Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCA): Safety overview after 3 decades of clinical experience

Debatin, 1991, Selective use of low-osmolar contrast media, Invest Radiol, 26, 17, 10.1097/00004424-199101000-00004 Bleicher, 2008, Assessment of adverse reaction rates to a newly approved MRI contrast agent: review of 23,553 administrations of gadobenate dimeglumine, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 191, W307, 10.2214/AJR.07.3951 Murphy, 1996, Adverse reactions to gadolinium contrast media: a review of 36 cases, Am J Roentgenol, 167, 847, 10.2214/ajr.167.4.8819369 Nelson, 1995, Clinical safety of gadopentetate dimeglumine, Radiology, 196, 439, 10.1148/radiology.196.2.7617858 Li, 2006, Acute adverse reactions to magnetic resonance contrast media--gadolinium chelates, Br J Radiol, 79, 368, 10.1259/bjr/88469693 Hieronim, 1995, Dosage of gadoteridol and adverse reactions relative to gadopentetate, Am J Health Syst Pharm, 52, 2556, 10.1093/ajhp/52.22.2556 Runge, 2000, Safety of approved MR contrast media for intravenous injection, J Magn Reson Imaging, 12, 205, 10.1002/1522-2586(200008)12:2<205::AID-JMRI1>3.0.CO;2-P Grobner, 2006, Gadolinium--a specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis?, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 21, 1104, 10.1093/ndt/gfk062 Cowper, 2000, Scleromyxoedema-like cutaneous diseases in renal-dialysis patients, Lancet, 356, 1000, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02694-5 Cowper, 2001, Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy, Am J Dermatopathol, 23, 383, 10.1097/00000372-200110000-00001 LeBoit, 2003, What nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy might be, Arch Dermatol, 139, 928, 10.1001/archderm.139.7.928 Kanda, 2014, High signal intensity in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images: relationship with increasing cumulative dose of a gadolinium-based contrast material, Radiology, 270, 834, 10.1148/radiol.13131669 McDonald, 2015, Intracranial Gadolinium Deposition after Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging, Radiology, 275, 772, 10.1148/radiol.15150025 Errante, 2014, Progressive increase of T1 signal intensity of the dentate nucleus on unenhanced magnetic resonance images is associated with cumulative doses of intravenously administered gadodiamide in patients with normal renal function, suggesting dechelation, Invest Radiol, 49, 685, 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000072 Kanda, 2015, High Signal Intensity in Dentate Nucleus on Unenhanced T1-weighted MR Images: Association with Linear versus Macrocyclic Gadolinium Chelate Administration, Radiology, 275, 803, 10.1148/radiol.14140364 Radbruch, 2015, Gadolinium retention in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus is dependent on the class of contrast agent, Radiology, 275, 783, 10.1148/radiol.2015150337 Ramalho, 2015, High Signal Intensity in Globus Pallidus and Dentate Nucleus on Unenhanced T1-weighted MR Images: Evaluation of Two Linear Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents, Radiology, 276, 836, 10.1148/radiol.2015150872 Weberling, 2015, Increased Signal Intensity in the Dentate Nucleus on Unenhanced T1-Weighted Images After Gadobenate Dimeglumine Administration, Invest Radiol, 50, 743, 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000206 Robert, 2016, Linear Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents Are Associated With Brain Gadolinium Retention in Healthy Rats, Invest Radiol, 51, 73, 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000241 Stojanov, 2016, Eur Radiol, 26, 807, 10.1007/s00330-015-3879-9 Cao, 2016, Signal Change in the Dentate Nucleus on T1-Weighted MR Images After Multiple Administrations of Gadopentetate Dimeglumine Versus Gadobutrol, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 206, 414, 10.2214/AJR.15.15327 Radbruch, 2015, High-Signal Intensity in the Dentate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus on Unenhanced T1-Weighted Images: Evaluation of the Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Gadobutrol, Invest Radiol, 50, 805, 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000227 Murata, 2016, Macrocyclic and Other Non-Group 1 Gadolinium Contrast Agents Deposit Low Levels of Gadolinium in Brain and Bone Tissue: Preliminary Results From 9 Patients With Normal Renal Function, Invest Radiol, 51, 447, 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000252 Gibby, 2004, Comparison of Gd DTPA-BMA (Omniscan) versus Gd HP-DO3A (ProHance) retention in human bone tissue by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, Invest Radiol, 39, 138, 10.1097/01.rli.0000112789.57341.01 White, 2006, Comparison of Gd(DTPA-BMA) (Omniscan) versus Gd(HP-DO3A) (ProHance) relative to gadolinium retention in human bone tissue by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, Invest Radiol, 41, 272, 10.1097/01.rli.0000186569.32408.95 Roberts, 2016, High Levels of Gadolinium Deposition in the Skin of a Patient With Normal Renal Function, Invest Radiol, 51, 280, 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000266 Sanyal, 2011, Multiorgan gadolinium (Gd) deposition and fibrosis in a patient with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis--an autopsy-based review, Nephrol Dial Transplant, 26, 3616, 10.1093/ndt/gfr085 Xia, 2010, Gadolinium released from MR contrast agents is deposited in brain tumors: in situ demonstration using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Acta Radiol, 51, 1126, 10.3109/02841851.2010.515614 Birka, 2015, Diagnosis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis by means of elemental bioimaging and speciation analysis, Anal Chem, 87, 3321, 10.1021/ac504488k Gathings, 2015, Gadolinium-associated plaques: a new, distinctive clinical entity, JAMA Dermatol, 151, 316, 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.2660 Bau, 1996, Anthropogenic origin of positive gadolinium anomlaies in river waters, Earth Planet Sci Lett, 143, 245, 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00127-6 Telgmann, 2012, Speciation and isotope dilution analysis of gadolinium-based contrast agents in wastewater, Environ Sci Technol, 46, 11929, 10.1021/es301981z Tepe, 2014, High-technology metals as emerging contaminants: Strong increase of anthropogenic gadolinium levels in tap water of Berlin, Germany, from 2009 to 2012, Applied Geochem, 45, 191, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.04.006