Fractal/multifractal modeling of geochemical data: A review

Journal of Geochemical Exploration - Tập 164 - Trang 33-41 - 2016
Renguang Zuo1, Jian Wang1
1State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Afzal, 2010, Geochemical anomaly separation by multifractal modeling in Kahang (GorGor) porphyry system, Central Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 104, 34, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.11.003

Afzal, 2011, Delineation of mineralization zones in porphyry Cu deposits by fractal concentration–volume modeling, J. Geochem. Explor., 18, 220, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.03.005

Afzal, 2012, Application of power–spectrum–volume fractal method for detecting hypogene, supergene enrichment, leached and barren zones in Kahang Cu porphyry deposit, Central Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 112, 131, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.08.002

Afzal, 2013, Application of spectrum–area fractal model to identify of geochemical anomalies based on soil data in Kahang porphyry–type Cu deposit, Iran, Chem. Erde, 73, 533, 10.1016/j.chemer.2013.08.001

Afzal, 2013, Delineation of gold mineralized zones using concentration–volume fractal model in Qolqoleh gold deposit, NW Iran, Ore Geol. Rev., 55, 125, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.05.005

Agterberg, 1996, Multifractal modeling of the sizes and grades of giant and supergiant deposits, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 33, A365, 10.1016/S0148-9062(97)87475-X

Agterberg, 2007, Mixtures of multiplicative cascade models in geochemistry, Nonlinear Process. Geophys., 14, 201, 10.5194/npg-14-201-2007

Agterberg, 2012, Multifractals and geostatistics, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 113, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.001

Agterberg, 2012, Sampling and analysis of chemical element concentration distribution in rock units and orebodies, Nonlinear Process. Geophys., 19, 23, 10.5194/npg-19-23-2012

Ahrens, 1954, The lognormal distribution of elements (a fundamental law of geochemistry and its subsidiary), Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 5, 49, 10.1016/0016-7037(54)90040-X

Ahrens, 1957, Lognormal-type distributions-III, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 11, 205, 10.1016/0016-7037(57)90094-7

Albanese, 2007, Geochemical background and baseline values of toxic elements in stream sediments of Campania region (Italy), J. Geochem. Explor., 93, 21, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2006.07.006

Ali, 2007, Multifractal power spectrum and singularity analysis for modelling stream sediment geochemical distribution patterns to identify anomalies related to gold mineralization in Yunnan Province, South China, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 7, 293, 10.1144/1467-7873/06-116

Arias, 2012, Multifractal analysis of geochemical anomalies: A tool for assessing prospectivity at the SE border of the Ossa Morena Zone, Variscan Massif (Spain), J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 101, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.08.007

Asadi, 2014, Exploratory data analysis and C-A fractal model applied in mapping multi-element soil anomalies for drilling: A case study from the Sari Gunay epithermal gold deposit, NW Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 145, 233, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.07.005

Bai, 2010, Mapping geochemical singularity using multifractal analysis: Application to anomaly definition on stream sediments data from Funin Sheet, Yunnan, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 104, 1, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.09.002

Behrens, 1997, Principles and Procedures of Exploratory Data Analysis, Psychol. Methods, 2, 131, 10.1037/1082-989X.2.2.131

Bölviken, 1992, The fractal nature of geochemical landscapes, J. Geochem. Explor., 43, 91, 10.1016/0375-6742(92)90001-O

Bonham-Carter, 1994, Geographic information systems for geoscientists: modeling with GIS

Cao, 2012, Quantification of anisotropic scale invariance of geochemical anomalies associated with Sn-Cu mineralization in Gejiu, Yunan Province, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 47, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.08.001

Carlson, 1991, Spatial distribution of ore deposits, Geology, 19, 111, 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0111:SDOOD>2.3.CO;2

Carranza, 2009, Geochemical Anomaly and Mineral Prospectivity Mapping in GIS, vol. 11

Carranza, 2010, Mapping of anomalies in continuous and discrete fields of stream sediment geochemical landscapes, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 10, 171, 10.1144/1467-7873/09-223

Chen, 2007, A novel iterative approach for mapping local singularities from geochemical data, Nonlinear Process. Geophys., 14, 317, 10.5194/npg-14-317-2007

Chen, 2015, Identifying gravity anomalies caused by granitic intrusions in Nanling mineral district, China: a multifractal perspective, Geophys. Prospect., 63, 256, 10.1111/1365-2478.12187

Cheng, 1999, Spatial and scaling modeling for geochemical anomaly separation, J. Geochem. Explor., 65, 175, 10.1016/S0375-6742(99)00028-X

Cheng, 1999, Multifractal interpolation, 245

Cheng, 2000, Interpolation by means of multifractal, kriging and moving average techniques

