Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Anesthesia and Analgesia - Tập 131 Số 2 - Trang 411-448 - 2020
Tong J. Gan1, Kumar G. Belani2, Sergio D. Bergese3, Frances Chung4, Pierre Diemunsch5,6, Ashraf S. Habib7, Zhaosheng Jin1, Anthony L. Kovac1, Tricia A. Meyer3,8, Richard D. Urman9, Christian C. Apfel4, Sabry Ayad5,10, Linda Beagley7, Keith Candiotti11, Marina Englesakis12, Traci L. Hedrick3, Peter Kranke4, Samuel Lee5, Daniel G. Lipman6, Harold S. Minkowitz13, John M. Morton1, Beverly K. Philip9
1Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
2Department of Anesthesiology, M Health Fairview, Masonic Children’s Hospital, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
3Department of Anesthesiology and Neurological Surgery, Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
4Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Resuscitation, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
6Department of the Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospitals of Hautepierre and CMCO, Strasbourg, France
7Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
8Department of Anesthesiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
9Department of Anesthesiology, and Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
10Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
11Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
12Library & Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
13Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Tóm tắt

This consensus statement presents a comprehensive and evidence-based set of guidelines for the care of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in both adult and pediatric populations. The guidelines are established by an international panel of experts under the auspices of the American Society of Enhanced Recovery and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia based on a comprehensive search and review of literature up to September 2019. The guidelines provide recommendation on identifying high-risk patients, managing baseline PONV risks, choices for prophylaxis, and rescue treatment of PONV as well as recommendations for the institutional implementation of a PONV protocol. In addition, the current guidelines focus on the evidence for newer drugs (eg, second-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 [5-HT3] receptor antagonists, neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonists, and dopamine antagonists), discussion regarding the use of general multimodal PONV prophylaxis, and PONV management as part of enhanced recovery pathways. This set of guidelines have been endorsed by 23 professional societies and organizations from different disciplines (Appendix 1). What Other Guidelines Are Available on This Topic? Guidelines currently available include the 3 iterations of the consensus guideline we previously published, which was last updated 6 years ago 1–3 ; a guideline published by American Society of Health System Pharmacists in 1999 4 ; a brief discussion on PONV management as part of a comprehensive postoperative care guidelines 5 ; focused guidelines published by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, 6 the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain & Ireland 7 and the Association of Perianesthesia Nursing 8 ; and several guidelines published in other languages. 9–12 Why Was This Guideline Developed? The current guideline was developed to provide perioperative practitioners with a comprehensive and up-to-date, evidence-based guidance on the risk stratification, prevention, and treatment of PONV in both adults and children. The guideline also provides guidance on the management of PONV within enhanced recovery pathways. How Does This Guideline Differ From Existing Guidelines? The previous consensus guideline was published 6 years ago with a literature search updated to October 2011. Several guidelines, which have been published since, are either limited to a specific populations 7 or do not address all aspects of PONV management. 13 The current guideline was developed based on a systematic review of the literature published up through September 2019. This includes recent studies of newer pharmacological agents such as the second-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, a dopamine antagonist, neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonists as well as several novel combination therapies. In addition, it also contains an evidence-based discussion on the management of PONV in enhanced recovery pathways. We have also discussed the implementation of a general multimodal PONV prophylaxis in all at-risk surgical patients based on the consensus of the expert panel.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

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Sodhi, 2007, A comparative study of granisetron, dexamethasone, and granisetron plus dexamethasone as prophylactic antiemetic therapy in female patients undergoing breast surgery., J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol, 23, 373

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D’Angelo, 2005, A randomized, double-blind, close-ranging, pilot study of intravenous granisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients abdominal hysterectomy., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 22, 774, 10.1017/S0265021505001286

Wilson, 1996, Single-dose i.v. granisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Br J Anaesth, 76, 515, 10.1093/bja/76.4.515

Mikawa, 1997, Optimal dose of granisetron for prophylaxis against postoperative emesis after gynecological surgery., Anesth Analg, 85, 652, 10.1213/00000539-199709000-00030

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Tramèr, 1997, Efficacy, dose-response, and safety of ondansetron in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials., Anesthesiology, 87, 1277, 10.1097/00000542-199712000-00004

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Gan, 2009, Double-blind comparison of granisetron, promethazine, or a combination of both for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in females undergoing outpatient laparoscopies., Can J Anaesth, 56, 829, 10.1007/s12630-009-9175-x

Choi, 2008, Effect of ramosetron on patient-controlled analgesia related nausea and vomiting after spine surgery in highly susceptible patients: comparison with ondansetron., Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 33, E602, 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817c6bde

Gan, 2011, Rolapitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial., Anesth Analg, 112, 804, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31820886c3

Kranke, 2002, The efficacy and safety of transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review., Anesth Analg, 95, 133, 10.1097/00000539-200207000-00024

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Bala, 2014, Comparison of palonosetron with palonosetron-dexamethasone combination for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy., Minerva Anestesiol, 80, 779

Cho, 2018, Efficacy of palonosetron-dexamethasone combination versus palonosetron alone for preventing nausea and vomiting related to opioid-based analgesia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial., Int J Med Sci, 15, 961, 10.7150/ijms.24230

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Ryoo, 2015, The effect of combination treatment using palonosetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting versus dexamethasone alone in women receiving intravenous patient-controlled analgesia., Korean J Anesthesiol, 68, 267, 10.4097/kjae.2015.68.3.267

Kumar, 2018, Comparison of palonosetron and dexamethasone with ondansetron and dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting in postchemotherapy ovarian cancer surgeries requiring opioid-based patient-controlled analgesia: a randomised, double-blind, active controlled study., Indian J Anaesth, 62, 773, 10.4103/ija.IJA_437_18

