Fulminant Myocarditis

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Teele, 2011, Management and outcomes in pediatric patients presenting with acute fulminant myocarditis, J Pediatr, 158, 638, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.10.015

McCarthy, 2000, Long term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis, N Engl J Med, 342, 690, 10.1056/NEJM200003093421003

Saji, 2012, Comparison of the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of fulminant and acute myocarditis in children, Circ J, 76, 1222, 10.1253/circj.CJ-11-1032

Fairweather, 2012, Update on Coxsackie B3 myocarditis, Curr Opin Rheumatol, 24, 401, 10.1097/BOR.0b013e328353372d

Grun, 2012, Long-term follow-up of biopsy-proven viral myocarditis, J Am Coll Cardiol, 59, 1604, 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.007

Kindermann, 2008, Predictors of outcome in patients with suspected myocarditis, Circulation, 118, 639, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.769489

Schultheiss, 2011, The management of myocarditis, Eur Heart J, 32, 2616, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr165

Marholdt, 2006, Presentation, patterns of myocardial damage, and clinical course of viral myocarditis, Circulation, 114, 1581, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.606509

Molina, 2013, Parvovirus B19 myocarditis causes significant morbidity and mortality in children, Pediatr Cardiol, 34, 390, 10.1007/s00246-012-0468-4

Gaaloul, 2012, Sudden unexpected death related to enterovirus myocarditis: histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology diagnosis at post-mortem, BMC Infect Dis, 12, 212, 10.1186/1471-2334-12-212

Barbaro, 2001, Pathogenesis of HIV-associated cardiovascular complications, Lancet Infect Dis, 1, 115, 10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00067-6

Daniel, 2012, Fulminant myocarditis and viral infection, J Clin Virol, 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.06.015

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Kavinsky, 1995, Rheumatic fever and cardiovascular diseases

De Cock, 2012, Myocarditis associated with campylobacter enteritis: report of three cases, Circ Heart Fail, 5, e19, 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.964882

Magnani, 2006, Myocarditis. Current trends in diagnosis and treatment, Circulation, 113, 876, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.584532

Liu, 2001, Advances in the understanding of myocarditis, Circulation, 104, 1076, 10.1161/hc3401.095198

Hufnagel, 2000, The European Study of Epidemiology and Treatment of Cardiac Inflammatory Disease (ESETCID). First epidemiological results, Herz, 25, 279, 10.1007/s000590050021

Smith, 1997, Elevations of cardiac troponin I associated with myocarditis; experimental and clinical correlates, Circulation, 30, 1354

Elamm, 2012, Pathogenesis and diagnosis of myocarditis, Heart, 98, 835, 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301686

Schultz, 2009, Diagnosis and treatment of viral myocarditis, Mayo Clin Proc, 84, 1001, 10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60670-8

Liu, 2005, Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis; prospects for detecting myocardial inflammation, J Am Coll Cardiol, 45, 1923, 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.002

Abdel-Aty, 2005, Diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with suspected acute myocarditis, J Am Coll Cardiol, 45, 1815, 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.11.069

Marholdt, 2004, Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis, Circulation, 109, 1250, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000118493.13323.81

Mavrogeni, 2012, Fulminant myocarditis: can cardiac magnetic resonance predict evolution to heart failure?, Int J Cardiol, 159, e37, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.053

Childs, 2011, Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in myocarditis, Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 54, 266, 10.1016/j.pcad.2011.09.003

Ellis, 2007, Myocarditis. Basic and clinical aspects, Cardiol Rev, 15, 170, 10.1097/CRD.0b013e31806450c4

Nelson, 2009, Diagnostic approach and role of MRI in the assessment of acute myocarditis, Cardiol Rev, 17, 24, 10.1097/CRD.0b013e318184b383

Friedrich, 2009, Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: a JACC white paper, J Am Coll Cardiol, 53, 1475, 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.007

Parrillo, 2001, Inflammatory cardiomyopathy (myocarditis): which patients should be treated with anti-inflammatory therapy?, Circulation, 104, 4, 10.1161/hc2601.092124

McKenna, 1995, Immunosuppression for myocarditis, N Engl J Med, 333, 312, 10.1056/NEJM199508033330510

Cooper, 2007, The role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology and the European Society of Cardiology, Circulation, 116, 2216, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.186093

Wu, 2001, Current role of endomyocardial biopsy in the management of dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, Mayo Clin Proc, 76, 1030, 10.4065/76.10.1030

