Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Tóm tắt
This consensus statement presents a comprehensive and evidence-based set of guidelines for the care of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in both adult and pediatric populations. The guidelines are established by an international panel of experts under the auspices of the American Society of Enhanced Recovery and Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia based on a comprehensive search and review of literature up to September 2019. The guidelines provide recommendation on identifying high-risk patients, managing baseline PONV risks, choices for prophylaxis, and rescue treatment of PONV as well as recommendations for the institutional implementation of a PONV protocol. In addition, the current guidelines focus on the evidence for newer drugs (eg, second-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 [5-HT3] receptor antagonists, neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonists, and dopamine antagonists), discussion regarding the use of general multimodal PONV prophylaxis, and PONV management as part of enhanced recovery pathways. This set of guidelines have been endorsed by 23 professional societies and organizations from different disciplines (Appendix 1).
Guidelines currently available include the 3 iterations of the consensus guideline we previously published, which was last updated 6 years ago 1–3 ; a guideline published by American Society of Health System Pharmacists in 1999 4 ; a brief discussion on PONV management as part of a comprehensive postoperative care guidelines 5 ; focused guidelines published by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, 6 the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain & Ireland 7 and the Association of Perianesthesia Nursing 8 ; and several guidelines published in other languages. 9–12
The current guideline was developed to provide perioperative practitioners with a comprehensive and up-to-date, evidence-based guidance on the risk stratification, prevention, and treatment of PONV in both adults and children. The guideline also provides guidance on the management of PONV within enhanced recovery pathways.
The previous consensus guideline was published 6 years ago with a literature search updated to October 2011. Several guidelines, which have been published since, are either limited to a specific populations 7 or do not address all aspects of PONV management. 13 The current guideline was developed based on a systematic review of the literature published up through September 2019. This includes recent studies of newer pharmacological agents such as the second-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, a dopamine antagonist, neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonists as well as several novel combination therapies. In addition, it also contains an evidence-based discussion on the management of PONV in enhanced recovery pathways. We have also discussed the implementation of a general multimodal PONV prophylaxis in all at-risk surgical patients based on the consensus of the expert panel.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
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Wang, 2012, Comparison of dexamethasone with ondansetron or haloperidol for prevention of patient-controlled analgesia-related postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized clinical trial., World J Surg, 36, 775, 10.1007/s00268-012-1446-y
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Kim, 2013, Palonosetron has superior prophylactic antiemetic efficacy compared with ondansetron or ramosetron in high-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study., Korean J Anesthesiol, 64, 517, 10.4097/kjae.2013.64.6.517
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Chan, 1998, Single-dose tropisetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery., Anesth Analg, 87, 931, 10.1213/00000539-199810000-00035
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Rojas, 2008, Palonosetron exhibits unique molecular interactions with the 5-HT3 receptor., Anesth Analg, 107, 469, 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172fa74
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Kang, 2014, Evaluation of the ability of continuous palonosetron infusion, using a patient-controlled analgesia device, to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting., Korean J Anesthesiol, 67, 110, 10.4097/kjae.2014.67.2.110
Diemunsch, 2007, Single-dose aprepitant vs ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery., Br J Anaesth, 99, 202, 10.1093/bja/aem133
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Murakami, 2017, A comparison of fosaprepitant and ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in moderate to high risk patients: a retrospective database analysis., Biomed Res Int, 2017, 5703528, 10.1155/2017/5703528
Soga, 2015, Fosaprepitant versus ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who undergo gynecologic abdominal surgery with patient-controlled epidural analgesia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study., J Anesth, 29, 696, 10.1007/s00540-015-2006-z
Kranke, 2015, Comparison of vestipitant with ondansetron for the treatment of breakthrough postoperative nausea and vomiting after failed prophylaxis with ondansetron., Br J Anaesth, 114, 423, 10.1093/bja/aeu376
