Functions of interleukin-4 on human B lymphocytes
Tóm tắt
In vitro studies have demonstrated that IL-4 can either enhance or inhibit the proliferation of human B cells depending on their mode of activation and the nature of the calls and/or cytokines in the immediate environment. Of these in vitro effects, it is now clear from in vivo studies in mice, that IL-4 plays a key role in the production of IgE [15]. It is, however, not yet determined whether IL-4 plays any role in vivo in the antigen-dependent clonal expansion of B cells. Our demonstration of the crucial role of cross-linking of the CD40 antigen in the proliferation and differentiation of human B lymphocytes leads us to question the role of this antigen. Recent studies have demonstrated this antigen to be homologous to the nerve growth factor receptor [16] and the two receptors for TNF [17–19]. It is therefore tempting to speculate that the CD40 antigen may either be the receptor for a cytokine or the ligand for a membrane counterstructure expressed on cells interacting with B cells.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Paul WE, Ohara J: B-cell stimulatory factor-1 interleukin 4. Annu Rev Immunol 1987;5:429–459.
Yokota T, Arai N, de Vries JE, Spits H, Banchereau J, Zlotnick A, Rennick D, Howard M, Takebe Y, Miyatake S, Lee F, Arai KI: Molecular biology of interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 genes and biology of their products that stimulate B cells, T cells and hemopoietic cells. Immunol Rev 1988;102:137–187.
Banchereau J: Interleukin 4; in Thomson AW (ed): Immunology and Molecular Biology of Cytokines. London, Academic Press, in press.
Defrance T, Vanbervliet B, Aubry JP, Takebe Y, Arai N, Miyajima A, Yokota T, Lee T, Arai K, de Vries JE, Banchereau J: B cell growth promoting activity of recombinant human IL-4. J Immunol 1987;139:1135–1141.
Defrance T, Vanbervliet B, Aubry JP, Banchereau J: Interleukin-4 inhibits the proliferation but not the differentiation of activated human B cells in response to interleukin-2. J Exp Med 1988;168:1321–1337.
Karray S, Defrance T, Merle-Béral H, Banchereau J, Debré P, Galanaud P: Interleukin-4 counteracts the interleukin-2-induced proliferation of monoclonal B cells. J Exp Med 1988;168:85–94.
Vallé A, Zuber CE, Defrance T, Djossou O, De Rie M, Banchereau J: Activation of human B lymphocytes through CD40 and interleukin-4. Eur J Immunol 1989;19:1463–1467.
Gordon J, Millsum MJ, Guy GR, Ledbetter JA: Resting B lymphocytes can be triggered directly through the CDw40 (Bp50) antigen. J Immunol 1988;140:1425–1430.
Banchereau J, de Paoli P, Vallé A, Garcia E, Rousset F: Long-term human B cell lines dependent on interleukin 4 and anti CD40. Science 1991;251:70–72.
Defrance T, Vanbervliet B, Pène J, Banchereau J: Human recombinant IL-4 induces activated B lymphocytes to produce IgG and IgM. J Immunol 1988;141:2000–2005.
Pène J, Rousset F, Brière F, Chrétien I, Bonnefoy JY, Spits H, Yokota T, Arai N, Arai KI, Banchereau J, De Vries JE: IgE production by normal human lymphocytes is induced by interleukin-4 and suppressed by interferons gamma and alpha and prostaglandin E2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:6890–6884.
Thyphoronitis G, Tsokos GC, June CH, Levine AD, Finkelman FD: IgE secretion by Epstein-Barr virus-infected purified human B lymphocytes is stimulated by interleukin-4 and suppressed by inteferon-γ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989;86:5580–5584.
Llorente L, Crevon ML, Karray S, Defrance T, Banchereau J, Galanaud P: Interleukin (IL) 4 counteracts the helper effect of IL-2 on antigen-activated human B cells. Eur J Immunol 1989;19:765–769.
Callard RE, Smith SH, Scott KE: The role of interleukin 4 (IL-4) in specific antibody responses by human B cells. Int Immunol 1991;3:157–163.
Finkelman FD, Holmes J, Katona IM, Urban JF, Beckmann MP, Schooley KA, Coffman RL, Mosmann TR, Paul WE: Lymphokine control of in vivo immunoglobulin isotype selection. Annu Rev Immunol 1990;8:303–333.
Stamenkovic I, Clark EA, Seed B: A B-lymphocyte activation molecule related to the nerve growth factor receptor and induced by cytokines in carcinomas. EMBO J 1989;8:1403–1410.
Loetscher H, Pan YCE, Lahm HW, Gentz R, Brockhaus M, Tabuchi H, Lesslauer W: Molecular cloning and expression of the human 55 kd tumor necrosis factor receptor. Cell 1990;61:351–359.
Schall TJ, Lewis M, Koller KJ, Lee A, Rice GC, Wong GHW, Gatanaga T, Granger GA, Lentz R, Raab H, Kohr WJ, Goeddel DV: Molecular cloning and expression of a receptor for human tumor necrosis factor. Cell 1990;61:361–370.
Smith CA, Davis T, Anderson D, Sclam L, Beckmann MP, Jerzy R, Dower SK, Cosman D, Goodwin RG: A receptor for tumor necrosis factor defines an unusual family of cellular and viral proteins. Science 1990;248:1019–1022.