Jain, 2003, Current medical treatment for the exacerbation of chronic heart failure resulting in hospitalization, Am Heart J, 145, S3, 10.1067/mhj.2003.149

Jaski, 1985, Positive inotropic and vasodilator actions of milrinone in patients with severe congestive heart failure, J Clin Invest, 75, 643, 10.1172/JCI111742

Cuffe, 2002, Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 287, 1541, 10.1001/jama.287.12.1541

Wilson, 2009, Evaluation for a ventricular assist device: selecting the appropriate candidate, Circulation, 119, 2225, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.850610

Mancini, 2005, Mechanical device-based methods of managing and treating heart failure, Circulation, 12, 438, 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.481259

Farrar, 2002, Long-term follow-up of Thoratec ventricular assist device bridge-to-recovery patients successfully removed from support after recovery of ventricular function, J Heart Lung Transplant, 21, 516, 10.1016/S1053-2498(01)00408-9

Ghelani, 2012, Demographics, trends, and outcomes in pediatric acute myocarditis in the United States, 2006 to 2011, Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 5, 622, 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.112.965749

Haas, 2001, Etiology, evaluation, and management of acute myocarditis, Cardiol Rev, 9, 88, 10.1097/00045415-200103000-00007

Winkel, 2000, Myocarditis, Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med, 2, 407, 10.1007/s11936-000-0036-8

Pfeffer, 1992, Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction, N Engl J Med, 327, 669, 10.1056/NEJM199209033271001

1991, The SOLVD Investigators: effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure, N Engl J Med, 25, 293

Garg, 1995, Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure, JAMA, 273, 1450, 10.1001/jama.1995.03520420066040

Packer, 2001, Current role of beta-adrenergic blockers in the management of chronic heart failure, Am J Med, 110, 81S, 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00676-3

1999, CIBIS II Investigators: the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II: a randomized trial, Lancet, 353, 9, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11181-9

Hjalmarson, 2000, The MERIT-HF Study Group: effects of controlled release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations and well-being in patients with heart failure, JAMA, 283, 1295, 10.1001/jama.283.10.1295

Bristow, 1996, Carvedilol produces dose related improvements in left ventricular function and survival in subjects with chronic heart failure, Circulation, 94, 2807, 10.1161/01.CIR.94.11.2807

Packer, 2001, Effects of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure, N Engl J Med, 344, 1651, 10.1056/NEJM200105313442201

1997, The Digitals Investigation Group: the effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure, N Engl J Med, 336, 525, 10.1056/NEJM199702203360801

Pitt, 1999, The effects of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure, N Engl J Med, 341, 709, 10.1056/NEJM199909023411001

Mason, 1995, A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis, N Engl J Med, 333, 269, 10.1056/NEJM199508033330501

Gullestad, 2001, Immunomodulating therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with chronic heart failure, Circulation, 103, 220, 10.1161/01.CIR.103.2.220

McNamara, 1997, Intravenous immune globulin in the therapy of myocarditis and acute cardiomyopathy, Circulation, 95, 2476, 10.1161/01.CIR.95.11.2476

Patel, 2003, The current status of immune modulating therapy for myocarditis: a case of acute parvovirus myocarditis treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, Am J Med Sci, 26, 369

McNamara, 2001, Controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin in recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy, Circulation, 103, 2254, 10.1161/01.CIR.103.18.2254

Frustaci, 2003, Immunosuppressive therapy for active lymphocytic myocarditis: virological and immunologic profile of responders versus non-responders, Circulation, 107, 857, 10.1161/01.CIR.0000048147.15962.31

Frustaci, 2009, Randomized study on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: the TIMIC study, Eur Heart J, 30, 1995, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp249

Wojnicz, 2001, Randomized placebo controlled study for immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy: two year follow-up results, Circulation, 104, 39, 10.1161/01.CIR.104.1.39

Atluri, 2013, Rapid onset of fulminant myocarditis portends a favourable prognosis and the ability to bridge mechanical circulatory support to recovery, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 43, 379, 10.1093/ejcts/ezs242

Amabile, 2006, Outcome of acute fulminant myocarditis in children, Heart, 92, 1269, 10.1136/hrt.2005.078402

Klugman, 2010, Pediatric patients hospitalized with myocarditis: a multi-institutional analysis, Pediatr Cardiol, 31, 222, 10.1007/s00246-009-9589-9