Yamanaga, 2017, A single perioperative injection of dexamethasone decreases nausea, vomiting, and pain after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy., J Transplant, 2017, 3518103, 10.1155/2017/3518103
Yue, 2017, Perioperative systemic steroid for rapid recovery in total knee and hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials., J Orthop Surg Res, 12, 100, 10.1186/s13018-017-0601-4
Mihara, 2016, Effects of steroids on quality of recovery and adverse events after general anesthesia: meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials., PLoS One, 11, e0162961, 10.1371/journal.pone.0162961
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Chatterjee, 2017, Comparison of efficacy of palonosetron-dexamethasone combination with palonosetron or dexamethasone alone for prophylaxis against post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy., Indian J Anaesth, 61, 978, 10.4103/ija.IJA_317_17
Singh, 2018, Perioperative antiemetic efficacy of dexamethasone versus 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials., Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 74, 1201, 10.1007/s00228-018-2495-4
Liu, 2017, Preoperative intravenous glucocorticoids can reduce postoperative acute pain following total knee arthroplasty., Medicine (United States), 96, e7836
Parthasarathy, 2018, The effect of single-dose intravenous dexamethasone on postoperative pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia: a double-blind randomized clinical study., Anesth Essays Res, 12, 313, 10.4103/aer.AER_159_17
Waldron, 2013, Impact of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesia and side-effects: systematic review and meta-analysis., Br J Anaesth, 110, 191, 10.1093/bja/aes431
Cortes-Flores, 2018, Effects of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting and respiratory function in women undergoing conservative breast surgery for cancer: results of a controlled clinical trial., European J Cancer Care, 27:e12686
Kleif, 2017, Randomized clinical trial of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis., Br J Surg, 104, 384, 10.1002/bjs.10418
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Toner, 2017, Safety of perioperative glucocorticoids in elective noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Anesthesiology, 126, 234, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001466
Tien, 2016, The effect of anti-emetic doses of dexamethasone on postoperative blood glucose levels in non-diabetic and diabetic patients: a prospective randomised controlled study., Anaesthesia, 71, 1037, 10.1111/anae.13544
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Mahant, 2014, Dexamethasone and risk of bleeding in children undergoing tonsillectomy., Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 150, 872, 10.1177/0194599814521555
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Wu, 2018, Perioperative multiple low-dose dexamethasones improves postoperative clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty., BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 19, 428, 10.1186/s12891-018-2359-1
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Hasan, 2018, Perioperative adjuvant corticosteroids for postoperative analgesia in knee arthroplasty., Acta Orthopaedica, 89, 71, 10.1080/17453674.2017.1391409
Bjerregaard, 2018, High-dose methylprednisolone in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy: a randomized controlled trial., Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 53, 209, 10.1093/ejcts/ezx248
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Habib, 2019, Amisulpride for the rescue treatment of postoperative nausea or vomiting in patients failing prophylaxis: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial., Anesthesiology, 130, 203, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002509
Kranke, 2018, Amisulpride prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients at high risk: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial., Anesthesiology, 128, 1099, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002133
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Habib, 2003, Food and drug administration black box warning on the perioperative use of droperidol: a review of the cases., Anesth Analg, 96, 1377, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000063923.87560.37
Tracz, 2015, Small doses of droperidol do not present relevant torsadogenic actions: a double-blind, ondansetron-controlled study., Br J Clin Pharmacol, 79, 669, 10.1111/bcp.12527
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Chan, 2006, The additive interactions between ondansetron and droperidol for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 103, 1155, 10.1213/01.ane.0000239223.74552.0a
Nuttall, 2013, Does low-dose droperidol increase the risk of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or death in the surgical patient?, Anesthesiology, 118, 382, 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31827dde8d
Charton, 2018, Incidence of akathisia after postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis with droperidol and ondansetron in outpatient surgery: a multicentre controlled randomised trial., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 35, 966, 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000821