Lee, 2015, Comparison of ramosetron plus dexamethasone with ramosetron alone on postoperative nausea, vomiting, shivering and pain after thyroid surgery., Korean J Pain, 28, 39, 10.3344/kjp.2015.28.1.39

Narayanappa, 2017, Intravenous palonosetron compared with a combination of ramosetron and dexamethasone in preventing post operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynaecological surgeries under spinal anaesthesia, a randomised study., Indian J Anaesth, 61, 144, 10.4103/0019-5049.199851

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Zhou, 2012, Combination of dexamethasone and tropisetron before thyroidectomy to alleviate postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain: randomized controlled trial., World J Surg, 36, 1217, 10.1007/s00268-011-1363-5

Yu, 2013, Antiemetic effects of combined methylprednisolone and tropisetron in mastectomy., Minerva Anestesiol, 79, 130

Vallejo, 2012, Aprepitant plus ondansetron compared with ondansetron alone in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory patients undergoing plastic surgery., Plast Reconstr Surg, 129, 519, 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31822b6932

Sinha, 2014, Aprepitant’s prophylactic efficacy in decreasing postoperative nausea and vomiting in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery., Obes Surg, 24, 225, 10.1007/s11695-013-1065-1

Lee, 2012, The effect of aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery with intravenous patient controlled analgesia using fentanyl: aprepitant plus ramosetron vs ramosetron alone., Korean J Anesthesiol, 63, 221, 10.4097/kjae.2012.63.3.221

Choi, 2016, Comparison of the prophylactic antiemetic efficacy of aprepitant plus palonosetron versus aprepitant plus ramosetron in patients at high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized-controlled trial., Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 26, 354, 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000316

Kawano, 2015, Antiemetic efficacy of combined aprepitant and dexamethasone in patients at high-risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting from epidural fentanyl analgesia., Minerva Anestesiol, 81, 362

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Matsota, 2015, Ondansetron-droperidol combination vs ondansetron or droperidol monotherapy in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Arch Med Sci, 11, 362, 10.5114/aoms.2015.50968

Papadima, 2013, Granisetron versus tropisetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after total thyroidectomy., Saudi J Anaesth, 7, 68, 10.4103/1658-354X.109817

Hu, 2017, Higher dose of palonosetron versus lower dose of palonosetron plus droperidol to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after eye enucleation and orbital hydroxyapatite implant surgery: a randomized, double-blind trial., Drug Des Devel Ther, 11, 1465, 10.2147/DDDT.S129022

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Cho, 2016, Betahistine reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynecological surgery., Minerva Anestesiol, 82, 649

Mukhopadhyay, 2013, Betahistine as an add-on: the magic bullet for postoperative nausea, vomiting and dizziness after middle ear surgery?, J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol, 29, 205, 10.4103/0970-9185.111725

Kim, 2017, Combination of gabapentin and ramosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery: a prospective randomized comparative study., BMC Anesthesiol, 17, 65, 10.1186/s12871-017-0357-8

Kim, 2013, Ramosetron, midazolam, and combination of ramosetron and midazolam for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study., J Int Med Res, 41, 1203, 10.1177/0300060513485864

Joo, 2015, Haloperidol dose combined with dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis in high-risk patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, dose-response and placebo-controlled study., BMC Anesthesiol, 15, 99, 10.1186/s12871-015-0081-1

Wang, 2012, Comparison of dexamethasone with ondansetron or haloperidol for prevention of patient-controlled analgesia-related postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized clinical trial., World J Surg, 36, 775, 10.1007/s00268-012-1446-y

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Candiotti, 2019, Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intravenous amisulpride as treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who have had no prior prophylaxis., Anesth Analg, 128, 1098, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003733

Aghadavoudi, 2019, Evaluating the effect of intravenous haloperidol and midazolam on postoperative nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery., J Isfahan Medical School, 281

Honarmand, 2012, Prophylactic administration of haloperidol plus midazolam reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting better than using each drug alone in patients undergoing middle ear surgery., Saudi J Anaesth, 6, 145, 10.4103/1658-354X.97028

Ana Sofia del Castillo, 2011, Effectiveness and cost-benefit of using acupuncture as prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting., Revista Mexicana de Anestesiologia, 34, 67

White, 2012, Use of a disposable acupressure device as part of a multimodal antiemetic strategy for reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 115, 31, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182536f27

Nado, 2017, A comparative study between propofol and propofol plus dexamethasone as antiemetic during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia., J Med Soc, 31, 174, 10.4103/0972-4958.211102

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Misra, 2013, The effect of gabapentin premedication on postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain in patients on preoperative dexamethasone undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumors., J Neurosurg Anesthesiol, 25, 386, 10.1097/ANA.0b013e31829327eb

Shen, 2014, Dexamethasone, ondansetron, and their combination and postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials., Paediatr Anaesth, 24, 490, 10.1111/pan.12374

Shende, 2001, Combination of droperidol and ondansetron reduces PONV after pediatric strabismus surgery more than single drug therapy., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 45, 756, 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045006756.x

Holt, 2000, Tropisetron plus dexamethasone is more effective than tropisetron alone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy., Paediatr Anaesth, 10, 181, 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2000.00475.x

Tricco, 2015, Comparative efficacy of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists in patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis., BMC Med, 13, 136, 10.1186/s12916-015-0371-y

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Wang, 2015, Dexamethasone versus ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials., BMC Anesthesiol, 15, 118, 10.1186/s12871-015-0100-2

Yazbeck-Karam, 2017, Haloperidol versus ondansetron for treatment of established nausea and vomiting following general anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial., Anesth Analg, 124, 438, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001723

Joo, 2016, Ramosetron versus ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting in strabismus surgery patients., BMC Anesthesiol, 16, 41, 10.1186/s12871-016-0210-5