Cheng, 2005, A new model for incorporating spatial association and singularity in interpolation of exploratory data, 14, 1017

Cheng, 2007, Mapping singularities with stream sediment geochemical data for prediction of undiscovered mineral deposits in Gejiu, Yunnan Province, China, Ore Geol. Rev., 32, 314, 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.10.002

Cheng, 2008, Modeling local scaling properties for multiscale mapping, Vadose Zone J., 7, 525, 10.2136/vzj2007.0034

Cheng, 2012, Singularity theory and methods for mapping geochemical anomalies caused by buried sources and for predicting undiscovered mineral deposits in covered areas, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 55, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.07.007

Cheng, 2014, Vertical distribution of elements in regolith over mineral deposits andimplications for mapping geochemical weak anomalies in covered areas, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 14, 277, 10.1144/geochem2012-174

Cheng, 2009, Singularity analysis of ore-mineral and toxic trace elements in stream sediments, Comput. Geosci., 35, 234, 10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.034

Cheng, 1994, The separation of geochemical anomalies from background by fractal methods, J. Geochem. Explor., 51, 109, 10.1016/0375-6742(94)90013-2

Cheng, 1996, A spatial analysis method for geochemical anomaly separation, J. Geochem. Explor., 56, 183, 10.1016/S0375-6742(96)00035-0

Cheng, 1997, Statistical study of trace elements in the soluble organic and amorphous Fe-Mn phases of surficial sediments, Sudbury Basin 1. Multivariate and spatial analysis, J. Geochem. Explor., 59, 27, 10.1016/S0375-6742(96)00046-5

Cheng, 1999, Integrated spatial and spectral analysis for geochemical anomaly separation, vol. 1, 87

Cheng, 2000, Integrated Spatial and Spectrum Method for Geochemical Anomaly Separation, Nat. Resour. Res., 9, 43, 10.1023/A:1010109829861

Cheng, 2010, Density/area power-law models for separating multi-scale anomalies of ore and toxic elements in stream sediments in Gejiu mineral district, Yunnan Province, China, Biogeosciences, 7, 3019, 10.5194/bg-7-3019-2010

Cohen, 2010, Major advances in exploration geochemistry, 1998-2007, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 10, 3, 10.1144/1467-7873/09-215

Darnley, 1995, A Global Geochemical Database for environmental and resource management. Recommendations for internationalgeochemical mapping, 19

Delavar, 2012, Delineation of mineralization zones using concentration–volume fractal method in Pb-Zn carbonate hosted deposits, J. Geochem. Explor., 118, 98, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.05.003

Deng, 2010, Delineation and explanation of geochemical anomalies using fractal models in the Heqing area, Yunnan Province, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 105, 95, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.04.005

Feder, 1988

Gonçalves, 2001, Geochemical anomaly separation by multifractal modeling, J. Geochem. Explor., 72, 91, 10.1016/S0375-6742(01)00156-X

Grunsky, 2010, The interpretation of geochemical survey data, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 10, 27, 10.1144/1467-7873/09-210

Hassanpour, 2013, Application of concentration-number (C-N) multifractal modelling for geochemical anomaly separation in Haftcheshmeh porphyry system, NW Iran, Arab. J. Geosci., 6, 957, 10.1007/s12517-011-0396-2

Hawkes, 1962

He, 2013, Complexity and Productivity Differentiation Models of Metallogenic Indicator Elements in Rocks and Supergene Media Around Daijiazhuang Pb-Zn Deposit in Dangchang County, Gansu Province, Nat. Resour. Res., 22, 19, 10.1007/s11053-012-9193-1

He, 2014, Identification and assessment of Sn–polymetallic prospects in the Gejiu western district, Yunnan (China), J. Geochem. Explor., 145, 106, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.05.016

Heidari, 2013, Delineating mineralized phases based on lithogeochemical data using multifractal model in Touzlar epithermal Au–Ag (Cu) deposit, NW Iran, Appl. Geochem., 31, 119, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.12.014

Hosseini, 2014, Prospection of Au mineralization based on stream sediments and lithogeochemical data using multifractal modeling in Alut 1:100,000 sheet, NW Iran, Arab. J. Geosci.

