinked Network, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 134, 10.1002/app.44922

Singh, 2001, Irradiation of Polymer Blends Containing a Polyolefin, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 60, 453, 10.1016/S0969-806X(00)00418-7

Singh, 2010, Radiation Induced Modification of Dielectric and Structural Properties of Cu/PMMA Polymer Composites, J. Non-Crystalline Sol., 356, 856, 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.01.006

Sirkar, 1992, Membrane Handbook, Membrane Handbook

Smirnov, 2009, The Effect of Gamma-Radiation on Polymer Composites Based on Thermoplastic Matrices, High Energ. Chem, 43, 449, 10.1134/S001814390906006X

Smith, 2001, On the Similarity of Macromolecular Responses to High-Energy Processes: Mechanical Milling vs. Irradiation, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 72, 519, 10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00055-6

Sonnier, 2007, Polyethylene/ground Tyre Rubber Blends: Influence of Particle Morphology and Oxidation on Mechanical Properties, Polym. Test., 26, 274, 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.10.011

Sonnier, 2021, Reactive Compatibilization of Polymer Blends by γ -irradiation : Influence of the Order of Processing Steps to Cite This Version : HAL Id : Hal-00458686 Reactive Compatibilization of Polymer Blends by C -Irradiation : Influence of the Order of Processing

Sonnier, 2016, ModiŠcation of Polymer Blends by E-Beam and γ-Irradiation, Funct. Polym. Blends Synth. Prop. Perform., 274, 10.1201/b11799-13

Souza, 2002, Influence of Coalescence and Interfacial Tension on the Morphology of Pp/hdpe Compatibilized Blends, Polymer, 43, 3959, 10.1016/S0032-3861(02)00223-9

Sun, 1994, Modification of Polytetrafluoroethylene by, 44

Tamada, 2010, Radiation Processing of Polymers and its Applications, Charg. Part. Phot. Interact. Matter Recent Adv. Appl. Inter., 737, 10.1201/b1038910.1201/b10389-28

Tarawneh, 2021, Gamma Irradiation Influence on Mechanical, thermal and Conductivity Properties of Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes/montmorillonite Nanocomposites, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 179, 109168, 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109168

Tayel, 2015, Modifications Induced by Gamma Irradiation to Makrofol Polymer Nuclear Track Detector, J. Adv. Res., 6, 219, 10.1016/j.jare.2014.01.005

Walo, 2022, Radiation-Induced Grafting, 16

White, 2013, An Overview of Basic Radiation Effects on Polymers an Overview, 1

Wündrich, 1984, A Review of Radiation Resistance for Plastic and Elastomeric Materials, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 24, 503, 10.1016/0146-5724(84)90185-7