Fouling and cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes: A review
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Cheryan, 1986
D'Souza, 2005, Membrane cleaning in the dairy industry: a review, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 45, 125, 10.1080/10408690490911783
Porcelli, 2010, Chemical cleaning of potable water membranes: a review, Sep. Purif. Technol., 71, 137, 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.12.007
Fane, 1987, A review of fouling and fouling control in ultrafiltration, Desalination, 62, 117, 10.1016/0011-9164(87)87013-3
Gao, 2011, Membrane fouling control in ultrafiltration technology for drinking water production: a review, Desalination, 272, 1, 10.1016/j.desal.2011.01.051
Le-Clech, 2006, Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment, J. Membr. Sci., 284, 17, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.08.019
Arnal, 2011, Membrane cleaning, 63
Lin, 2010, Membrane fouling mitigation: membrane cleaning, Sep. Sci. Technol., 45, 858, 10.1080/01496391003666940
Ahmad, 2012, membrane antifouling methods and alternatives: ultrasound approach, Sep. Purif. Rev., 41, 318, 10.1080/15422119.2011.617804
Liu, 2000, Membrane chemical cleaning: from art to science, 1
Chen, 2003, Optimization of membrane physical and chemical cleaning by a statistically designed approach, J. Membr. Sci., 219, 27, 10.1016/S0376-7388(03)00174-1
Sheikholeslami, 1999, Fouling mitigation in membrane processes: report on a workshop held January 26–29, 1999, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, Desalination, 123, 45, 10.1016/S0011-9164(99)00058-2
Munoz-Aguado, 1996, Enzymatic and detergent cleaning of a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane fouled with BSA and whey, J. Membr. Sci., 117, 175, 10.1016/0376-7388(96)00066-X
Field, 2010, Fundamentals of fouling, vol. 4, 1
Hughes, 2007, Mass transfer: membrane processes, 145
Bacchin, 2006, Critical and sustainable fluxes: theory, experiments and applications, J. Membr. Sci., 281, 42, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.04.014
Zydney, 1997, Stagnant film model for concentration polarization in membrane systems, J. Membr. Sci., 130, 275, 10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00006-9
Baker, 2004
Kimura, 2004, Irreversible membrane fouling during ultrafiltration of surface water, Water Res., 38, 3431, 10.1016/j.watres.2004.05.007
Tu, 2005, A pore diffusion transport model for forecasting the performance of membrane processes, J. Membr. Sci., 265, 29, 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.04.051
Jones, 2000, Protein and humic acid adsorption onto hydrophilic membrane surfaces: Effects of pH and ionic strength, J. Membr. Sci., 165, 31, 10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00218-5
2005
Childress, 1996, Effect of solution chemistry on the surface charge of polymeric reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 119, 253, 10.1016/0376-7388(96)00127-5
Childress, 1998, Effect of humic substances and anionic surfactants on the surface charge and performance of reverse osmosis membranes, Desalination, 118, 167, 10.1016/S0011-9164(98)00119-2
Zeman, 1996
Hermia, 1982, Constant pressure blocking filtration laws – application to power-law non-Newtonian fluids, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 60, 183
Field, 2011, Modelling of permeability loss in membrane filtration: re-examination of fundamental fouling equations and their link to critical flux, Desalination, 283, 68, 10.1016/j.desal.2011.04.035
Güell, 1999, Microfiltration of protein mixtures and the effects of yeast on membrane fouling, J. Membr. Sci., 155, 113, 10.1016/S0376-7388(98)00305-6
Hughes, 2006, Crossflow filtration of washed and unwashed yeast suspensions at constant shear under nominally sub-critical conditions, J. Membr. Sci., 280, 89, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.01.022
Jermann, 2008, Influence of interactions between NOM and particles on UF fouling mechanisms, Water Res., 42, 3870, 10.1016/j.watres.2008.05.013
Jermann, 2008, Mutual influences between natural organic matter and inorganic particles and their combined effect on ultrafiltration membrane fouling, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 9129, 10.1021/es800654p
Li, 2006, Synergistic effects in combined fouling of a loose nanofiltration membrane by colloidal materials and natural organic matter, J. Membr. Sci., 278, 72, 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.045
Porter, 1972, Concentration polarization with membrane ultrafiltration, Product R&D, 11, 234, 10.1021/i360043a002