Hurst, 1951, Long-term storage capacity of reservoirs, Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 116, 770, 10.1061/TACEAT.0006518

Jesus, 2013, Multi-fractal modelling and spatial Cu–soil anomaly analysis along the southern border of the Iberian Terrane in Portugal, J. Geochem. Explor., 126–127, 23, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.12.010

Krige, 1966, A study of gold and uranium distribution patterns in the Klerksdorp goldfield, Geoexploration, 4, 43, 10.1016/0016-7142(66)90010-X

Krige, 1978, Lognormal de–Wijsiangeostatistics for ore evaluation. South AfricanInstitute Mining and Metallurgy Monograph Series, Geostatistics, 1

Lam, 1983, Spatial interpolation methods: A review, Am. Cartogr., 10, 129, 10.1559/152304083783914958

Lavallee, 1993, Nonlinear variability and landscape topography: analysis and simulation, Fractals Geogr., 158–192

Li, 2003, Application of a fractal method relating concentrations and distances for separation of geochemical anomalies from background, J. Geochem. Explor., 77, 167, 10.1016/S0375-6742(02)00276-5

Lima, 2003, Multifractal IDW interpolation and fractal filtering method in environmental studies: an application on regional stream sediments of (Italy), Campania region, Appl. Geochem., 18, 1853, 10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00083-0

Lima, 2005, Geochemical baselines for the radioelements K, U, and Th in the Campania region, Italy: a comparison of stream–sediment geochemistry and gamma-ray surveys, J. Geochem. Explor., 20, 611

Lima, 2008, Interpolation methods for geochemical maps: a comparative study using arsenic data from European stream waters, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 8, 41, 10.1144/1467-7873/07-146

Lin, 2013, Application of factor analysis and concentration–volume fractal modeling to delineation of 3D geochemical patterns: a case study of the Jinwozi gold field, NW China, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 14, 359, 10.1144/geochem2013-229

Liu, 2013, Application of singularity analysis for mineral potential identification using geochemical data – A case study: Nanling W-Sn-Mo polymetallicmetallogenic belt, South China, J. Geochem. Explor., 134, 61, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.006

Luz, 2014, Cu- and Zn-Soil Anomalies in the NE Border of the South Portuguese Zone (Iberian Variscides, Portugal) Identified by Multifractal and Geostatistical Analyses, Nat. Resour. Res., 23, 195, 10.1007/s11053-013-9217-5

Mandelbrot, 1983

Monecke, 2001, Fractal distributions of veins in drill core from the Hellyer VHMS deposit, Australia: constraints on the origin and evolution of the mineralizing system, Mineral. Deposita, 36, 406, 10.1007/s001260100161

Nazarpour, 2014, Application of fractal models to characterization and evaluation of vertical distribution of geochemical data in Zarshuran gold deposit, NW Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 148, 60, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.08.007

Panahi, 2004, Modelling lake sediment geochemical distribution using principal component, indicator kriging and multifractal power-spectrum analysis: a case study from Gowganda, Ontario, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 4, 59, 10.1144/1467-7873/03-023

Plant, 2001, Environmental geochemistry at the global scale, Appl. Geochem., 16, 1291, 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00036-1

Reimann, 2005, Geochemical mapping: technique or art?, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 5, 359, 10.1144/1467-7873/03-051

Reimann, 2005, Sub-continental-scale geochemical mapping: sampling, quality control and data analysis issues, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 5, 311, 10.1144/1467-7873/03-065

Reimann, 2000, Normal and lognormal data distribution in geochemistry: death of a myth. Consequences for the statistical treatment of geochemical and environmental data, Environ. Geol., 39, 1001, 10.1007/s002549900081

Sadeghi, 2012, Application of fractal models to outline mineralized zones in the Zaghia iron ore deposit, Central Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 9, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.011

Sanderson, 1994, A fractal relationship between vein thickness and gold grade in drill core from La Codosera, Spain, Econ. Geol., 89, 168, 10.2113/gsecongeo.89.1.168

Shamseddin, 2014, Delineation of geochemical anomalies using factor analysis and multifractal modeling based on stream sediments data in Sarajeh 1:100,000 sheet, Central Iran, Arab. J. Geosci., 7, 5333, 10.1007/s12517-013-1074-3

Soltani, 2014, Delineation of alteration zones based on Sequential Gaussian Simulation and concentration–volume fractal modeling in the hypogene zone of Sungun copper deposit, NW Iran, J. Geochem. Explor., 140, 64, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.02.007

Sun, 2014, Delineating the complexity of Cu-Mo mineralization in a porphyry intrusion by computational and fractal modeling: A case study of the Chehugou deposit in the Chifeng district, Inner Mongolia, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 144, 128, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.02.015

Sun, 2010, Application of local singularity model to delineate geochemical anomalies in Xiong'ershan gold and molybdenum ore district, Western Henan province, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 107, 21, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.06.001

Telford, 1990

Tukey, 1977

Turcotte, 1986, A fractal approach to the relationship between ore grade and tonnage, Econ. Geol., 81, 1528, 10.2113/gsecongeo.81.6.1528