Schaub, 2012, Low-dose droperidol (≤1 mg or ≤15 μg kg-1) for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults: quantitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 29, 286, 10.1097/EJA.0b013e328352813f
Habib, 2008, Haloperidol for postoperative nausea and vomiting: are we reinventing the wheel?, Anesth Analg, 106, 1343, 10.1213/ane.0b013e31816a6aff
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Wang, 2008, Low-dose haloperidol prevents post-operative nausea and vomiting after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 52, 280, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01525.x
Yang, 2008, The timing of haloperidol administration does not affect its prophylactic antiemetic efficacy., Can J Anaesth, 55, 270, 10.1007/BF03017203
Henzi, 1999, Metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled studies., Br J Anaesth, 83, 761, 10.1093/bja/83.5.761
Habib, 2013, Scientific fraud: impact of Fujii’s data on our current knowledge and practice for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 116, 520, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31827ab7d8
De Oliveira, 2016, Dose-ranging effect of systemic diphenhydramine on postoperative quality of recovery after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial., J Clin Anesth, 34, 46, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.03.046
Deitrick, 2015, A comparison of two differing doses of promethazine for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting., J Perianesth Nurs, 30, 5, 10.1016/j.jopan.2014.01.009
Habib, 2007, A comparison of ondansetron with promethazine for treating postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who received prophylaxis with ondansetron: a retrospective database analysis., Anesth Analg, 104, 548, 10.1213/01.ane.0000252433.73485.be
Khademi, 2010, Effects of preoperative gabapentin on postoperative nausea and vomiting after open cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study., Med Princ Pract, 19, 57, 10.1159/000252836
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Koç, 2007, The preoperative use of gabapentin, dexamethasone, and their combination in varicocele surgery: a randomized controlled trial., Anesth Analg, 105, 1137, 10.1213/01.ane.0000278869.00918.b7
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Rothenberg, 1991, Efficacy of ephedrine in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 72, 58, 10.1213/00000539-199101000-00010
Hagemann, 2000, Intramuscular ephedrine reduces emesis during the first three hours after abdominal hysterectomy., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 44, 107, 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440119.x
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Frey, 2009, P6 acustimulation effectively decreases postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients., Br J Anaesth, 102, 620, 10.1093/bja/aep014
Arnberger, 2007, Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade at the P6 acupuncture point reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesthesiology, 107, 903, 10.1097/01.anes.0000290617.98058.d9
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Zorrilla-Vaca, 2019, Perioperative dextrose infusion and postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis of randomized trials., Anesth Analg, 129, 943, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004019
Awad, 2013, A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery., Clin Nutr, 32, 34, 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.10.011
Hines, 2018, Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, CD007598
Tóth, 2018, Ginger (Zingiber officinale): an alternative for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis., Phytomedicine, 50, 8, 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.007
Hovaguimian, 2013, Effect of intraoperative high inspired oxygen fraction on surgical site infection, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pulmonary function: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials., Anesthesiology, 119, 303, 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31829aaff4
Darvall, 2017, Chewing gum for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a pilot randomized controlled trial., Br J Anaesth, 118, 83, 10.1093/bja/aew375
Kekecs, 2014, The effectiveness of suggestive techniques in reducing postoperative side effects: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials., Anesth Analg, 119, 1407, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000466
Lincoln, 2014, Impact of healing touch with healing harp on inpatient acute care pain: a retrospective analysis., Holist Nurs Pract, 28, 164, 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000023
Kurdi, 2018, Intraoperative meditation music as an adjunct to subarachnoid block for the improvement of postoperative outcomes following cesarean section: a randomized placebo-controlled comparative study., Anesth Essays Res, 12, 618, 10.4103/aer.AER_114_18
Prapaitrakool, 2010, Morinda citrifolia Linn. for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., J Med Assoc Thai, 93, S204
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Ahsan, 2014, Comparison of efficacy of ondansetron and dexamethasone combination and ondansetron alone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy., J Pak Med Assoc, 64, 242