Ryu, 2014, A prospective, randomized, double-blind, and multicenter trial of prophylactic effects of ramosetronon postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after craniotomy: comparison with ondansetron., BMC Anesthesiol, 14, 63, 10.1186/1471-2253-14-63

Savant, 2016, Comparison of ondansetron and granisetron for antiemetic prophylaxis in maxillofacial surgery patients receiving general anesthesia: a prospective, randomised, and double blind study., J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg, 42, 84, 10.5125/jkaoms.2016.42.2.84

Kim, 2013, Palonosetron has superior prophylactic antiemetic efficacy compared with ondansetron or ramosetron in high-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study., Korean J Anesthesiol, 64, 517, 10.4097/kjae.2013.64.6.517

Moon, 2012, Anti-emetic effect of ondansetron and palonosetron in thyroidectomy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study., Br J Anaesth, 108, 417, 10.1093/bja/aer423

Park, 2011, A randomized, double-blind trial of palonosetron compared with ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynaecological laparoscopic surgery., J Int Med Res, 39, 399, 10.1177/147323001103900207

Tsutsumi, 2014, The effects of intravenous fosaprepitant and ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in neurosurgery patients: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study., Biomed Res Int, 2014, 307025, 10.1155/2014/307025

Wu, 2012, Efficacy of ondansetron vs metoclopramide in prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Hepatogastroenterology, 59, 2064

Kamali, 2018, Investigation of ondansetron, haloperidol, and dexmedetomidine efficacy for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with abdominal hysterectomy., Open Access Maced J Med Sci, 6, 1659, 10.3889/oamjms.2018.366

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Chan, 1998, Single-dose tropisetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery., Anesth Analg, 87, 931, 10.1213/00000539-199810000-00035

Alon, 1996, Tropisetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing gynecologic surgery., Anesth Analg, 82, 338

Yokoi, 2017, Comparative efficacy of ramosetron and ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis., PLoS One, 12, e0186006, 10.1371/journal.pone.0186006

Roh, 2014, Efficacy of palonosetron versus ramosetron on preventing opioid-based analgesia-related nausea and vomiting after lumbar spinal surgery: a prospective, randomized, and double-blind trial., Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 39, E543, 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000236

Choi, 2018, Comparison of ramosetron and ondansetron for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded multicenter trial., Ther Clin Risk Manag, 14, 601, 10.2147/TCRM.S159211

Rojas, 2008, Palonosetron exhibits unique molecular interactions with the 5-HT3 receptor., Anesth Analg, 107, 469, 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172fa74

Rojas, 2014, Molecular mechanisms of 5-HT(3) and NK(1) receptor antagonists in prevention of emesis., Eur J Pharmacol, 722, 26, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.08.049

Park, 2011, A randomized controlled trial of two different interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol and remifentanil versus prophylactic palonosetron with inhalational anaesthesia using sevoflurane-nitrous oxide., J Int Med Res, 39, 1808, 10.1177/147323001103900523

Bang, 2016, A randomized, double-blind trial evaluating the efficacy of palonosetron with total intravenous anesthesia using propofol and remifentanil for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecologic surgery., J Anesth, 30, 935, 10.1007/s00540-016-2249-3

Kang, 2014, Evaluation of the ability of continuous palonosetron infusion, using a patient-controlled analgesia device, to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting., Korean J Anesthesiol, 67, 110, 10.4097/kjae.2014.67.2.110

Diemunsch, 2007, Single-dose aprepitant vs ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery., Br J Anaesth, 99, 202, 10.1093/bja/aem133

Kakuta, 2015, The effects of intravenous fosaprepitant and ondansetron in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who underwent lower limb surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study., J Anesth, 29, 836, 10.1007/s00540-015-2054-4

Murakami, 2017, A comparison of fosaprepitant and ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in moderate to high risk patients: a retrospective database analysis., Biomed Res Int, 2017, 5703528, 10.1155/2017/5703528

Soga, 2015, Fosaprepitant versus ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who undergo gynecologic abdominal surgery with patient-controlled epidural analgesia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study., J Anesth, 29, 696, 10.1007/s00540-015-2006-z

Kranke, 2015, Comparison of vestipitant with ondansetron for the treatment of breakthrough postoperative nausea and vomiting after failed prophylaxis with ondansetron., Br J Anaesth, 114, 423, 10.1093/bja/aeu376

Yamanaga, 2017, A single perioperative injection of dexamethasone decreases nausea, vomiting, and pain after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy., J Transplant, 2017, 3518103, 10.1155/2017/3518103

Yue, 2017, Perioperative systemic steroid for rapid recovery in total knee and hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials., J Orthop Surg Res, 12, 100, 10.1186/s13018-017-0601-4

Mihara, 2016, Effects of steroids on quality of recovery and adverse events after general anesthesia: meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials., PLoS One, 11, e0162961, 10.1371/journal.pone.0162961

Zou, 2014, The impact of prophylactic dexamethasone on nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis., PLoS One, 9, e109582, 10.1371/journal.pone.0109582

Paul, 2018, Randomised control study of palonosetron versus dexamethasone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting following ear and nose surgeries under general anesthesia., J Clin Diagn Res, 12

Chatterjee, 2017, Comparison of efficacy of palonosetron-dexamethasone combination with palonosetron or dexamethasone alone for prophylaxis against post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy., Indian J Anaesth, 61, 978, 10.4103/ija.IJA_317_17

Singh, 2018, Perioperative antiemetic efficacy of dexamethasone versus 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials., Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 74, 1201, 10.1007/s00228-018-2495-4

Liu, 2017, Preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids can reduce postoperative acute pain following total knee arthroplasty., Medicine (United States), 96, e7836