Turcotte, 1997

Turcotte, 2002, Fractals in petrology, Lithos, 65, 261, 10.1016/S0024-4937(02)00194-9

Wang, 2015, A MATLAB-based program for processing geochemical data using fractal/multifractal modeling, Earth Sci. Inf., 10.1007/s12145-015-0215-5

Wang, 2011, Fractal models for estimating local reserves with different mineralization qualities and spatial variations, J. Geochem. Explor., 108, 196, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.02.008

Wang, 2012, Mapping of district-scale potential targets using fractal models, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 34, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.013

Wang, 2012, The fractal relationship between orebody tonnage and thickness, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 4, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.018

Wang, 2012, Tectonic–geochemical exploration modeling for characterizing geo-anomalies in southeastern Yunnan district, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 71, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.017

Wang, 2013, Quantitative assessment of mineral resources by combining geostatistics and fractal methods in the Tongshan porphyry Cu deposit (China), J. Geochem. Explor., 134, 85, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.004

Wang, 2013, Fault trace-oriented singularity mapping technique to characterize anisotropic geochemical signatures in Gejiu mineral district, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 134, 27, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.07.009

Xiao, 2012, Singularity mapping and spatially weighted principal component analysis to identify geochemical anomalies associated with Ag and Pb–Zn polymetallic mineralization in Northwest Zhejiang, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 90, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.04.010

Xiao, 2014, Element behavior analysis and its implications for geochemical anomaly identification: A case study for porphyry Cu–Mo deposits in Eastern Tianshan, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 145, 1, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.04.008

Xie, 2007, Application of local singularity in prospecting potential oil/gas targets, Nonlinear Process. Geophys., 14, 285, 10.5194/npg-14-285-2007

Xu, 2001, A fractal filtering technique for processing regional geochemical maps for mineral exploration, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 1, 147, 10.1144/geochem.1.2.147

Yousefi, 2012, Geochemical mineralization probability index (GMPI): A new approach to generate enhanced stream sediment geochemical evidential map for increasing probability of success in mineral potential mapping, J. Geochem. Explor., 115, 24, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.02.002

Yousefi, 2014, Application of staged factor analysis and logistic function to create a fuzzy stream sediment geochemical evidence layer for mineral prospectivity, Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal., 14, 45, 10.1144/geochem2012-144

Zhao, 2012, Application of geochemical anomaly identification methods in mapping of intermediate and felsic igneous rocks in eastern Tianshan, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 81, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.08.006

Zhao, 2013, Investigation of spatially non-stationary influences of tectono-magmatic processes on Fe mineralization in eastern Tianshan, China with geographically weighted regression, J. Geochem. Explor., 134, 38, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.07.008

Zhao, 2014, Application of the tectono-geochemistry method to mineral prospectivity mapping: A case study of the Gaosong tin-polymetallic deposit, Gejiu district, SW China, Ore Geol. Rev.

Zimmerman, 1999, An experimental comparison ofordinary and universal kriging and inverse distance weighting, Math. Geol., 31, 375, 10.1023/A:1007586507433

Zuo, 2011, Decomposing of mixed pattern of arsenic using fractal model in Gangdese belt, Tibet, China, Appl. Geochem., 26, S271, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.122

Zuo, 2011, Identifying geochemical anomalies associated with Cu and Pb-Zn skarn mineralization using principal component analysis and spectrum-area fractal modeling in the Gangdese Belt, Tibet (China), J. Geochem. Explor., 111, 13, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.06.012

Zuo, 2012, Exploring the effects of cell size in geochemical mapping, J. Geochem. Explor., 112, 357, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.11.001

Zuo, 2014, Identification of geochemical anomalies associated with mineralization in the Fanshan district, Fujian, China, J. Geochem. Explor., 139, 170, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.013

Zuo, 2008, Mapping singularities – a technique to identify potential Cu mineral deposits using sediment geochemical data, an example for Tibet, west China, Mineral. Mag., 72, 531, 10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.531

Zuo, 2009, Application of singularity mapping technique to identify local anomalies using stream sediment geochemical data, a case study from Gangdese, Tibet, western China, J. Geochem. Explor., 101, 225, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.08.003

Zuo, 2009, Application of fractal models to characterization of vertical distribution of geochemical element concentration, J. Geochem. Explor., 102, 37, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.11.020

Zuo, 2012, Fractal/multifractal modelling of geochemical exploration data, J. Geochem. Explor., 122, 1, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.09.009

Zuo, 2013, A comparison study of the C-A and S-A models with singularity analysis to identify geochemical anomalies in covered areas, Appl. Geochem., 33, 165, 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.02.009

Zuo, 2015, Identification of weak anomalies: A multifractal perspective, J. Geochem. Explor., 148, 12, 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.05.005