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Gupta, 2018, Minimum effective dose of dexamethasone in combination with midazolam as prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy., Anesth Essays Res, 12, 396, 10.4103/aer.AER_19_18
Bhattarai, 2011, Comparison of ondansetron and combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone as a prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery., J Emerg Trauma Shock, 4, 168, 10.4103/0974-2700.82200
Honarmand, 2016, Prophylactic antiemetic effects of midazolam, ondansetron, and their combination after middle ear surgery., J Res Pharm Pract, 5, 16, 10.4103/2279-042X.176556
Imeh, 2014, Dexamethasone versus a combination of dexamethasone and ondansetron as prophylactic antiemetic in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for caesarean section., Afr Health Sci, 14, 453, 10.4314/ahs.v14i2.23
Kiran, 2013, Comparison of the efficacy of ondansetron versus ondansetron and dexamethasone in the prevention/reduction of post-operative nausea & vomiting after elective surgeries under general anaesthesia., J Chem Pharm Res, 5, 1126
Lim, 2013, Efficacy of the oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist aprepitant administered with ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Korean J Anesthesiol, 64, 212, 10.4097/kjae.2013.64.3.212
Park, 2013, Comparison of ramosetron with combined ramosetron and midazolam for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients at high risk following laparoscopic gynaecological surgery., J Int Med Res, 41, 654, 10.1177/0300060513487627
Kovac, 2013, Update on the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Drugs, 73, 1525, 10.1007/s40265-013-0110-7
Didehvar, 2013, A randomized, double blind study to evaluate the efficacy of palonosetron with dexamethasone versus palonosetron alone for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in subjects undergoing bariatric surgeries with high emetogenic risk., Open Anesthesiol J, 7, 30, 10.2174/1874321801307010030
Swaro, 2018, Comparison of palonosetron, dexamethasone, and palonosetron plus dexamethasone as prophylactic antiemetic and antipruritic drug in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for lower segment cesarean section., Anesth Essays Res, 12, 322, 10.4103/aer.AER_183_17
Park, 2012, The comparative study to evaluate the effect of palonosetron monotherapy versus palonosetron with dexamethasone combination therapy for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Korean J Anesthesiol, 63, 334, 10.4097/kjae.2012.63.4.334
Blitz, 2012, A randomized double blind study to evaluate efficacy of palonosetron with dexamethasone versus palonosetron alone for prevention of postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting in subjects undergoing laparoscopic surgeries with high emetogenic risk., Am J Ther, 19, 324, 10.1097/MJT.0b013e318209dff1
Yoo, 2018, Aprepitant in combination with palonosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia., Korean J Anesthesiol, 71, 440, 10.4097/kja.d.18.00011
Sharma, 2015, Postoperative nausea and vomiting: palonosetron with dexamethasone vs ondansetron with dexamethasone in laparoscopic hysterectomies., Oman Med J, 30, 252, 10.5001/omj.2015.51
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Habib, 2011, A comparison of the combination of aprepitant and dexamethasone versus the combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing craniotomy., Anesth Analg, 112, 813, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181ff47e2
Green, 2012, Randomized, double-blind comparison of oral aprepitant alone compared with aprepitant and transdermal scopolamine for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Br J Anaesth, 109, 716, 10.1093/bja/aes233
Kasagi, 2013, Antiemetic effect of naloxone in combination with dexamethasone and droperidol in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery., J Anesth, 27, 879, 10.1007/s00540-013-1630-8
El-Deeb, 2011, Evaluation of combination antiemetic prophylaxis in high risk emetogenic patients undergoing thyroid surgery: a randomized double-blind study., Egypt J Anaesth, 27, 203, 10.1016/j.egja.2011.08.002
Ormel, 2011, Dexamethasone has additive effect when combined with ondansetron and droperidol for treatment of established PONV., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 55, 1196, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02536.x
Rüsch, 2010, Nausea and vomiting after surgery under general anesthesia: an evidence-based review concerning risk assessment, prevention, and treatment., Dtsch Arztebl Int, 107, 733
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Watcha, 1994, Cost-effectiveness analysis of antiemetic therapy for ambulatory surgery., J Clin Anesth, 6, 370, 10.1016/S0952-8180(05)80006-6
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Kranke, 2007, Algorithms for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: an efficacy and efficiency simulation., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 24, 856, 10.1017/S0265021507000713
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Drummond, 1996, Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ. The BMJ economic evaluation working party., BMJ, 313, 275, 10.1136/bmj.313.7052.275