Parthasarathy, 2018, The effect of single-dose intravenous dexamethasone on postoperative pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia: a double-blind randomized clinical study., Anesth Essays Res, 12, 313, 10.4103/aer.AER_159_17

Waldron, 2013, Impact of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesia and side-effects: systematic review and meta-analysis., Br J Anaesth, 110, 191, 10.1093/bja/aes431

Cortes-Flores, 2018, Effects of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting and respiratory function in women undergoing conservative breast surgery for cancer: results of a controlled clinical trial., European J Cancer Care, 27:e12686

Kleif, 2017, Randomized clinical trial of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis., Br J Surg, 104, 384, 10.1002/bjs.10418

Backes, 2013, Dexamethasone reduces length of hospitalization and improves postoperative pain and nausea after total joint arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized controlled trial., J Arthroplasty, 28, 11, 10.1016/j.arth.2013.05.041

Polderman, 2018, Adverse side effects of dexamethasone in surgical patients., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 8, CD011940

Sandini, 2018, Intraoperative dexamethasone decreases infectious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy and is associated with long-term survival in pancreatic cancer., Ann Surg Oncol, 25, 4020, 10.1245/s10434-018-6827-5

Toner, 2017, Safety of perioperative glucocorticoids in elective noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Anesthesiology, 126, 234, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001466

Tien, 2016, The effect of anti-emetic doses of dexamethasone on postoperative blood glucose levels in non-diabetic and diabetic patients: a prospective randomised controlled study., Anaesthesia, 71, 1037, 10.1111/anae.13544

Low, 2015, Postoperative hyperglycemia after 4- vs 8-10-mg dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis in patients with type II diabetes mellitus: a retrospective database analysis., J Clin Anesth, 27, 589, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.07.003

Godshaw, 2018, The effects of peri-operative dexamethasone on patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty: is it safe for diabetics?, J Arthroplasty, 18, 18

Kainulainen, 2018, More harm than benefit of perioperative dexamethasone on recovery following reconstructive head and neck cancer surgery: a prospective double-blind randomized trial., J Oral Maxillofacial Surg, 01, 01

Keller, 2013, The steroid controversy: where are we?, ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec, 75, 155, 10.1159/000342316

Mahant, 2014, Dexamethasone and risk of bleeding in children undergoing tonsillectomy., Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 150, 872, 10.1177/0194599814521555

De Oliveira, 2014, Is dexamethasone associated with recurrence of ovarian cancer?, Anesth Analg, 118, 1213, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182a5d656

Merk, 2016, Impact of postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis with dexamethasone on the risk of recurrence of endometrial cancer., Curr Med Res Opin, 32, 453, 10.1185/03007995.2015.1123146

Xu, 2018, Multiple doses of perioperative dexamethasone further improve clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled study., J Arthroplasty, 33, 3448, 10.1016/j.arth.2018.06.031

Wu, 2018, Perioperative multiple low-dose dexamethasones improves postoperative clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty., BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 19, 428, 10.1186/s12891-018-2359-1

Weren, 2008, Methylprednisolone vs dexamethasone in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial., Acta Anaesthesiol Belg, 59, 1

Hasan, 2018, Perioperative adjuvant corticosteroids for postoperative analgesia in knee arthroplasty., Acta Orthopaedica, 89, 71, 10.1080/17453674.2017.1391409

Bjerregaard, 2018, High-dose methylprednisolone in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy: a randomized controlled trial., Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 53, 209, 10.1093/ejcts/ezx248

Olanders, 2014, Betamethasone in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following breast surgery., J Clin Anesth, 26, 461, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2014.02.006

Smyla, 2019, Amisulpride for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review (meta-analysis)., Drugs Future, 44, 453, 10.1358/dof.2019.44.6.2973350

Habib, 2019, Amisulpride for the rescue treatment of postoperative nausea or vomiting in patients failing prophylaxis: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial., Anesthesiology, 130, 203, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002509

Kranke, 2018, Amisulpride prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients at high risk: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial., Anesthesiology, 128, 1099, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002133

Täubel, 2017, Thorough QT study of the effect of intravenous amisulpride on QTc interval in Caucasian and Japanese healthy subjects., Br J Clin Pharmacol, 83, 339, 10.1111/bcp.13128

Habib, 2003, Food and drug administration black box warning on the perioperative use of droperidol: a review of the cases., Anesth Analg, 96, 1377, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000063923.87560.37

Tracz, 2015, Small doses of droperidol do not present relevant torsadogenic actions: a double-blind, ondansetron-controlled study., Br J Clin Pharmacol, 79, 669, 10.1111/bcp.12527

Agámez Medina, 2015, Effects of droperidol and ondansetron on dispersion of ventricular repolarization: a randomized double-blind clinical study in anesthetized adult patients., Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim, 62, 495, 10.1016/j.redar.2015.01.017

Chan, 2006, The additive interactions between ondansetron and droperidol for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 103, 1155, 10.1213/01.ane.0000239223.74552.0a

Nuttall, 2013, Does low-dose droperidol increase the risk of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or death in the surgical patient?, Anesthesiology, 118, 382, 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31827dde8d

Charton, 2018, Incidence of akathisia after postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis with droperidol and ondansetron in outpatient surgery: a multicentre controlled randomised trial., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 35, 966, 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000821

Schaub, 2012, Low-dose droperidol (≤1 mg or ≤15 μg kg-1) for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults: quantitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 29, 286, 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328352813f

Habib, 2008, Haloperidol for postoperative nausea and vomiting: are we reinventing the wheel?, Anesth Analg, 106, 1343, 10.1213/ane.0b013e31816a6aff

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Wang, 2008, Low-dose haloperidol prevents post-operative nausea and vomiting after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 52, 280, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01525.x

Yang, 2008, The timing of haloperidol administration does not affect its prophylactic antiemetic efficacy., Can J Anaesth, 55, 270, 10.1007/BF03017203

