Fractal/multifractal modeling of geochemical data: A review
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Afzal, 2010, Geochemical anomaly separation by multifractal modeling in Kahang (GorGor) porphyry system, Central Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 104, 34, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.11.003
Afzal, 2011, Delineation of mineralization zones in porphyry Cu deposits by fractal concentration–volume modeling, J. Geochem. Explor., 18, 220, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.03.005
Afzal, 2012, Application of power–spectrum–volume fractal method for detecting hypogene, supergene enrichment, leached and barren zones in Kahang Cu porphyry deposit, Central Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 112, 131, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.08.002
Afzal, 2013, Application of spectrum–area fractal model to identify of geochemical anomalies based on soil data in Kahang porphyry–type Cu deposit, Iran, Chem. Erde, 73, 533, 10.1016/j.chemer.2013.08.001
Afzal, 2013, Delineation of gold mineralized zones using concentration–volume fractal model in Qolqoleh gold deposit, NW Iran, Ore Geol. Rev., 55, 125, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.05.005
Agterberg, 1996, Multifractal modeling of the sizes and grades of giant and supergiant deposits, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 33, A365, 10.1016/S0148-9062(97)87475-X
Agterberg, 2007, Mixtures of multiplicative cascade models in geochemistry, Nonlinear Process. Geophys., 14, 201, 10.5194/npg-14-201-2007
Agterberg, 2012, Multifractals and geostatistics, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 113, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.001
Agterberg, 2012, Sampling and analysis of chemical element concentration distribution in rock units and orebodies, Nonlinear Process. Geophys., 19, 23, 10.5194/npg-19-23-2012
Ahrens, 1954, The lognormal distribution of elements (a fundamental law of geochemistry and its subsidiary), Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 5, 49, 10.1016/0016-7037(54)90040-X
Ahrens, 1957, Lognormal-type distributions-III, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 11, 205, 10.1016/0016-7037(57)90094-7
Albanese, 2007, Geochemical background and baseline values of toxic elements in stream sediments of Campania region (Italy), J. Geochem. Explor., 93, 21, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2006.07.006
Ali, 2007, Multifractal power spectrum and singularity analysis for modelling stream sediment geochemical distribution patterns to identify anomalies related to gold mineralization in Yunnan Province, South China, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 7, 293, 10.1144/1467-7873/06-116
Arias, 2012, Multifractal analysis of geochemical anomalies: A tool for assessing prospectivity at the SE border of the Ossa Morena Zone, Variscan Massif (Spain), J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 101, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.08.007
Asadi, 2014, Exploratory data analysis and C-A fractal model applied in mapping multi-element soil anomalies for drilling: A case study from the Sari Gunay epithermal gold deposit, NW Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 145, 233, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.07.005
Bai, 2010, Mapping geochemical singularity using multifractal analysis: Application to anomaly definition on stream sediments data from Funin Sheet, Yunnan, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 104, 1, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.09.002
Behrens, 1997, Principles and Procedures of Exploratory Data Analysis, Psychol. Methods, 2, 131, 10.1037/1082-989X.2.2.131
Bölviken, 1992, The fractal nature of geochemical landscapes, J. Geochem. Explor., 43, 91, 10.1016/0375-6742(92)90001-O
Bonham-Carter, 1994, Geographic information systems for geoscientists: modeling with GIS
Cao, 2012, Quantification of anisotropic scale invariance of geochemical anomalies associated with Sn-Cu mineralization in Gejiu, Yunan Province, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 47, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.08.001
Carlson, 1991, Spatial distribution of ore deposits, Geology, 19, 111, 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0111:SDOOD>2.3.CO;2
Carranza, 2009, Geochemical Anomaly and Mineral Prospectivity Mapping in GIS, vol. 11
Carranza, 2010, Mapping of anomalies in continuous and discrete fields of stream sediment geochemical landscapes, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 10, 171, 10.1144/1467-7873/09-223
Chen, 2007, A novel iterative approach for mapping local singularities from geochemical data, Nonlinear Process. Geophys., 14, 317, 10.5194/npg-14-317-2007