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Weinstein, 1996, Recommendations of the panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine., JAMA, 276, 1253, 10.1001/jama.1996.03540150055031
Macario, 1999, Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid? The perspective of patients., Anesth Analg, 89, 652, 10.1213/00000539-199909000-00022
Gan, 2003, How much are patients willing to pay to avoid intraoperative awareness?, J Clin Anesth, 15, 108, 10.1016/S0952-8180(02)00507-X
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Bocskai, 2018, Cost-effectiveness of anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane or propofol with and without additional monitoring: a prospective, randomized controlled trial., BMC Anesthesiol, 18, 100, 10.1186/s12871-018-0563-z
Elliott, 2002, Which anaesthetic agents are cost-effective in day surgery? Literature review, national survey of practice and randomised controlled trial., Health Technol Assess, 6, 1, 10.3310/hta6300
Marrett, 2016, Health care utilization and costs associated with nausea and vomiting in patients receiving oral immediate-release opioids for outpatient acute pain management., Pain Ther, 5, 215, 10.1007/s40122-016-0057-y
Carroll, 1994, Costs incurred by outpatient surgical centers in managing postoperative nausea and vomiting., J Clin Anesth, 6, 364, 10.1016/S0952-8180(05)80004-2
Dexter, 1995, Analysis of strategies to decrease postanesthesia care unit costs., Anesthesiology, 82, 94, 10.1097/00000542-199501000-00013
Berger, 2018, Prevalence and risk factors for bariatric surgery readmissions: findings from 130,007 admissions in the metabolic and bariatric surgery accreditation and quality improvement program., Ann Surg, 267, 122, 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002079
Scuderi, 1999, Antiemetic prophylaxis does not improve outcomes after outpatient surgery when compared to symptomatic treatment., Anesthesiology, 90, 360, 10.1097/00000542-199902000-00006
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Olutoye, 2003, A comparison of the costs and efficacy of ondansetron and dolasetron in the prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery., Anesth Analg, 97, 390, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000072706.09194.5E
Cieslak, 1996, The dose-response relation and cost-effectiveness of granisetron for the prophylaxis of pediatric postoperative emesis., Anesthesiology, 85, 1076, 10.1097/00000542-199611000-00016
Khalil, 2005, A double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron and placebo for preventing postoperative emesis in 1- to 24-month-old pediatric patients after surgery under general anesthesia., Anesth Analg, 101, 356, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000155261.27335.29
Yildirim, 2014, Effect of palonosetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia., Pediatr Dent, 36, 7E
Bicer, 2011, Different doses of palonosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery., Drugs R D, 11, 29, 10.2165/11586940-000000000-00000
Geralemou, 2016, Assessing the value of risk indices of postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgical patients., Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 29, 668, 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000400
Tramèr, 1997, Propofol and bradycardia: causation, frequency and severity., Br J Anaesth, 78, 642, 10.1093/bja/78.6.642
Engelman, 2008, How much does pharmacologic prophylaxis reduce postoperative vomiting in children? Calculation of prophylaxis effectiveness and expected incidence of vomiting under treatment using Bayesian meta-analysis., Anesthesiology, 109, 1023, 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d6b26
Flubacher, 2017, A randomised controlled trial of placebo, droperidol or ondansetron to prevent nausea and vomiting after tonsillectomy in children receiving dexamethasone., Anaesthesia, 72, 859, 10.1111/anae.13907
Bourdaud, 2017, Addition of droperidol to prophylactic ondansetron and dexamethasone in children at high risk for postoperative vomiting. A randomized, controlled, double-blind study., Br J Anaesth, 118, 918, 10.1093/bja/aex099
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Kovac, 1999, Efficacy of repeat intravenous dosing of ondansetron in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial., J Clin Anesth, 11, 453, 10.1016/S0952-8180(99)00067-7
Candiotti, 2007, Granisetron versus ondansetron treatment for breakthrough postoperative nausea and vomiting after prophylactic ondansetron failure: a pilot study., Anesth Analg, 104, 1370, 10.1213/01.ane.0000261474.85547.8b
Kazemi-Kjellberg, 2001, Treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review., BMC Anesthesiol, 1, 2, 10.1186/1471-2253-1-2
Habib, 2005, The effectiveness of rescue antiemetics after failure of prophylaxis with ondansetron or droperidol: a preliminary report., J Clin Anesth, 17, 62, 10.1016/j.jclinane.2004.04.004
Gan, 1997, Determination of plasma concentrations of propofol associated with 50% reduction in postoperative nausea., Anesthesiology, 87, 779, 10.1097/00000542-199710000-00010
Gan, 1999, Patient-controlled antiemesis: a randomized, double-blind comparison of two doses of propofol versus placebo., Anesthesiology, 90, 1564, 10.1097/00000542-199906000-00011
Coloma, 2002, Comparison of acustimulation and ondansetron for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesthesiology, 97, 1387, 10.1097/00000542-200212000-00009