Jönsson, 1996, Colloidal fouling during ultrafiltration, Sep. Sci. Technol., 31, 2611, 10.1080/01496399608000816
Amy, 2008, Fundamental understanding of organic matter fouling of membranes, Desalination, 231, 44, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.037
Ahn, 2008, Effects of background cations on the fouling of polyethersulfone membranes by natural organic matter: experimental and molecular modelling study, J. Membr. Sci., 309, 128, 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.023
Belfort, 1994, The behaviour of suspensions and macromolecular solutions in crossflow microfiltration, J. Membr. Sci., 96, 1, 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00119-7
Field, 2011, Critical, sustainable and threshold fluxes for membrane filtration with water industry applications, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 164, 38, 10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.008
Shi, 2011, Review of fouling by mixed feeds in membrane filtration applied to water purification, Desalin. Water Treat., 35, 68, 10.5004/dwt.2011.3131
Cui, 2005, Protein separation using ultrafiltration – an example of multi-scale complex systems, China Particol., 3, 343, 10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60213-9
Kelly, 1997, Protein fouling during microfiltration: comparative behaviour of different model proteins, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 55, 91, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19970705)55:1<91::AID-BIT11>3.0.CO;2-6
Jucker, 1994, Adsorption of aquatic humic substances on hydrophobic ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 97, 37, 10.1016/0376-7388(94)00146-P
Kulovaara, 1999, Effects of aquatic humic substances on a hydrophobic ultrafiltration membrane, Chemosphere, 38, 3485, 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00577-3
Yuan, 1999, Humic acid fouling during microfiltration, J. Membr. Sci., 157, 1, 10.1016/S0376-7388(98)00329-9
Schäfer, 2001
Sutzkover-Gutman, 2010, Humic substances fouling in ultrafiltration processes, Desalination, 261, 218, 10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.008
Aoustin, 2001, Ultrafiltration of natural organic matter, Sep. Purif. Technol., 22/23, 63, 10.1016/S1383-5866(00)00143-X
Richardson, 2002, The role of GC–MS and LC–MS in the discovery of drinking water disinfection by-products, J. Environ. Monit., 4, 1, 10.1039/b105578j
Zularisam, 2006, Behaviours of natural organic matter in membrane filtration for surface water treatment – a review, Desalination, 194, 211, 10.1016/j.desal.2005.10.030
Wershaw, 2005
Fan, 2001, Influence of the characteristics of natural organic matter on the fouling of microfiltration membranes, Water Res., 35, 4455, 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00183-X
Schäfer, 1998, Nanofiltration of natural organic matter: removal, fouling and the influence of multivalent ions, Desalination, 118, 109, 10.1016/S0011-9164(98)00104-0
Hanemaaijer, 1989, Fouling of ultrafiltration membranes: the role of protein adsorption and salt precipitation, J. Membr. Sci., 40, 199, 10.1016/0376-7388(89)89005-2
Scott, 1995
Chen, 2010, Biofouling in membrane systems, 25
Jermann, 2007, Interplay of different NOM fouling mechanisms during ultrafiltration for drinking water production, Water Res., 41, 1713, 10.1016/j.watres.2006.12.030
Tombácz, 2004, The role of reactive surface sites and complexation by humic acids in the interaction of clay mineral and iron oxide particles, Org. Geochem., 35, 257, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2003.11.002
Tombácz, 2006, Surface charge heterogeneity of kaolinite in aqueous suspension in comparison with montmorillonite, Appl. Clay Sci., 34, 105, 10.1016/j.clay.2006.05.009
Chen, 2006, Aggregation kinetics of alginate-coated hematite nanoparticles in monovalent and divalent electrolytes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 1516, 10.1021/es0518068
Chen, 2007, Influence of humic acid on the aggregation kinetics of fullerene (C60) nanoparticles in monovalent and divalent electrolyte solutions, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 309, 126, 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.01.074
Contreras, 2009, Combined fouling of nanofiltration membranes: mechanisms and effect of organic matter, J. Membr. Sci., 327, 87, 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.11.030