Chen, 2015, Identifying gravity anomalies caused by granitic intrusions in Nanling mineral district, China: a multifractal perspective, Geophys. Prospect., 63, 256, 10.1111/1365-2478.12187
Cheng, 1999, Spatial and scaling modeling for geochemical anomaly separation, J. Geochem. Explor., 65, 175, 10.1016/S0375-6742(99)00028-X
Cheng, 1999, Multifractal interpolation, 245
Cheng, 2000, Interpolation by means of multifractal, kriging and moving average techniques
Cheng, 2005, A new model for incorporating spatial association and singularity in interpolation of exploratory data, 14, 1017
Cheng, 2007, Mapping singularities with stream sediment geochemical data for prediction of undiscovered mineral deposits in Gejiu, Yunnan Province, China, Ore Geol. Rev., 32, 314, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.10.002
Cheng, 2008, Modeling local scaling properties for multiscale mapping, Vadose Zone J., 7, 525, 10.2136/vzj2007.0034
Cheng, 2012, Singularity theory and methods for mapping geochemical anomalies caused by buried sources and for predicting undiscovered mineral deposits in covered areas, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 55, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.07.007
Cheng, 2014, Vertical distribution of elements in regolith over mineral deposits andimplications for mapping geochemical weak anomalies in covered areas, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 14, 277, 10.1144/geochem2012-174
Cheng, 2009, Singularity analysis of ore-mineral and toxic trace elements in stream sediments, Comput. Geosci., 35, 234, 10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.034
Cheng, 1994, The separation of geochemical anomalies from background by fractal methods, J. Geochem. Explor., 51, 109, 10.1016/0375-6742(94)90013-2
Cheng, 1996, A spatial analysis method for geochemical anomaly separation, J. Geochem. Explor., 56, 183, 10.1016/S0375-6742(96)00035-0
Cheng, 1997, Statistical study of trace elements in the soluble organic and amorphous Fe-Mn phases of surficial sediments, Sudbury Basin 1. Multivariate and spatial analysis, J. Geochem. Explor., 59, 27, 10.1016/S0375-6742(96)00046-5
Cheng, 1999, Integrated spatial and spectral analysis for geochemical anomaly separation, vol. 1, 87
Cheng, 2000, Integrated Spatial and Spectrum Method for Geochemical Anomaly Separation, Nat. Resour. Res., 9, 43, 10.1023/A:1010109829861
Cheng, 2010, Density/area power-law models for separating multi-scale anomalies of ore and toxic elements in stream sediments in Gejiu mineral district, Yunnan Province, China, Biogeosciences, 7, 3019, 10.5194/bg-7-3019-2010
Cohen, 2010, Major advances in exploration geochemistry, 1998-2007, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 10, 3, 10.1144/1467-7873/09-215
Darnley, 1995, A Global Geochemical Database for environmental and resource management. Recommendations for internationalgeochemical mapping, 19
Delavar, 2012, Delineation of mineralization zones using concentration–volume fractal method in Pb-Zn carbonate hosted deposits, J. Geochem. Explor., 118, 98, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.05.003
Deng, 2010, Delineation and explanation of geochemical anomalies using fractal models in the Heqing area, Yunnan Province, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 105, 95, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.04.005
Feder, 1988
Gonçalves, 2001, Geochemical anomaly separation by multifractal modeling, J. Geochem. Explor., 72, 91, 10.1016/S0375-6742(01)00156-X
Grunsky, 2010, The interpretation of geochemical survey data, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 10, 27, 10.1144/1467-7873/09-210
Hassanpour, 2013, Application of concentration-number (C-N) multifractal modelling for geochemical anomaly separation in Haftcheshmeh porphyry system, NW Iran, Arab. J. Geosci., 6, 957, 10.1007/s12517-011-0396-2
Hawkes, 1962
He, 2013, Complexity and Productivity Differentiation Models of Metallogenic Indicator Elements in Rocks and Supergene Media Around Daijiazhuang Pb-Zn Deposit in Dangchang County, Gansu Province, Nat. Resour. Res., 22, 19, 10.1007/s11053-012-9193-1
He, 2014, Identification and assessment of Sn–polymetallic prospects in the Gejiu western district, Yunnan (China), J. Geochem. Explor., 145, 106, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.05.016
Heidari, 2013, Delineating mineralized phases based on lithogeochemical data using multifractal model in Touzlar epithermal Au–Ag (Cu) deposit, NW Iran, Appl. Geochem., 31, 119, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.12.014
Hosseini, 2014, Prospection of Au mineralization based on stream sediments and lithogeochemical data using multifractal modeling in Alut 1:100,000 sheet, NW Iran, Arab. J. Geosci.