Gupta, 2004, Comparison of recovery profile after ambulatory anesthesia with propofol, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane: a systematic review., Anesth Analg, 98, 632, 10.1213/01.ANE.0000103187.70627.57
Kumar, 2014, A comparison of total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol with sevoflurane or desflurane in ambulatory surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis., Anaesthesia, 69, 1138, 10.1111/anae.12713
Pan, 2008, Antiemetic prophylaxis for postdischarge nausea and vomiting and impact on functional quality of living during recovery in patients with high emetic risks: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of two prophylactic antiemetic regimens., Anesth Analg, 107, 429, 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172f992
Chu, 2008, The prophylactic effect of haloperidol plus dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy., Anesth Analg, 106, 1402, 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181609424
Gillmann, 2019, Standardised electronic algorithms for monitoring prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Arch Med Sci, 15, 408, 10.5114/aoms.2019.83293
Kumar, 2012, Postoperative nausea and vomiting: simple risk scoring does work., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 29, 57, 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32834a3d81
Wolf, 2016, PONV after strabismus surgery: risk adapted prophylaxis?., Anaesthesist, 65, 507, 10.1007/s00101-016-0183-2
Kranke, 2015, General multimodal or scheduled risk-adopted postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention: just splitting hairs?, Br J Anaesth, 114, 190, 10.1093/bja/aeu344
Scuderi, 2010, PRO: Anatomical classification of surgical procedures improves our understanding of the mechanisms of postoperative nausea and vomiting., Anesth Analg, 110, 410, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c5bcfc
Jensen, 2007, Post-operative recovery profile after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, observational study of a multimodal anaesthetic regime., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 51, 464, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01251.x
Bergland, 2008, Fast-track surgery for bariatric laparoscopic gastric bypass with focus on anaesthesia and peri-operative care. Experience with 500 cases., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 52, 1394, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01782.x
Franck, 2010, Adherence to treatment guidelines for postoperative nausea and vomiting. How well does knowledge transfer result in improved clinical care?., Anaesthesist, 59, 524, 10.1007/s00101-010-1712-z
Klotz, 2010, Prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric anesthesia: recommendations and implementation in clinical routine., Anaesthesist, 59, 477, 10.1007/s00101-010-1716-8
Kooij, 2010, Automated reminders increase adherence to guidelines for administration of prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 27, 187, 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32832d6a76
Kooij, 2008, Decision support increases guideline adherence for prescribing postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis., Anesth Analg, 106, 893, 10.1213/ane.0b013e31816194fb
Franck, 2010, Documentation of post-operative nausea and vomiting in routine clinical practice., J Int Med Res, 38, 1034, 10.1177/147323001003800330
Sigaut, 2010, Does an educational strategy based on systematic preoperative assessment of simplified Apfel’s score decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting?, Ann Fr Anesth Reanim, 29, 765, 10.1016/j.annfar.2010.08.004
Frenzel, 2010, Ongoing provision of individual clinician performance data improves practice behavior., Anesth Analg, 111, 515, 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181dd5899
Verma, 2011, Day case and short stay surgery: 2., Anaesthesia, 66, 417, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06651.x
Hoffmann, 2012, Fast-track surgery–conditions and challenges in postsurgical treatment: a review of elements of translational research in enhanced recovery after surgery., Eur Surg Res, 49, 24, 10.1159/000339859
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Gustafsson, 2019, Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations: 2018., World J Surg, 43, 659, 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y
Tan, 2015, Optimizing pain management to facilitate enhanced recovery after surgery pathways., Can J Anaesth, 62, 203, 10.1007/s12630-014-0275-x
Nygren, 2012, Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations., Clin Nutr, 31, 801, 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.012
Sarin, 2016, Successful implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery program shortens length of stay and improves postoperative pain, and bowel and bladder function after colorectal surgery., BMC Anesthesiol, 16, 55, 10.1186/s12871-016-0223-0
Dickinson, 2016, Factors influencing length of stay after surgery for benign foregut disease., Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 50, 124, 10.1093/ejcts/ezv453
Feldheiser, 2016, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice., Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 60, 289, 10.1111/aas.12651