Faibish, 1998, Effect of interparticle electrostatic double layer interactions on permeate flux decline in crossflow membrane filtration of colloidal suspensions: an experimental investigation, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 204, 77, 10.1006/jcis.1998.5563
Wiesner, 1999, Morphology of particle deposits, J. Environ. Eng., 125, 1124, 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:12(1124)
Yuan, 2000, Humic acid fouling during ultrafiltration, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 5043, 10.1021/es0012366
Howe, 2002, Fouling of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes by natural waters, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3571, 10.1021/es025587r
Schäfer, 2000, Microfiltration of colloids and natural organic matter, J. Membr. Sci., 171, 151, 10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00286-0
Li, 2004, Organic fouling and chemical cleaning of nanofiltration membranes: measurements and mechanisms, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4683, 10.1021/es0354162
Katsoufidou, 2008, An experimental study of UF membrane fouling by humic acid and sodium alginate solutions: the effect of backwashing on flux recovery, Desalination, 220, 214, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.038
Arkhangelsky, 2007, Impact of chemical cleaning on properties and functioning of polyethersulfone membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 305, 176, 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.007
Allgeier, 2005
Geise, 2010, Water purification by membranes: the role of polymer science, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 48, 1685, 10.1002/polb.22037
Blanpain-Avet, 2009, Chemical cleaning of a tubular ceramic microfiltration membrane fouled with a whey protein concentrate suspension – characterization of hydraulic and chemical cleanliness, J. Membr. Sci., 337, 153, 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.03.033
Shorrock, 1998, Membrane cleaning: chemically enhanced removal of deposits formed during yeast cell harvesting, Food Bioproducts Process., 76, 30, 10.1205/096030898531729
Hong, 2002, Fouling control in activated sludge submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactors, Desalination, 143, 219, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00260-6
Hong, 1997, Kinetics of permeate flux decline in crossflow membrane filtration of colloidal suspensions, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 196, 267, 10.1006/jcis.1997.5209
Chua, 2002, Controlling fouling in membrane bioreactors operated with a variable throughput, Desalination, 149, 225, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00764-6
Verberk, 2003, Reserach on AirFlush: distribution of water and air in tubular and capillary membrane modules, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 03, 409, 10.2166/ws.2003.0196
Liang, 2008, Cleaning of fouled ultrafiltration (UF) membrane by algae during reservoir water treatment, Desalination, 220, 267, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.033
Jacangelo, 2005, System concepts, 51
Li, 2009, Impact of backwash water composition on ultrafiltration fouling control, J. Membr. Sci., 344, 17, 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.07.025
Abrahamse, 2008, Removal of divalent cations reduces fouling of ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 323, 153, 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.06.018
Li, 2010, Influence of Ca and Na ions in backwash water on ultrafiltration fouling control, Desalination, 250, 861, 10.1016/j.desal.2008.11.057
Li, 2011, Fouling control mechanisms of demineralized water backwash: reduction of charge screening and calcium bridging effects, Water Res., 45, 6289, 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.004
Villarroel, 2013, Physical cleaning initiation controlled by transmembrane pressure set-point in a sub-merged membrane bioreactor, Sep. Purif. Technol., 104, 55, 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.047
Lipp, 2008, State of the art in drinking water treatment by MF/UF in Germany – a survey among MF/UF plants, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 8, 377, 10.2166/ws.2008.085
Maartens, 2002, UF of pulp and paper effluent: membrane fouling-prevention and cleaning, J. Membr. Sci., 209, 81, 10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00266-1
Psoch, 2006, Direct filtration of natural and simulated river water with air sparging and sponge ball application for fouling control, Desalination, 197, 190, 10.1016/j.desal.2005.11.027
Nagaoka, 2003, Measurement of effective shear stress working on flat-sheet membrane by air-scrabbling, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 3, 423, 10.2166/ws.2003.0198