Henzi, 1999, Metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled studies., Br J Anaesth, 83, 761, 10.1093/bja/83.5.761

Habib, 2013, Scientific fraud: impact of Fujii’s data on our current knowledge and practice for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 116, 520, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31827ab7d8

De Oliveira, 2016, Dose-ranging effect of systemic diphenhydramine on postoperative quality of recovery after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial., J Clin Anesth, 34, 46, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.03.046

Deitrick, 2015, A comparison of two differing doses of promethazine for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting., J Perianesth Nurs, 30, 5, 10.1016/j.jopan.2014.01.009

Habib, 2007, A comparison of ondansetron with promethazine for treating postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who received prophylaxis with ondansetron: a retrospective database analysis., Anesth Analg, 104, 548, 10.1213/01.ane.0000252433.73485.be

Khademi, 2010, Effects of preoperative gabapentin on postoperative nausea and vomiting after open cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study., Med Princ Pract, 19, 57, 10.1159/000252836

Pandey, 2006, Prophylactic gabapentin for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study., J Postgrad Med, 52, 97

Koç, 2007, The preoperative use of gabapentin, dexamethasone, and their combination in varicocele surgery: a randomized controlled trial., Anesth Analg, 105, 1137, 10.1213/01.ane.0000278869.00918.b7

Wang, 2017, The efficacy of gabapentin in reducing pain intensity and postoperative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis., Medicine (Baltimore), 96, e8007, 10.1097/MD.0000000000008007

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Grant, 2016, The effect of intravenous midazolam on postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis., Anesth Analg, 122, 656, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000941

Safavi, 2009, Low dose intravenous midazolam for prevention of PONV, in lower abdominal surgery–preoperative vs intraoperative administration., Middle East J Anaesthesiol, 20, 75

Lee, 2007, Midazolam vs ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomised controlled trial., Anaesthesia, 62, 18, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04895.x

Jabalameli, 2012, Treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a randomized, double-blinded comparison of midazolam, ondansetron, and a combination., Adv Biomed Res, 1, 2, 10.4103/2277-9175.94424

Rothenberg, 1991, Efficacy of ephedrine in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 72, 58, 10.1213/00000539-199101000-00010

Hagemann, 2000, Intramuscular ephedrine reduces emesis during the first three hours after abdominal hysterectomy., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 44, 107, 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440119.x

Lee, 2015, Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 11, CD003281

Frey, 2009, P6 acustimulation effectively decreases postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients., Br J Anaesth, 102, 620, 10.1093/bja/aep014

Arnberger, 2007, Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade at the P6 acupuncture point reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesthesiology, 107, 903, 10.1097/01.anes.0000290617.98058.d9

Kim, 2011, The efficacy of several neuromuscular monitoring modes at the P6 acupuncture point in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 112, 819, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31820f819e

Alizadeh, 2014, Acupuncture in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: efficacy of two acupuncture points versus a single one., J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 7, 71, 10.1016/j.jams.2013.04.005

Chen, 2014, Ondansetron combined with ST36 (Zusanli) acupuncture point injection for postoperative vomiting., Acupunct Med, 32, 124, 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010340

Zorrilla-Vaca, 2019, Perioperative dextrose infusion and postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis of randomized trials., Anesth Analg, 129, 943, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004019

Awad, 2013, A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery., Clin Nutr, 32, 34, 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.10.011

Hines, 2018, Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, CD007598

Tóth, 2018, Ginger (Zingiber officinale): an alternative for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis., Phytomedicine, 50, 8, 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.007

Hovaguimian, 2013, Effect of intraoperative high inspired oxygen fraction on surgical site infection, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pulmonary function: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials., Anesthesiology, 119, 303, 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31829aaff4

Darvall, 2017, Chewing gum for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a pilot randomized controlled trial., Br J Anaesth, 118, 83, 10.1093/bja/aew375

Kekecs, 2014, The effectiveness of suggestive techniques in reducing postoperative side effects: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials., Anesth Analg, 119, 1407, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000466

Lincoln, 2014, Impact of healing touch with healing harp on inpatient acute care pain: a retrospective analysis., Holist Nurs Pract, 28, 164, 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000023

Kurdi, 2018, Intraoperative meditation music as an adjunct to subarachnoid block for the improvement of postoperative outcomes following cesarean section: a randomized placebo-controlled comparative study., Anesth Essays Res, 12, 618, 10.4103/aer.AER_114_18

Prapaitrakool, 2010, Morinda citrifolia Linn. for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., J Med Assoc Thai, 93, S204

Barrons, 2017, Low-dose naloxone for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Pharmacotherapy, 37, 546, 10.1002/phar.1930

Ahsan, 2014, Comparison of efficacy of ondansetron and dexamethasone combination and ondansetron alone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy., J Pak Med Assoc, 64, 242

Desai, 2013, Comparison of the antiemetic effect of ramosetron with the combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron in middle ear surgery: a double-blind, randomized clinical study., Saudi J Anaesth, 7, 254, 10.4103/1658-354X.115328

Gupta, 2018, Minimum effective dose of dexamethasone in combination with midazolam as prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy., Anesth Essays Res, 12, 396, 10.4103/aer.AER_19_18

Bhattarai, 2011, Comparison of ondansetron and combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone as a prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery., J Emerg Trauma Shock, 4, 168, 10.4103/0974-2700.82200

Honarmand, 2016, Prophylactic antiemetic effects of midazolam, ondansetron, and their combination after middle ear surgery., J Res Pharm Pract, 5, 16, 10.4103/2279-042X.176556

Imeh, 2014, Dexamethasone versus a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron as prophylactic antiemetic in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for caesarean section., Afr Health Sci, 14, 453, 10.4314/ahs.v14i2.23