Hurst, 1951, Long-term storage capacity of reservoirs, Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 116, 770, 10.1061/TACEAT.0006518
Jesus, 2013, Multi-fractal modelling and spatial Cu–soil anomaly analysis along the southern border of the Iberian Terrane in Portugal, J. Geochem. Explor., 126–127, 23, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.12.010
Krige, 1966, A study of gold and uranium distribution patterns in the Klerksdorp goldfield, Geoexploration, 4, 43, 10.1016/0016-7142(66)90010-X
Krige, 1978, Lognormal de–Wijsiangeostatistics for ore evaluation. South AfricanInstitute Mining and Metallurgy Monograph Series, Geostatistics, 1
Lam, 1983, Spatial interpolation methods: A review, Am. Cartogr., 10, 129, 10.1559/152304083783914958
Lavallee, 1993, Nonlinear variability and landscape topography: analysis and simulation, Fractals Geogr., 158–192
Li, 2003, Application of a fractal method relating concentrations and distances for separation of geochemical anomalies from background, J. Geochem. Explor., 77, 167, 10.1016/S0375-6742(02)00276-5
Lima, 2003, Multifractal IDW interpolation and fractal filtering method in environmental studies: an application on regional stream sediments of (Italy), Campania region, Appl. Geochem., 18, 1853, 10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00083-0
Lima, 2005, Geochemical baselines for the radioelements K, U, and Th in the Campania region, Italy: a comparison of stream–sediment geochemistry and gamma-ray surveys, J. Geochem. Explor., 20, 611
Lima, 2008, Interpolation methods for geochemical maps: a comparative study using arsenic data from European stream waters, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 8, 41, 10.1144/1467-7873/07-146
Lin, 2013, Application of factor analysis and concentration–volume fractal modeling to delineation of 3D geochemical patterns: a case study of the Jinwozi gold field, NW China, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 14, 359, 10.1144/geochem2013-229
Liu, 2013, Application of singularity analysis for mineral potential identification using geochemical data – A case study: Nanling W-Sn-Mo polymetallicmetallogenic belt, South China, J. Geochem. Explor., 134, 61, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.006
Luz, 2014, Cu- and Zn-Soil Anomalies in the NE Border of the South Portuguese Zone (Iberian Variscides, Portugal) Identified by Multifractal and Geostatistical Analyses, Nat. Resour. Res., 23, 195, 10.1007/s11053-013-9217-5
Mandelbrot, 1983
Monecke, 2001, Fractal distributions of veins in drill core from the Hellyer VHMS deposit, Australia: constraints on the origin and evolution of the mineralizing system, Mineral. Deposita, 36, 406, 10.1007/s001260100161
Nazarpour, 2014, Application of fractal models to characterization and evaluation of vertical distribution of geochemical data in Zarshuran gold deposit, NW Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 148, 60, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.08.007
Panahi, 2004, Modelling lake sediment geochemical distribution using principal component, indicator kriging and multifractal power-spectrum analysis: a case study from Gowganda, Ontario, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 4, 59, 10.1144/1467-7873/03-023
Plant, 2001, Environmental geochemistry at the global scale, Appl. Geochem., 16, 1291, 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00036-1
Reimann, 2005, Geochemical mapping: technique or art?, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 5, 359, 10.1144/1467-7873/03-051
Reimann, 2005, Sub-continental-scale geochemical mapping: sampling, quality control and data analysis issues, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 5, 311, 10.1144/1467-7873/03-065
Reimann, 2000, Normal and lognormal data distribution in geochemistry: death of a myth. Consequences for the statistical treatment of geochemical and environmental data, Environ. Geol., 39, 1001, 10.1007/s002549900081
Sadeghi, 2012, Application of fractal models to outline mineralized zones in the Zaghia iron ore deposit, Central Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 9, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.011
Sanderson, 1994, A fractal relationship between vein thickness and gold grade in drill core from La Codosera, Spain, Econ. Geol., 89, 168, 10.2113/gsecongeo.89.1.168
Shamseddin, 2014, Delineation of geochemical anomalies using factor analysis and multifractal modeling based on stream sediments data in Sarajeh 1:100,000 sheet, Central Iran, Arab. J. Geosci., 7, 5333, 10.1007/s12517-013-1074-3
Soltani, 2014, Delineation of alteration zones based on Sequential Gaussian Simulation and concentration–volume fractal modeling in the hypogene zone of Sungun copper deposit, NW Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 140, 64, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.02.007
Sun, 2014, Delineating the complexity of Cu-Mo mineralization in a porphyry intrusion by computational and fractal modeling: A case study of the Chehugou deposit in the Chifeng district, Inner Mongolia, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 144, 128, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.02.015
Sun, 2010, Application of local singularity model to delineate geochemical anomalies in Xiong'ershan gold and molybdenum ore district, Western Henan province, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 107, 21, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.06.001
Telford, 1990
Tukey, 1977
Turcotte, 1986, A fractal approach to the relationship between ore grade and tonnage, Econ. Geol., 81, 1528, 10.2113/gsecongeo.81.6.1528
Turcotte, 1997
