Fractures of The Calcaneus

Abidi, 1998, Wound-healing risk factors after open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fractures, Foot Ankle Int, 19, 856, 10.1177/107110079801901211

Amendola, 1996, Subtalar arthrodesis using interposition iliac crest bone graft after calcaneal fracture, Foot Ankle Int, 17, 608, 10.1177/107110079601701004

Ananthakrishnan, 1993, The effect of intra-articular displacement of calcaneus fractures on contact characteristics of the subtalar joint, Orthop Trans, 17, 727

Arnesen, 1966, Treatment of fracture of the os calcis with traction and manipulation, Acta Chir Scand, 132, 566

Bankart, 1942, Fracture of the os calcis, Lancet, 2, 175, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)41474-1

Benirschke, 1993, Extensive intraarticular fractures of the foot: Surgical management of calcaneal fractures, Clin Orthop, 292, 128, 10.1097/00003086-199307000-00015

Bezes, 1993, The operative treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures: Indications, technique, and results in 257 cases, Clin Orthop, 290, 55, 10.1097/00003086-199305000-00008

Bohler, 1931, Diagnosis, pathology, and treatment of fractures of the calcaneus, J Bone Joint Surg, 13, 75

Bradley, 1992, Computed tomographic assessment of soft tissue abnormalities following calcaneal fractures, Br J Radiol, 65, 105, 10.1259/0007-1285-65-770-105

Broden, 1949, Roentgen examination of the subtalar joint in fractures of the calcaneus, Acta Radiol, 31, 85, 10.3109/00016924909136638

Buch, 1996, Primary subtalar arthrodesis for the treatment of comminuted calcaneal fractures, Foot Ankle Int, 17, 61, 10.1177/107110079601700202

Buckley, 1992, Comparison of open versus closed reduction of intraarticular calcaneal fractures: A matched cohort in workmen, J Orthop Trauma, 6, 216, 10.1097/00005131-199206000-00014

Burdeaux, 1987, Calcaneus fractures: Rationale for the medial approach technique of reduction, Orthopedics, 10, 177, 10.3928/0147-7447-19870101-29

Burdeaux, 1983, Reduction of calcaneal fractures by the McReynolds medial approach technique and its experimental basis, Clin Orthop, 177, 87, 10.1097/00003086-198307000-00014

Burdeaux, 1997, Fractures of the calcaneus: Open reduction and internal fixation from the medial side a 21-year prospective study, Foot Ankle Int, 18, 685, 10.1177/107110079701801102

Burdeaux, 1993, The medical approach for calcaneal fractures, Clin Orthop, 290, 96, 10.1097/00003086-199305000-00013

Carr, 1993, Mechanism and pathoanatomy of the intraarticular calcaneal fracture, Clin Orthop, 290, 36, 10.1097/00003086-199305000-00005

Carr, 1994, Surgical treatment of the intra-articular calcaneus fracture, Orthop Clin North Am, 25, 665, 10.1016/S0030-5898(20)31950-7

Carr, 1989, Experimental intra-articular calcaneal fractures: Anatomic basis for a new classification, Foot Ankle, 10, 81, 10.1177/107110078901000206

Catani, 1999, Analysis of function after intra-articular fracture of the os calcis, Foot Ankle Int, 20, 417, 10.1177/107110079902000704

Cave, 1963, Fracture of the os calcis—the problem in general, Clin Orthop, 30, 64, 10.1097/00003086-196300300-00008

Conn, 1935, The treatment of fractures of the os calcis, J Bone Joint Surg, 17, 392

Cotton, 1908, Fractures of the os calcis, Boston Med Surg J, 159, 559, 10.1056/NEJM190810291591801

Crosby, 1990, Computerized tomography scanning of acute intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: A new classification system, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 72, 852, 10.2106/00004623-199072060-00009

Crosby, 1996, Open reduction and internal fixation of type II intra-articular calcaneus fractures, Foot Ankle Int, 17, 253, 10.1177/107110079601700503