Kiran, 2013, Comparison of the efficacy of ondansetron versus ondansetron and dexamethasone in the prevention/reduction of post-operative nausea & vomiting after elective surgeries under general anaesthesia., J Chem Pharm Res, 5, 1126

Lim, 2013, Efficacy of the oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant administered with ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Korean J Anesthesiol, 64, 212, 10.4097/kjae.2013.64.3.212

Park, 2013, Comparison of ramosetron with combined ramosetron and midazolam for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients at high risk following laparoscopic gynaecological surgery., J Int Med Res, 41, 654, 10.1177/0300060513487627

Kovac, 2013, Update on the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Drugs, 73, 1525, 10.1007/s40265-013-0110-7

Didehvar, 2013, A randomized, double blind study to evaluate the efficacy of palonosetron with dexamethasone versus palonosetron alone for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in subjects undergoing bariatric surgeries with high emetogenic risk., Open Anesthesiol J, 7, 30, 10.2174/1874321801307010030

Swaro, 2018, Comparison of palonosetron, dexamethasone, and palonosetron plus dexamethasone as prophylactic antiemetic and antipruritic drug in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for lower segment cesarean section., Anesth Essays Res, 12, 322, 10.4103/aer.AER_183_17

Park, 2012, The comparative study to evaluate the effect of palonosetron monotherapy versus palonosetron with dexamethasone combination therapy for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Korean J Anesthesiol, 63, 334, 10.4097/kjae.2012.63.4.334

Blitz, 2012, A randomized double blind study to evaluate efficacy of palonosetron with dexamethasone versus palonosetron alone for prevention of postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting in subjects undergoing laparoscopic surgeries with high emetogenic risk., Am J Ther, 19, 324, 10.1097/MJT.0b013e318209dff1

Yoo, 2018, Aprepitant in combination with palonosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia., Korean J Anesthesiol, 71, 440, 10.4097/kja.d.18.00011

Sharma, 2015, Postoperative nausea and vomiting: palonosetron with dexamethasone vs ondansetron with dexamethasone in laparoscopic hysterectomies., Oman Med J, 30, 252, 10.5001/omj.2015.51

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Habib, 2011, A comparison of the combination of aprepitant and dexamethasone versus the combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing craniotomy., Anesth Analg, 112, 813, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181ff47e2

Green, 2012, Randomized, double-blind comparison of oral aprepitant alone compared with aprepitant and transdermal scopolamine for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Br J Anaesth, 109, 716, 10.1093/bja/aes233

Kasagi, 2013, Antiemetic effect of naloxone in combination with dexamethasone and droperidol in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery., J Anesth, 27, 879, 10.1007/s00540-013-1630-8

El-Deeb, 2011, Evaluation of combination antiemetic prophylaxis in high risk emetogenic patients undergoing thyroid surgery: a randomized double-blind study., Egypt J Anaesth, 27, 203, 10.1016/j.egja.2011.08.002

Ormel, 2011, Dexamethasone has additive effect when combined with ondansetron and droperidol for treatment of established PONV., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 55, 1196, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02536.x

Rüsch, 2010, Nausea and vomiting after surgery under general anesthesia: an evidence-based review concerning risk assessment, prevention, and treatment., Dtsch Arztebl Int, 107, 733

Cheong, 2013, The effectiveness of acupuncture in prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting–a systematic review and meta-analysis., PLoS One, 8, e82474, 10.1371/journal.pone.0082474

D’souza, 2011, Comparative study of dexamethasone and ondansetron for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic gynecologic surgery., Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 113, 124, 10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.022

Dzwonczyk, 2012, Postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis from an economic point of view., Am J Ther, 19, 11, 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181e7a512

Gupta, 2014, Emetogenicity-risk procedures in same day surgery center of an academic university hospital in United States: a retrospective cost-audit of postoperative nausea vomiting management., Middle East J Anaesthesiol, 22, 493

Parra-Sanchez, 2012, A time-motion economic analysis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgery., Can J Anaesth, 59, 366, 10.1007/s12630-011-9660-x

Watcha, 1994, Cost-effectiveness analysis of antiemetic therapy for ambulatory surgery., J Clin Anesth, 6, 370, 10.1016/S0952-8180(05)80006-6

Tramèr, 1999, Cost-effectiveness of ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anaesthesia, 54, 226, 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.00704.x

Kranke, 2007, Algorithms for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: an efficacy and efficiency simulation., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 24, 856, 10.1017/S0265021507000713

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Drummond, 1996, Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ. The BMJ economic evaluation working party., BMJ, 313, 275, 10.1136/bmj.313.7052.275

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Weinstein, 1996, Recommendations of the panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine., JAMA, 276, 1253, 10.1001/jama.1996.03540150055031

Macario, 1999, Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients., Anesth Analg, 89, 652, 10.1213/00000539-199909000-00022

Gan, 2003, How much are patients willing to pay to avoid intraoperative awareness?, J Clin Anesth, 15, 108, 10.1016/S0952-8180(02)00507-X

Diez, 1998, Assessing the willingness of parents to pay for reducing postoperative emesis in children., Pharmacoeconomics, 13, 589, 10.2165/00019053-199813050-00011

Bocskai, 2018, Cost-effectiveness of anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane or propofol with and without additional monitoring: a prospective, randomized controlled trial., BMC Anesthesiol, 18, 100, 10.1186/s12871-018-0563-z

Elliott, 2002, Which anaesthetic agents are cost-effective in day surgery? Literature review, national survey of practice and randomised controlled trial., Health Technol Assess, 6, 1, 10.3310/hta6300

Marrett, 2016, Health care utilization and costs associated with nausea and vomiting in patients receiving oral immediate-release opioids for outpatient acute pain management., Pain Ther, 5, 215, 10.1007/s40122-016-0057-y