Hedrick, 2018, American Society for Enhanced Recovery and perioperative quality initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction within an enhanced recovery pathway for elective colorectal surgery., Anesth Analg, 126, 1896, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002742
Lassen, 2012, Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations., Clin Nutr, 31, 817, 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.011
Pecorelli, 2016, Enhanced recovery pathways in pancreatic surgery: state of the art., World J Gastroenterol, 22, 6456, 10.3748/wjg.v22.i28.6456
Amaya, 2015, Can acute pain treatment reduce postsurgical comorbidity after breast cancer surgery? A literature review., Biomed Res Int, 2015, 641508, 10.1155/2015/641508
Abdallah, 2014, Ultrasound-guided multilevel paravertebral blocks and total intravenous anesthesia improve the quality of recovery after ambulatory breast tumor resection., Anesthesiology, 120, 703, 10.1097/ALN.0000436117.52143.bc
Bashandy, 2015, Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial., Reg Anesth Pain Med, 40, 68, 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000163
Kim, 2013, Effects of single-dose dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery after modified radical mastectomy: a randomised controlled trial., Minerva Anestesiol, 79, 1248
Chiu, 2018, Improved analgesia and reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting after implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for total mastectomy., BMC Anesthesiol, 18, 41, 10.1186/s12871-018-0505-9
Soffin, 2016, Enhanced recovery after surgery for primary hip and knee arthroplasty: a review of the evidence., Br J Anaesth, 117, iii62, 10.1093/bja/aew362
Husted, 2011, Why still in hospital after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty?, Acta Orthop, 82, 679, 10.3109/17453674.2011.636682
Tan, 2018, Does implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery program for hip replacement improve quality of recovery in an Australian private hospital: a quality improvement study., BMC Anesthesiol, 18, 64, 10.1186/s12871-018-0525-5
Nelson, 2016, Guidelines for pre- and intra-operative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations–Part I., Gynecol Oncol, 140, 313, 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.11.015
Yoo, 2015, Potential benefits of acupuncture for enhanced recovery in gynaecological surgery., Forsch Komplementmed, 22, 111
Macones, 2019, Guidelines for postoperative care in cesarean delivery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations (part 3)., Am J Obstet Gynecol, 221, 247.e1, 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.012
Cerantola, 2013, Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(®)) society recommendations., Clin Nutr, 32, 879, 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.09.014
Pillai, 2011, A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of Doppler optimized intraoperative fluid management on outcome following radical cystectomy., J Urol, 186, 2201, 10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.093
Mattei, 2008, To stent or not to stent perioperatively the ureteroileal anastomosis of ileal orthotopic bladder substitutes and ileal conduits? Results of a prospective randomized trial., J Urol, 179, 582, 10.1016/j.juro.2007.09.066
Azhar, 2016, Enhanced recovery after urological surgery: a contemporary systematic review of outcomes, key elements, and research needs., Eur Urol, 70, 176, 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.051
Maloney, 2017, Bladder cancer recovery pathways: a systematic review., Bladder Cancer, 3, 269, 10.3233/BLC-170136
Fleming, 2016, Aggregation of marginal gains in cardiac surgery: feasibility of a perioperative care bundle for enhanced recovery in cardiac surgical patients., J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 30, 665, 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.01.017
Gemma, 2017, Enhanced recovery program (ERP) in major laryngeal surgery: building a protocol and testing its feasibility., Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital, 37, 475, 10.14639/0392-100X-1091
Makaryus, 2018, Current concepts of fluid management in enhanced recovery pathways., Br J Anaesth, 120, 376, 10.1016/j.bja.2017.10.011
Klenke, 2018, CHRM3 rs2165870 polymorphism is independently associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting, but combined prophylaxis is effective., Br J Anaesth, 121, 58, 10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.025
Bell, 2017, Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2D6 genotype and use of ondansetron and tropisetron., Clin Pharmacol Ther, 102, 213, 10.1002/cpt.598
Stamer, 2019, A serotonin transporter polymorphism is associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting: an observational study in two different patient cohorts., Eur J Anaesthesiol, 36, 566, 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001014
Nakagawa, 2008, Dopamine D2 receptor Taq IA polymorphism is associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting., J Anesth, 22, 397, 10.1007/s00540-008-0661-z
Alli, 2017, The effect of ethnicity on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in moderate to high risk patients undergoing general anesthesia in South Africa: a controlled observational study., Middle East J Anaesthesiol, 24, 119