Biofilm nấm-khuẩn trung gian khử độc kim loại nặng trong rễ

A. P. Henagamage1, C. M. Peries1, G. Seneviratne2
1Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka
2National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka

Tóm tắt

Ô nhiễm kim loại nặng do sử dụng quá mức phân bón hóa học (CF) gây ra thiệt hại lớn cho môi trường. Biofilm vi sinh vật, gắn chặt với vùng rễ, có khả năng khôi phục đất bị ô nhiễm kim loại nặng bằng cách giảm độc tính cho thực vật. Do đó, nghiên cứu này được thực hiện để kiểm tra hiệu quả khử độc của biofilm vi sinh vật đối với kim loại nặng bị ô nhiễm. Nấm và vi khuẩn được phân lập từ đất đã được sàng lọc để đánh giá khả năng chịu đựng của chúng với các ion Cd2+, Pb2+ và Zn2+. Ba chủng vi khuẩn và hai chủng nấm được chọn dựa trên tỷ lệ chỉ số chịu đựng (TI). Biofilm nấm-khuẩn (FBBs) đã được phát triển với các chủng vi sinh vật chịu đựng tốt nhất và tiếp tục được sàng lọc về khả năng khôi phục của chúng đối với kim loại nặng. Biofilm tốt nhất đã được đánh giá về khả năng khôi phục rễ với các sự kết hợp CF khác nhau thông qua một thí nghiệm trong chậu được tiến hành trong điều kiện nhà kính với khoai tây. Có sự khác biệt đáng kể (P < 0.05), tỷ lệ loại bỏ kim loại cao nhất được quan sát ở biofilm Trichoderma harzianum và Bacillus subtilis trong điều kiện in situ. So với 100% CF được khuyến nghị, biofilm với 50% CF được khuyến nghị (50CB) đã giảm đáng kể (P < 0.05) nồng độ Pb2+ có sẵn trong đất xuống 77%, Cd2+ 78% và Zn2+ 62%. So với nồng độ kim loại ban đầu trong đất, các giá trị tương ứng đã giảm 73%, 76% và 57% đối với Pb2+, Cd2+, và Zn2+. Ngoài ra, điều trị 50CB cũng đã làm giảm đáng kể (P < 0.05) sự xâm nhập của kim loại vào mô củ so với 100C. Do đó, chức năng của FBB phát triển với T. harzianum–B. subtilis có thể được sử dụng như một giải pháp tiềm năng để khôi phục đất bị ô nhiễm bởi các chất ô nhiễm kim loại Pb2+, Cd2+, và Zn2+.

Từ khóa

#kim loại nặng #biofilm vi sinh vật #khôi phục môi trường #nấm #vi khuẩn #ô nhiễm đất

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