Eastwood, 1993, Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum: Part I, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 75, 183, 10.1302/0301-620X.75B2.8444934

Eastwood, 1993, Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum: Part II, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 75, 189, 10.1302/0301-620X.75B2.8444935

Eastwood, 1997, Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum: Why such controversy?, Injury, 28, 247, 10.1016/S0020-1383(97)00012-0

Ebraheim, 2000, Congruity of the subtalar joint in tongue fracture of the calcaneus: An anatomical study, Foot Ankle Int, 21, 665, 10.1177/107110070002100806

Ebraheim, 1991, Radiological evaluation of peroneal tendon pathology associated with calcaneal fractures, J Orthop Trauma, 5, 365, 10.1097/00005131-199109000-00017

Essex-Lopresti, 1952, The mechanism, reduction technique, and results in fractures of the os calcis, Br J Surg, 39, 395, 10.1002/bjs.18003915704

Essex-Lopresti, 1951, Results of reduction in fractures of the calcaneum, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 33, 284

Flemister, 2000, Subtalar arthrodesis for complications of intra-articular calcaneal fractures, Foot Ankle Int, 21, 392, 10.1177/107110070002100506

Folk, 1999, Early wound complications of operative treatment of calcaneus fractures: Analysis of 190 fractures, J Orthop Trauma, 13, 369, 10.1097/00005131-199906000-00008

Freeman, 1998, The extended lateral approach to the hindfoot: Anatomical basis and surgical implications, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 80, 139, 10.1302/0301-620X.80B1.7987

Gould, 1984, Lateral approach to the calcaneus, Foot Ankle, 4, 218, 10.1177/107110078400400416

Hall, 1960, Primary subtalar arthrodesis in the treatment of severe fractures of the calcaneum, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 42, 336, 10.1302/0301-620X.42B2.336

Hammesfahr, 1981, Calcaneal fractures: A good prognosis, Foot Ankle, 2, 161, 10.1177/107110078100200308

Harding, 1985, Open reduction in depressed fractures of the os calcis, Clin Orthop, 199, 124, 10.1097/00003086-198510000-00017

Harty, 1973, Anatomic considerations in injuries of the calcaneus, Orthop Clin North Am, 4, 179, 10.1016/S0030-5898(20)30513-7

Hildebrand, 1996, Functional outcome measures after displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 78, 119, 10.1302/0301-620X.78B1.0780119

Huefner, 2001, Primary subtalar arthrodesis of calcaneal fractures, Foot Ankle Int, 22, 9, 10.1177/107110070102200102

Hutchinson, 1994, Treatment of os calcis fractures by open reduction and internal fixation, Foot Ankle Int, 15, 225, 10.1177/107110079401500501

Isbister, 1974, Calcaneo-fibular abutment following crush fracture of the calcaneus, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 56, 274

James, 1983, The dilemma of painful old os calcis fractures, Clin Orthop, 177, 112, 10.1097/00003086-198307000-00016

Janzen, 1992, Intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus: Value of CT findings in determining prognosis, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 158, 1271, 10.2214/ajr.158.6.1590122

Jarvholm, 1984, Fractures of the calcaneus: A comparison of open and closed treatment, Acta Orthop Scand, 55, 652, 10.3109/17453678408992416

Jordan, 1999, Determining the angle of screw placement for internal fixation of calcaneal fractures, J Orthop Trauma, 13, 47, 10.1097/00005131-199901000-00011

Kankare, 1998, Operative treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus using absorbable internal fixation: A prospective study of twenty-five fractures, J Orthop Trauma, 12, 413, 10.1097/00005131-199808000-00008

Kerr, 1994, The use of the axial CT scan in intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum, Injury, 25, 359, 10.1016/0020-1383(94)90126-0

Kitaoka, 1994, Displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus treated non-operatively: Clinical results and analysis of motion and ground-reaction and temporal forces, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 76, 1531, 10.2106/00004623-199410000-00013

Lance, 1963, Fractures of the os calcis: Treatment by early mobilization, Clin Orthop, 30, 76

