Gambling and the Older Chinese in Canada
Tóm tắt
In Canada, there is a lack of research on gambling among the older adults from ethnic minority groups, especially the older Chinese. In this study, two research questions were used to examine gambling among the older Chinese: (1) What is the pattern of gambling among the older Chinese in Canada? (2) What are the predictors associated with gambling among the older Chinese in Canada? The data for this study were collected as part of a multi-site study on health and well-being of 2272 older Chinese in Canada. Four main questions related to gambling were used in this study. Among the 2257 participants who answered the questions on gambling, 26.6% of them reported that they gambled. Results of the hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that being male, having lived in Canada longer, having a higher level of social support, having more service barriers, and having a stronger level of Chinese ethnic identity would increase the probability for an older Chinese to participate in gambling. Conversely, having a post-secondary and above level of education and having a higher level of life satisfaction would reduce one’s probability of gambling. Although city of residency was also significant in predicting gambling, further analysis showed that its effect was actually caused by other factors including services barriers, social support, life satisfaction, Chinese ethnic identity, and education.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Abbott M., Volberg M., (1994). Gambling and pathological gambling: Growth industry and growth pathology of the 1990sCommunity Mental Health in New Zealand 9(2): 22–31
Azmier J. J., (2000). Canadian gambling behaviour and attitudes: Summary report. Calgary, AB: Canada West Foundation
Bazargan M., Bazargan S., Akanda M., (2001). Gambling habits among aged African AmericansClinical Gerontologist 22(3/4): 51–62
Blaszczynski A. P., Huynh S., Dumlao V. J., Farrell E., (1998). Problem gambling within a Chinese speaking communityJournal of Gambling Studies 14(4): 359–380
Blaszczynski A. P., McConaghy N., (1989). The medical model of pathological gambling: Current shortcomingsJournal of Gambling Behavior 5(1): 42–52
Cuadrado M., (1999). A comparison of Hispanic and Anglo calls to a gambling help hotlineJournal of Gambling Studies 15(1): 71–81
Dickerson M. G., Baron E., Hong S.-M., Cottrell D., (1996). Estimating the extent and degree of gambling related problems in the Australian population: A national surveyJounal of Gambling Studies 12(2): 161–178
Griffiths M., (1996). Pathological gambling: A review of the literatureJournal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing 3(6): 347–353
Griffiths, M., & Delfabbro, P. (2001). The biopsychosocial approach to gambling: contextual factors in research and clinical interventions. eGambling: The Electronic Journal of Gambling Issues, 5. Available at: http://www.camh.net/egambling/issue5/feature/index.html. Accessed June 24, 2003
Hirsch P., (2000). Seniors and gambling: Exploring the issues. Summary report. AB: Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) Service Monitoring and Research
Korn D. A., Shaffer H. J., (1999). Gambling and the health of the public: adopting a public health perspectiveJounal of Gambling Studies 15(4): 289–365
Lai D. W. L., Tsang K. T., Chappell N. L., Lai D. C. Y., Chau S. B. Y., (2003). Health and well being of older Chinese in Canada. Calgary, AB: The University of Calgary
Lauderdale D. S., Kestenbaum B., (2000). Asian American ethnic identification by surnamePopulation Research and Policy Review 19: 283–300
Lesieur H., Blumes S. B., (1987). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblersAmerican Journal of Psychiatry 144(9): 1184–1188
Marshall K., (1998). The gambling industry: Raising the stakesPerspectives on Labour and Income 10(4): 7–11
McNeilly D. P., Burke W. J., (2000). Late life gambling: The attitudes and behaviors of older adultsJournal of Gambling Studies 16(4): 393–415
McNeilly D. P., Burke W. J., (2002). Disposable time and disposable income: Problem casino gambling behavior in older adultsJournal of Clinical Geropsychology 8(2): 75–85
Minnesota Department of Human Services Gambling Program (1997). Gambling among older Minnesotans. Minnesota: Department of Human Services Gambling Program
Moore T. L., (2001). Older adult gambling in Oregon: An epidemiological survey. Salem, OR: Oregon Gambling Addiction Treatment Foundation
Neighbours C., Lostutter T. W., Cronce J. M., Larimer M. E., (2002). Exploring college student gambling motivationJournal of Gambling Studies 18(4): 361–370
Petry N. M., (2002). A comparison of young, middle-aged, and older adult treatment-seeking pathological gamblersGerontologist 42(1): 92–99
Pfeiffer E., (1975). Multidimensional functional assessment. The OARS methodology. Durham, NC: Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development
Rosenwaike I., (1994). Surname analysis as a means of estimating minority elderly: An application using Asian surnamesResearch on Aging 16(2): 212–227
Schellinck T., Schrans T., Walsh G., Grace J., (2002). 2002 Seniors survey—prevalence of substance use and gambling among New Brunswick adults aged 55+. New Brunswick: Department of Health and Wellness
Statistics Canada. (2002). Profile of the Canadian population by age and sex: Canada ages. Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada. Available at: http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/age/canada.cfm Accessed April 2, 2003
Statistics Canada. (2003). Canada’s ethnocultural portrait: The changing mosaic. Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada. Available at: http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/Ethnicity/Index.cfm Accessed February 10, 2003
Stitt B. G., Giacopassi D., Nichols M., (2003). Gambling among older adults: a comparative analysisExperimental Aging Research 29(2): 189–203
Tjam E. Y., (2001). How to find Chinese research participants: Use of a phonologically based surname search methodCanadian Journal of Public Health 92(2): 138–42
Tsai D. T., Lopez R. A., (1997). The use of social supports by elderly Chinese immigrantsJournal of Gerontological Social Work 29(1): 77–94
Wiebe J., (2002). Gambling behaviour factors and associated with problem gambling among older adults. Winnipeg, MB: Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba
Wynne Resources Ltd. (1994). Gambling and problem gambling in Alberta: Final report. Alberta: Alberta Lotteries and Gambling