Guigui, 2003, Air sparging backwash in ultrafiltration hollow fibres for drinking water production, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 3, 415, 10.2166/ws.2003.0197
Psoch, 2005, Critical flux aspect of air sparging and backflushing on membrane bioreactors, Desalination, 175, 61, 10.1016/j.desal.2004.09.023
Cui, 2003, Enhancement of ultrafiltration using gas sparging: a comparison of different membrane modules, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 78, 249, 10.1002/jctb.763
Laborie, 1997, Flux enhancement by a continuous tangential gas flow in ultrafiltration hollow fibres for drinking water production: effects of slug flow on cake structure, Filtr. Sep., 34, 887, 10.1016/S0015-1882(97)81413-9
Cabassud, 1997, How slug flow can improve ultrafiltration flux in organic hollow fibres, J. Membr. Sci., 128, 93, 10.1016/S0376-7388(96)00316-X
Strugholtz, 2005, Evaluation of the performance of different chemicals for cleaning capillary membranes, Desalination, 179, 191, 10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.067
Mohammadi, 2002, Investigation of membrane fouling, Desalination, 153, 155, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)01118-9
Paugam, 2013, Cleaning of skim milk PES ultrafiltration membrane: on the real effect of nitric acid step, J. Membr. Sci., 428, 275, 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.10.013
Li, 2005, Chemical cleaning of PS ultrafilters fouled by the fermentation broth of glutamic acid, Sep. Purif. Technol., 42, 181, 10.1016/j.seppur.2004.07.005
Naim, 2012, Surfactant cleaning of UF membranes fouled by proteins, Sep. Purif. Technol., 94, 39, 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.03.031
Levitsky, 2011, Understanding the oxidative cleaning of UF membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 377, 206, 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.04.046
Petrus, 2008, Enzymatic cleaning of ultra-filtration membranes fouled by protein mixture solutions, J. Membr. Sci., 325, 783, 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.09.004
Levitsky, 2012, Cleaning UF membranes with simple and formulated solutions, Chem. Eng. Sci., 69, 679, 10.1016/j.ces.2011.10.060
Levitsky, 2012, Effect of time in chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes, Chem. Eng. Technol., 35, 941, 10.1002/ceat.201100465
Wu, 2007, The fouling and cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes during the filtration of model tea component solutions, J. Food Process Eng., 30, 293, 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2007.00115.x
Lee, 2001, Cleaning strategies for flux recovery of an ultrafiltration membrane fouled by natural organic matter, Water Res., 35, 3301, 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00063-X
Guo, 2011, Fouling potential and cleaning characteristics of PVC ultrafiltration membrane during ultrafiltration of hydrophilic dissolved organic matter, Desalin. Water Treat., 33, 231, 10.5004/dwt.2011.2643
Guo, 2009, Ultrafiltration of dissolved organic matter in surface water by a polyvinylchloride hollow fiber membrane, J. Membr. Sci., 327, 254, 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.11.042
Pavlova, 2005, Study on the cleaning of new ultrafiltration spiral-wound modules to prevent membrane fouling (including biological fouling), Desalination, 172, 267, 10.1016/j.desal.2004.07.039
Zhang, 2011, Chemical cleaning of fouled PVC membrane during ultrafiltration of algal-rich water, J. Environ. Sci., 23, 529, 10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60444-5
Nguyen, 2011, Chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membrane fouled by an activated sludge effluent, Desalin. Water Treat., 34, 94, 10.5004/dwt.2011.2790
Weis, 2003, The chemical cleaning of polymeric UF membranes fouled with spent sulphite liquor over multiple operational cycles, J. Membr. Sci., 216, 67, 10.1016/S0376-7388(03)00047-4
Plett, 1985, Cleaning of fouled surfaces, 286
Jacangelo, 2005, System concepts, 51
Al-Amoudi, 2007, Fouling strategies and the cleaning system of NF membranes and factors affecting cleaning efficiency, J. Membr. Sci., 303, 4, 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.06.002
Razavi, 1996, Fouling and cleaning of membranes in the ultrafiltration of the aqueous extract of soy flour, J. Membr. Sci., 114, 93, 10.1016/0376-7388(95)00311-8
Brepols, 2008, Strategies for chemical cleaning in large scale membrane bioreactors, Water Sci. Technol., 57, 457, 10.2166/wst.2008.112