Langdon, 1994, Fractures of the calcaneum: The anterolateral fragment, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 76, 303, 10.1302/0301-620X.76B2.8113298

Letournel, 1984, Open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneus fractures, 173

Leung, 1993, Operative treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum: Medium-term results, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 75, 196, 10.1302/0301-620X.75B2.8444936

Levy, 1992, Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of calcaneal fat pads in patients with os calcis fractures, Foot Ankle, 13, 57, 10.1177/107110079201300202

Lin, 1998, Placement of screws in the sustentaculum tali: A calcaneal fracture model, Clin Orthop, 352, 194, 10.1097/00003086-199807000-00023

Lindsay, 1958, Fractures of the os calcis, Am J Surg, 95, 555, 10.1016/0002-9610(58)90438-0

Loucks, 1999, Bohler's angle: Correlation with outcome in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures, J Orthop Trauma, 13, 554, 10.1097/00005131-199911000-00007

Low, 1995, Results of closed intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated with early mobilisation and without reduction, Ann Acad Med Singapore, 24, 820

Lowrie, 1988, Computerized tomographic assessment of the subtalar joint in calcaneus fractures, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 70, 247, 10.1302/0301-620X.70B2.3346298

Manoli, 1990, Fasciotomy of the foot: An anatomical study with special reference to release of the calcaneal compartment, Foot Ankle, 10, 267, 10.1177/107110079001000505

McLaughlin, 1963, Treatment of late complications after os calcis fractures, Clin Orthop, 30, 111, 10.1097/00003086-196300300-00013

McReynolds, 1982, The case for operative treatment of fractures of the calcaneus, 232

Melcher, 1995, Ten-year follow-up after operative treatment for intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus, J Trauma, 38, 713, 10.1097/00005373-199505000-00006

Mittlmeier, 1991, Compartment syndrome of the foot after intraarticular calcaneal fracture, Clin Orthop, 269, 241, 10.1097/00003086-199108000-00034

Mulcahy, 1998, Intra-articular calcaneal fractures: Effect of open reduction and internal fixation on the contact characteristics of the subtalar joint, Foot Ankle Int, 19, 842, 10.1177/107110079801901209

Myerson, 1993, Compartment syndromes of the foot after calcaneal fractures, Clin Orthop, 290, 142, 10.1097/00003086-199305000-00018

Myerson, 1993, Late complications of fractures of the calcaneus, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 75, 331, 10.2106/00004623-199303000-00004

Myerson, 1995, Primary subtalar arthrodesis for the treatment of comminuted fractures of the calcaneus, Orthop Clin North Am, 26, 215, 10.1016/S0030-5898(20)31988-X

Nade, 1973, Fractures of the calcaneum: A study of the long-term prognosis, Injury, 4, 200, 10.1016/0020-1383(73)90039-9

Naovaratanophas, 2001, The long term results of internal fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures, J Med Assoc Thai, 84, 36

O'Connell, 1972, Evaluation of modern management of fractures of the os calcis, Clin Orthop, 83, 214, 10.1097/00003086-197203000-00038

O'Farrell, 1993, Fractures of the os calcis: Improved results with internal fixation, Injury, 24, 263, 10.1016/0020-1383(93)90183-7

Paley, 1993, Open reduction and circular external fixation of intraarticular calcaneal fractures, Clin Orthop, 290, 125, 10.1097/00003086-199305000-00016

Paley, 1993, Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: A critical analysis of results and prognostic factors, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 75, 342, 10.2106/00004623-199303000-00005

Palmer, 1948, The mechanism and treatment of fractures of the calcaneus: Open reduction with the use of cancellous grafts, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 30, 2, 10.2106/00004623-194830010-00002

Parmar, 1993, Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum treated operatively or conservatively: A prospective study, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 75, 932, 10.1302/0301-620X.75B6.8245085

Pozo, 1984, The long-term results of conservative management of severely displaced fractures of the calcaneus, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 66, 386, 10.1302/0301-620X.66B3.6725350