Wang, 2015, A MATLAB-based program for processing geochemical data using fractal/multifractal modeling, Earth Sci. Inf., 10.1007/s12145-015-0215-5
Wang, 2011, Fractal models for estimating local reserves with different mineralization qualities and spatial variations, J. Geochem. Explor., 108, 196, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.02.008
Wang, 2012, Mapping of district-scale potential targets using fractal models, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 34, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.013
Wang, 2012, The fractal relationship between orebody tonnage and thickness, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 4, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.018
Wang, 2012, Tectonic–geochemical exploration modeling for characterizing geo-anomalies in southeastern Yunnan district, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 71, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.017
Wang, 2013, Quantitative assessment of mineral resources by combining geostatistics and fractal methods in the Tongshan porphyry Cu deposit (China), J. Geochem. Explor., 134, 85, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.004
Wang, 2013, Fault trace-oriented singularity mapping technique to characterize anisotropic geochemical signatures in Gejiu mineral district, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 134, 27, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.07.009
Xiao, 2012, Singularity mapping and spatially weighted principal component analysis to identify geochemical anomalies associated with Ag and Pb–Zn polymetallic mineralization in Northwest Zhejiang, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 90, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.010
Xiao, 2014, Element behavior analysis and its implications for geochemical anomaly identification: A case study for porphyry Cu–Mo deposits in Eastern Tianshan, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 145, 1, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.04.008
Xie, 2007, Application of local singularity in prospecting potential oil/gas targets, Nonlinear Process. Geophys., 14, 285, 10.5194/npg-14-285-2007
Xu, 2001, A fractal filtering technique for processing regional geochemical maps for mineral exploration, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 1, 147, 10.1144/geochem.1.2.147
Yousefi, 2012, Geochemical mineralization probability index (GMPI): A new approach to generate enhanced stream sediment geochemical evidential map for increasing probability of success in mineral potential mapping, J. Geochem. Explor., 115, 24, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.02.002
Yousefi, 2014, Application of staged factor analysis and logistic function to create a fuzzy stream sediment geochemical evidence layer for mineral prospectivity, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 14, 45, 10.1144/geochem2012-144
Zhao, 2012, Application of geochemical anomaly identification methods in mapping of intermediate and felsic igneous rocks in eastern Tianshan, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 81, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.08.006
Zhao, 2013, Investigation of spatially non-stationary influences of tectono-magmatic processes on Fe mineralization in eastern Tianshan, China with geographically weighted regression, J. Geochem. Explor., 134, 38, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.07.008
Zhao, 2014, Application of the tectono-geochemistry method to mineral prospectivity mapping: A case study of the Gaosong tin-polymetallic deposit, Gejiu district, SW China, Ore Geol. Rev.
Zimmerman, 1999, An experimental comparison ofordinary and universal kriging and inverse distance weighting, Math. Geol., 31, 375, 10.1023/A:1007586507433
Zuo, 2011, Decomposing of mixed pattern of arsenic using fractal model in Gangdese belt, Tibet, China, Appl. Geochem., 26, S271, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.122
Zuo, 2011, Identifying geochemical anomalies associated with Cu and Pb-Zn skarn mineralization using principal component analysis and spectrum-area fractal modeling in the Gangdese Belt, Tibet (China), J. Geochem. Explor., 111, 13, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.06.012
Zuo, 2012, Exploring the effects of cell size in geochemical mapping, J. Geochem. Explor., 112, 357, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.11.001
Zuo, 2014, Identification of geochemical anomalies associated with mineralization in the Fanshan district, Fujian, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 139, 170, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.013
Zuo, 2008, Mapping singularities – a technique to identify potential Cu mineral deposits using sediment geochemical data, an example for Tibet, west China, Mineral. Mag., 72, 531, 10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.531
Zuo, 2009, Application of singularity mapping technique to identify local anomalies using stream sediment geochemical data, a case study from Gangdese, Tibet, western China, J. Geochem. Explor., 101, 225, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.003
Zuo, 2009, Application of fractal models to characterization of vertical distribution of geochemical element concentration, J. Geochem. Explor., 102, 37, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.11.020
Zuo, 2012, Fractal/multifractal modelling of geochemical exploration data, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 1, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.09.009
Zuo, 2013, A comparison study of the C-A and S-A models with singularity analysis to identify geochemical anomalies in covered areas, Appl. Geochem., 33, 165, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.009