Fukushima-derived radionuclides in the ocean and biota off Japan

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 2012
Ken O. Buesseler1, Steven R. Jayne2, Nicholas S. Fisher3, Irina I. Rypina2, Hannes Baumann3, Zofia Baumann3, Crystaline F. Breier1, Elizabeth M. Douglass2, Jennifer Ayako George3, Alison M. Macdonald2, Hiroomi Miyamoto4, Jun Nishikawa4, Steven Pike1, Sachiko Yoshida2
1Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry and
2Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543;
3School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794; and
4Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan

Tóm tắt

The Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011, resulted in unprecedented radioactivity releases from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plants to the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Results are presented here from an international study of radionuclide contaminants in surface and subsurface waters, as well as in zooplankton and fish, off Japan in June 2011. A major finding is detection of Fukushima-derived 134 Cs and 137 Cs throughout waters 30–600 km offshore, with the highest activities associated with near-shore eddies and the Kuroshio Current acting as a southern boundary for transport. Fukushima-derived Cs isotopes were also detected in zooplankton and mesopelagic fish, and unique to this study we also find 110m Ag in zooplankton. Vertical profiles are used to calculate a total inventory of ∼2 PBq 137 Cs in an ocean area of 150,000 km 2 . Our results can only be understood in the context of our drifter data and an oceanographic model that shows rapid advection of contaminants further out in the Pacific. Importantly, our data are consistent with higher estimates of the magnitude of Fukushima fallout and direct releases [Stohl et al. (2011) Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 11:28319–28394; Bailly du Bois et al. (2011) J Environ Radioact , 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.11.015]. We address risks to public health and marine biota by showing that though Cs isotopes are elevated 10–1,000× over prior levels in waters off Japan, radiation risks due to these radionuclides are below those generally considered harmful to marine animals and human consumers, and even below those from naturally occurring radionuclides.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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