Randle, 2000, Should calcaneal fractures be treated surgically? A meta-analysis, Clin Orthop, 377, 217, 10.1097/00003086-200008000-00029

Rosenberg, 1987, Peroneal tendon injury associated with calcaneal fractures: CT findings, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 149, 125, 10.2214/ajr.149.1.125

Rowe, 1963, Fractures of the os calcis: A long-term followup study of 146 patients, JAMA, 184, 920, 10.1001/jama.1963.03700250056007

Salama, 1976, Functional treatment of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus, Clin Orthop, 115, 236

Sanders, 1993, Operative treatment in 120 displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures: Results using a prognostic computed tomography scan classification, Clin Orthop, 290, 87, 10.1097/00003086-199305000-00012

Sanders, 1995, Operative treatment of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus, Orthop Clin North Am, 26, 203, 10.1016/S0030-5898(20)31987-8

Schildhauer, 2000, Open reduction and augmentation of internal fixation with an injectable skeletal cement for the treatment of complex calcaneal fractures, J Orthop Trauma, 14, 309, 10.1097/00005131-200006000-00001

Segal, 1985, Clinical application of computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning of calcaneus fractures, Clin Orthop, 199, 114, 10.1097/00003086-198510000-00016

Smith, 1983, Computerized tomography (CT) scanning technique for the hind foot, Clin Orthop, 177, 34, 10.1097/00003086-198307000-00006

Soeur, 1975, Fractures of the calcaneus with displacement of the thalamic portion, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 57, 413, 10.1302/0301-620X.57B4.413

Song, 1997, Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus based on computed tomography scanning, J Orthop Trauma, 11, 435, 10.1097/00005131-199708000-00013

Stephen, 2000, Ankle and foot injuries, 203

Stephenson, 1993, Surgical treatment of displaced intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus: A combined lateral and medial approach, Clin Orthop, 290, 68, 10.1097/00003086-199305000-00010

Stephenson, 1987, Treatment of displaced intra-arti-cular fractures of the calcaneus using medial and lateral approaches, internal fixation, and early motion, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 69, 115, 10.2106/00004623-198769010-00019

Tanke, 1982, Fractures of the calcaneus: A review of the literature together with some observations on methods of treatment, Acta Chir Scand Suppl, 505, 1

Thermann, 1999, Long-term results of subtalar fusions after operative versus nonoperative treatment of os calcis fractures, Foot Ankle Int, 20, 408, 10.1177/107110079902000703

Thordarson, 1999, Facilitating edema resolution with a foot pump after calcaneus fracture, J Orthop Trauma, 13, 43, 10.1097/00005131-199901000-00010

Thordarson, 1999, Superior compressive strength of a calcaneal fracture construct augmented with remodelable cancellous bone cement, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 81, 239, 10.2106/00004623-199902000-00011

Thordarson, 1996, Operative vs. nonoperative treatment of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: A prospective randomized trial, Foot Ankle Int, 17, 2, 10.1177/107110079601700102

Tornetta, 1998, The Essex-Lopresti reduction for calcaneal fractures revisited, J Orthop Trauma, 12, 469, 10.1097/00005131-199809000-00007

Tornetta, 2000, Percutaneous treatment of calcaneal fractures, Clin Orthop, 375, 91, 10.1097/00003086-200006000-00011

Tscherne, 1993, Calcaneal fractures, 153

Tufescu, 2001, Age, gender, work capability, and worker's compensation in patients with displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures, J Orthop Trauma, 15, 275, 10.1097/00005131-200105000-00007

Wagner, 1992, Contact characteristics of the subtalar joint: Load distribution between the anterior and posterior facets, J Orthop Res, 10, 535, 10.1002/jor.1100100408

Warrick, 1953, Fractures of the calcaneum—an atlas illustrating the various types of fracture, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 35, 33, 10.1302/0301-620X.35B1.33

Zayer, 1969, Fracture of the calcaneus: A review of 110 fractures, Acta Orthop Scand, 40, 530