Fragmentation of Cry1Ab protein from Bt-maize (MON810) through the gut of the earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris L.

Baumgarte, 2005, Field studies on the environmental fate of the Cry1Ab Bt-toxin produced by transgenic maize (MON810) and its effect on bacterial communities in the maize rhizosphere, Mol. Ecol., 14, 2539, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02592.x Bewley, 1968, Isolation and characterization of the digestive proteinases in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 25, 1061, 10.1016/0010-406X(68)90591-4 Brown, 1995, How do earthworms affect microfloral and faunal community diversity?, Plant Soil, 170, 209, 10.1007/BF02183068 Brown, 2000, Regulation of soil organic matter dynamics and microbial activity in the drilosphere and the role of interactions with other edaphic functional domains, Eur. J. Soil Biol., 36, 177, 10.1016/S1164-5563(00)01062-1 Butt, 2006, A viable technique for tagging earthworms using visible implant elastomer, Appl. Soil Ecol., 35, 454, 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.06.004 Byzov, 2007, Fate of soil bacteria and fungi in the gut of earthworms, Eur. J. Soil Biol., 43, S149, 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2007.08.012 Clark, 2005, Environmental fate and effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins from transgenic crops: a review, J. Agricul. Food Chem., 53, 4643, 10.1021/jf040442k Cortet, 2006, Decomposition processes under Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize: results of a multi-site experiment, Soil Biol. Biochem., 38, 195, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.04.025 Crecchio, 2001, Biodegradation and insecticidal activity of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki bound to humic acids from soil, Soil Biol. Biochem., 33, 573, 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00199-1 Curry, 2007, The feeding ecology of earthworms – a review, Pedobiologia, 50, 463, 10.1016/j.pedobi.2006.09.001 Daudu, 2009, Litterbag decomposition of genetically modified maize residues and their constituent Bacillus thuringiensis protein (Cry1Ab) under field conditions in the central region of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 134, 153, 10.1016/j.agee.2009.06.012 de Vaufleury, 2007, Exposure and effects assessments of Bt-maize on non-target organisms (gastropods, microarthropods, mycorrhizal fungi) in microcosms, Pedobiologia, 51, 185, 10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.04.005 Dubelman, 2005, Cry1Ab protein does not persist in soil after 3 years of sustained Bt corn use, Environ. Entomol., 34, 915, 10.1603/0046-225X-34.4.915 Edwards, 1996 Edwards, 1988, Interactions between earthworms and micro-organisms in organic-matter breakdown, Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 24, 235, 10.1016/0167-8809(88)90069-2 Ernst, 2008, C and N turnover of fermented residues from biogas plants in soil in the presence of three different earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris, Aporrectodea longa, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Soil Biol. Biochem., 40, 1413, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.12.026 Flegel, 2000, Importance of food quality on selected enzyme activities in earthworm casts (Dendrobaena octaedra, Lumbricidae), Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 1191, 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00035-3 Flegel, 1998, Influence of food quality on the physical and chemical properties of detritivorous earthworm casts, Appl. Soil Ecol., 9, 263, 10.1016/S0929-1393(97)00050-4 Fründ, 2009, Using earthworms as model organisms in the laboratory: recommendations for experimental implementations, Pedobiologia, 53, 119, 10.1016/j.pedobi.2009.07.002 Griffiths, 2007, Microbial and microfaunal community structure in cropping systems with genetically modified plants, Pedobiologia, 51, 195, 10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.04.002 Haynes, 2003, Casts of Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny) and Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister) differ in microbial activity, nutrient availability and aggregate stability, Pedobiologia, 47, 882 Hopkins, 2003, Detection and decay of the Bt endotoxin in soil from a field trial with genetically modified maize, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 54, 793, 10.1046/j.1351-0754.2003.0563.x Icoz, 2008, Microbial populations and enzyme activities in soil in situ under transgenic corn expressing Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, J. Environ. Qual., 37, 647, 10.2134/jeq2007.0352 Icoz, 2008, Fate and effects of insect-resistant Bt crops in soil ecosystems, Soil Biol. Biochem., 40, 559, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.11.002 Koskella, 1997, Microbial utilization of free and clay-bound insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis and their retention of insecticidal activity after incubation with microbes, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 3561, 10.1128/AEM.63.9.3561-3568.1997 Krogh, 2007, Responses by earthworms to reduced tillage in herbicide tolerant maize and Bt maize cropping systems, Pedobiologia, 51, 219, 10.1016/j.pedobi.2007.04.003 Laverack, 1963, The physiology of earthworms, vol. 15 Losey, 1999, Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae, Nature, 399, 214, 10.1038/20338 Lutz, 2005, Degradation of Cry1Ab protein from genetically modified maize in the bovine gastrointestinal tract, J. Agricul. Food Chem., 53, 1453, 10.1021/jf049222x Marinissen, 1993, Contribution of earthworms to carbon and nitrogen cycling in agro-ecosystems, Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 47, 59, 10.1016/0167-8809(93)90136-D Pagel-Wieder, 2007, Effects of physical and chemical properties of soils on adsorption of the insecticidal protein (Cry1Ab) from Bacillus thuringiensis at Cry1Ab protein concentrations relevant for experimental field sites, Soil Biol. Biochem., 39, 3034, 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.06.015 Parle, 1963, Micro-organisms in the intestine of earthworms, J. Gen. Microb., 31, 1, 10.1099/00221287-31-1-1 Sampedro, 2007, Changes in the fatty acid profiles through the digestive tract of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L, Appl. Soil Ecol., 35, 226, 10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.04.007 Satchell, 1984, Phosphatase activity in earthworm faeces, Soil Biol. Biochem., 16, 191, 10.1016/0038-0717(84)90111-1 Saxena, 1999, Insecticidal toxin in root exudates from Bt corn, Nature, 402, 480, 10.1038/44997 Schrader, 2008, Earthworms of different functional groups affect the fate of the Bt-toxin Cry1Ab from transgenic maize in soil, Eur. J. Soil Biol., 44, 283, 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.04.003 Singleton, 2003, Identification of uncultured bacteria tightly associated with the intestine of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Lumbricidae; Oligochaeta), Soil Biol. Biochem., 35, 1547, 10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00244-X Stotzky, 2004, Persistence and biological activity in soil of the insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, especially from transgenic plants, Plant Soil, 266, 77, 10.1007/s11104-005-5945-6 Sun, 2007, Soil persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin from transgenic Bt cotton tissues and its effect on soil enzyme activities, Biol. Fertil. Soil., 43, 617, 10.1007/s00374-006-0158-6 Tapp, 1994, Adsorption and binding of the insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and subsp. tenebrionis on clay minerals, Soil Biol. Biochem., 26, 663, 10.1016/0038-0717(94)90258-5 Tapp, 1998, Persistence of the insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in soil, Soil Biol. Biochem., 30, 471, 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00148-X Venkateswerlu, 1992, Binding of the protoxin and toxin proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki on clay minerals, Curr. Microbiol., 25, 225, 10.1007/BF01570723 Vercesi, 2006, Can Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn residues and Bt-corn plants affect life-history traits in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa?, Appl. Soil Ecol., 32, 180, 10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.07.002 Zwahlen, 2003, Degradation of the Cry1Ab protein within transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn tissue in the field, Mol. Ecol., 12, 765, 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01767.x