Carroll, 1994, Costs incurred by outpatient surgical centers in managing postoperative nausea and vomiting., J Clin Anesth, 6, 364, 10.1016/S0952-8180(05)80004-2

Dexter, 1995, Analysis of strategies to decrease postanesthesia care unit costs., Anesthesiology, 82, 94, 10.1097/00000542-199501000-00013

Berger, 2018, Prevalence and risk factors for bariatric surgery readmissions: findings from 130,007 admissions in the metabolic and bariatric surgery accreditation and quality improvement program., Ann Surg, 267, 122, 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002079

Scuderi, 1999, Antiemetic prophylaxis does not improve outcomes after outpatient surgery when compared to symptomatic treatment., Anesthesiology, 90, 360, 10.1097/00000542-199902000-00006

Salman, 2018, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric subjects., J Pediatr Surg, 21, 21

Olutoye, 2003, A comparison of the costs and efficacy of ondansetron and dolasetron in the prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery., Anesth Analg, 97, 390, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000072706.09194.5E

Cieslak, 1996, The dose-response relation and cost-effectiveness of granisetron for the prophylaxis of pediatric postoperative emesis., Anesthesiology, 85, 1076, 10.1097/00000542-199611000-00016

Khalil, 2005, A double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron and placebo for preventing postoperative emesis in 1- to 24-month-old pediatric patients after surgery under general anesthesia., Anesth Analg, 101, 356, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000155261.27335.29

Yildirim, 2014, Effect of palonosetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia., Pediatr Dent, 36, 7E

Bicer, 2011, Different doses of palonosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery., Drugs R D, 11, 29, 10.2165/11586940-000000000-00000

Geralemou, 2016, Assessing the value of risk indices of postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgical patients., Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 29, 668, 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000400

Tramèr, 1997, Propofol and bradycardia: causation, frequency and severity., Br J Anaesth, 78, 642, 10.1093/bja/78.6.642

Engelman, 2008, How much does pharmacologic prophylaxis reduce postoperative vomiting in children? Calculation of prophylaxis effectiveness and expected incidence of vomiting under treatment using Bayesian meta-analysis., Anesthesiology, 109, 1023, 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d6b26

Flubacher, 2017, A randomised controlled trial of placebo, droperidol or ondansetron to prevent nausea and vomiting after tonsillectomy in children receiving dexamethasone., Anaesthesia, 72, 859, 10.1111/anae.13907

Bourdaud, 2017, Addition of droperidol to prophylactic ondansetron and dexamethasone in children at high risk for postoperative vomiting. A randomized, controlled, double-blind study., Br J Anaesth, 118, 918, 10.1093/bja/aex099

Moeen, 2016, Could acupuncture be an adequate alternative to dexamethasone in pediatric tonsillectomy?. Erratum appears in Paediatr Anaesth., Paediatr Anaesth, 26, 807, 10.1111/pan.12933

Kovac, 1999, Efficacy of repeat intravenous dosing of ondansetron in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial., J Clin Anesth, 11, 453, 10.1016/S0952-8180(99)00067-7

Candiotti, 2007, Granisetron versus ondansetron treatment for breakthrough postoperative nausea and vomiting after prophylactic ondansetron failure: a pilot study., Anesth Analg, 104, 1370, 10.1213/01.ane.0000261474.85547.8b

Kazemi-Kjellberg, 2001, Treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review., BMC Anesthesiol, 1, 2, 10.1186/1471-2253-1-2

Habib, 2005, The effectiveness of rescue antiemetics after failure of prophylaxis with ondansetron or droperidol: a preliminary report., J Clin Anesth, 17, 62, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2004.04.004

Gan, 1997, Determination of plasma concentrations of propofol associated with 50% reduction in postoperative nausea., Anesthesiology, 87, 779, 10.1097/00000542-199710000-00010

Gan, 1999, Patient-controlled antiemesis: a randomized, double-blind comparison of two doses of propofol versus placebo., Anesthesiology, 90, 1564, 10.1097/00000542-199906000-00011

Coloma, 2002, Comparison of acustimulation and ondansetron for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesthesiology, 97, 1387, 10.1097/00000542-200212000-00009

Gupta, 2004, Comparison of recovery profile after ambulatory anesthesia with propofol, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane: a systematic review., Anesth Analg, 98, 632, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000103187.70627.57

Kumar, 2014, A comparison of total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol with sevoflurane or desflurane in ambulatory surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis., Anaesthesia, 69, 1138, 10.1111/anae.12713

Pan, 2008, Antiemetic prophylaxis for postdischarge nausea and vomiting and impact on functional quality of living during recovery in patients with high emetic risks: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of two prophylactic antiemetic regimens., Anesth Analg, 107, 429, 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172f992

Chu, 2008, The prophylactic effect of haloperidol plus dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy., Anesth Analg, 106, 1402, 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181609424

Gillmann, 2019, Standardised electronic algorithms for monitoring prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Arch Med Sci, 15, 408, 10.5114/aoms.2019.83293

Kumar, 2012, Postoperative nausea and vomiting: simple risk scoring does work., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 29, 57, 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32834a3d81

Wolf, 2016, PONV after strabismus surgery: risk adapted prophylaxis?., Anaesthesist, 65, 507, 10.1007/s00101-016-0183-2

Kranke, 2015, General multimodal or scheduled risk-adopted postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention: just splitting hairs?, Br J Anaesth, 114, 190, 10.1093/bja/aeu344

Scuderi, 2010, PRO: Anatomical classification of surgical procedures improves our understanding of the mechanisms of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 110, 410, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c5bcfc

Jensen, 2007, Post-operative recovery profile after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, observational study of a multimodal anaesthetic regime., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 51, 464, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01251.x

Bergland, 2008, Fast-track surgery for bariatric laparoscopic gastric bypass with focus on anaesthesia and peri-operative care. Experience with 500 cases., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 52, 1394, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01782.x

Kim, 2013, Efficacy versus effectiveness., Korean J Fam Med, 34, 227, 10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.4.227

Franck, 2010, Adherence to treatment guidelines for postoperative nausea and vomiting. How well does knowledge transfer result in improved clinical care?., Anaesthesist, 59, 524, 10.1007/s00101-010-1712-z

Klotz, 2010, Prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric anesthesia: recommendations and implementation in clinical routine., Anaesthesist, 59, 477, 10.1007/s00101-010-1716-8

Kooij, 2010, Automated reminders increase adherence to guidelines for administration of prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 27, 187, 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32832d6a76

Kooij, 2008, Decision support increases guideline adherence for prescribing postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis., Anesth Analg, 106, 893, 10.1213/ane.0b013e31816194fb

Franck, 2010, Documentation of post-operative nausea and vomiting in routine clinical practice., J Int Med Res, 38, 1034, 10.1177/147323001003800330

Sigaut, 2010, Does an educational strategy based on systematic preoperative assessment of simplified Apfel’s score decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting?, Ann Fr Anesth Reanim, 29, 765, 10.1016/j.annfar.2010.08.004

Frenzel, 2010, Ongoing provision of individual clinician performance data improves practice behavior., Anesth Analg, 111, 515, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181dd5899

Verma, 2011, Day case and short stay surgery: 2., Anaesthesia, 66, 417, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06651.x

Hoffmann, 2012, Fast-track surgery–conditions and challenges in postsurgical treatment: a review of elements of translational research in enhanced recovery after surgery., Eur Surg Res, 49, 24, 10.1159/000339859

Gupta, 2016, Prophylaxis and management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in enhanced recovery protocols: expert opinion statement from the American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER)., Perioper Med (Lond), 5, 4, 10.1186/s13741-016-0029-0

Gustafsson, 2019, Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations: 2018., World J Surg, 43, 659, 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y

Tan, 2015, Optimizing pain management to facilitate enhanced recovery after surgery pathways., Can J Anaesth, 62, 203, 10.1007/s12630-014-0275-x

Nygren, 2012, Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations., Clin Nutr, 31, 801, 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.012

Sarin, 2016, Successful implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery program shortens length of stay and improves postoperative pain, and bowel and bladder function after colorectal surgery., BMC Anesthesiol, 16, 55, 10.1186/s12871-016-0223-0

Dickinson, 2016, Factors influencing length of stay after surgery for benign foregut disease., Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 50, 124, 10.1093/ejcts/ezv453

Feldheiser, 2016, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 60, 289, 10.1111/aas.12651

Hedrick, 2018, American Society for Enhanced Recovery and perioperative quality initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction within an enhanced recovery pathway for elective colorectal surgery., Anesth Analg, 126, 1896, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002742

Lassen, 2012, Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations., Clin Nutr, 31, 817, 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.011

Pecorelli, 2016, Enhanced recovery pathways in pancreatic surgery: state of the art., World J Gastroenterol, 22, 6456, 10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6456

Amaya, 2015, Can acute pain treatment reduce postsurgical comorbidity after breast cancer surgery? A literature review., Biomed Res Int, 2015, 641508, 10.1155/2015/641508

Abdallah, 2014, Ultrasound-guided multilevel paravertebral blocks and total intravenous anesthesia improve the quality of recovery after ambulatory breast tumor resection., Anesthesiology, 120, 703, 10.1097/ALN.0000436117.52143.bc

Bashandy, 2015, Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial., Reg Anesth Pain Med, 40, 68, 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000163

Kim, 2013, Effects of single-dose dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery after modified radical mastectomy: a randomised controlled trial., Minerva Anestesiol, 79, 1248

Chiu, 2018, Improved analgesia and reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting after implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for total mastectomy., BMC Anesthesiol, 18, 41, 10.1186/s12871-018-0505-9

Soffin, 2016, Enhanced recovery after surgery for primary hip and knee arthroplasty: a review of the evidence., Br J Anaesth, 117, iii62, 10.1093/bja/aew362

Husted, 2011, Why still in hospital after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty?, Acta Orthop, 82, 679, 10.3109/17453674.2011.636682

Tan, 2018, Does implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery program for hip replacement improve quality of recovery in an Australian private hospital: a quality improvement study., BMC Anesthesiol, 18, 64, 10.1186/s12871-018-0525-5

Nelson, 2016, Guidelines for pre- and intra-operative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations–Part I., Gynecol Oncol, 140, 313, 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.11.015

Yoo, 2015, Potential benefits of acupuncture for enhanced recovery in gynaecological surgery., Forsch Komplementmed, 22, 111

Macones, 2019, Guidelines for postoperative care in cesarean delivery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations (part 3)., Am J Obstet Gynecol, 221, 247.e1, 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.012

Cerantola, 2013, Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(®)) society recommendations., Clin Nutr, 32, 879, 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.09.014

Pillai, 2011, A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of Doppler optimized intraoperative fluid management on outcome following radical cystectomy., J Urol, 186, 2201, 10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.093

Mattei, 2008, To stent or not to stent perioperatively the ureteroileal anastomosis of ileal orthotopic bladder substitutes and ileal conduits? Results of a prospective randomized trial., J Urol, 179, 582, 10.1016/j.juro.2007.09.066

Azhar, 2016, Enhanced recovery after urological surgery: a contemporary systematic review of outcomes, key elements, and research needs., Eur Urol, 70, 176, 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.051

Maloney, 2017, Bladder cancer recovery pathways: a systematic review., Bladder Cancer, 3, 269, 10.3233/BLC-170136

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Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Tập 131 Số 2

411-448

Thông tin tác giả