Krack, 1995, 151
Cox, 1994
Marriott, 2006
Kroner, 1986, 223
Argüello, 2002, Enzymatic cleaning of inorganic ultrafiltration membranes fouled by whey proteins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 1951, 10.1021/jf0107510
Li, 2011
Lateef, 2013, Direct membrane filtration of municipal wastewater with chemically enhanced backwash for recovery of organic matter, Bioresour. Technol., 150, 149, 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.111
Wu, 2013
Kallioinen, 2011, Influence of ultrasonic treatment on various membrane materials: a review, Sep. Sci. Technol., 46, 1388, 10.1080/01496395.2011.571649
Kyllönen, 2005, Membrane filtration enhanced by ultrasound: a review, Desalination, 181, 319, 10.1016/j.desal.2005.06.003
Lamminen, 2004, Mechanisms and factors influencing the ultrasonic cleaning of particle-fouled ceramic membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 237, 213, 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.02.031
Muthukumaran, 2004, The use of ultrasonic cleaning for ultrafiltration membranes in the dairy industry, Sep. Purif. Technol., 39, 99, 10.1016/j.seppur.2003.12.013
Mirzaie, 2012, Effect of ultrasonic waves on flux enhancement in microfiltration of milk, J. Food Eng., 108, 77, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.07.026
Chai, 1999, Ultrasound-associated cleaning of polymeric membranes for water treatment, Sep. Purif. Technol., 15, 139, 10.1016/S1383-5866(98)00091-4
Kobayashi, 1999, Ultrasound enhanced cross-flow membrane filtration, Sep. Purif. Technol., 17, 31, 10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00023-4
Kobayashi, 2003, Ultrasound-enhanced membrane-cleaning processes applied to water treatments: influence of sonic frequency on filtration treatments, Ultrasonics, 41, 185, 10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00462-6
Gibson, 2009, Effects of ultrasound on suspended particles in municipal wastewater, Water Res., 43, 2251, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.024
Muthukumaran, 2005, The optimisation of ultra-sonic cleaning procedures for dairy fouled ultrafiltration membranes, Ultrason. Sonochem., 12, 29, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.05.007
Li, 2011, Fouling mitigation for hollow-fiber UF membrane by sonication, Desalination, 281, 23, 10.1016/j.desal.2011.07.036
Masselin, 2001, Effect of sonication on polymeric membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 181, 213, 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)00534-2
Lamminen, 2006, Cleaning of particle-fouled membranes during cross-flow filtration using an embedded ultrasonic transducer system, J. Membr. Sci., 283, 225, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.06.034
Chai, 1998, Ultrasound effect on cross-flow filtration of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 148, 129, 10.1016/S0376-7388(98)00145-8
Simon, 2000, Low-frequency ultrasound to improve dead-end ultrafiltration performance, Sep. Sci. Technol., 35, 2619, 10.1081/SS-100102359
Rios, 1988, Basic transport mechanisms of ultrafiltration in the presence of an electric field, J. Membr. Sci., 38, 147, 10.1016/S0376-7388(00)80876-5
Huotari, 1999, Crossflow membrane filtration enhanced by an external (DC) electric field: a review, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 77, 461, 10.1205/026387699526304
Saxena, 2009, Membrane-based techniques for the separation and purification of proteins: an overview, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 145, 1, 10.1016/j.cis.2008.07.004
Bowen, 1989, Electrically enhanced separation processes: the basis of in situ intermittent electrolytic membrane cleaning (IIEMC) and in situ electrolytic membrane restoration (IEMR), J. Membr. Sci., 40, 219, 10.1016/0376-7388(89)89006-4
Liu, 2012, Minute electric field reduced membrane fouling and improved performance of membrane bioreactor, Sep. Purif. Technol., 86, 106, 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.10.030
von Zumbusch, 1998, Use of alternating electrical fields as anti-fouling strategy in ultrafiltration of biological suspensions Introduction of a new experimental procedure for crossflow filtration, J. Membr. Sci., 142, 75, 10.1016/S0376-7388(97)00310-4
Ahmad, 2002, Automated electrophoretic membrane cleaning for dead-end microfiltration and ultrafiltration, Sep. Purif. Technol., 29, 105, 10.1016/S1383-5866(02)00066-7
Chen, 2007, Study of the influence of the electric field on membrane flux of a new type of membrane bioreactor, Chem. Eng. J., 128, 177, 10.1016/j.cej.2006.10.010
Mameri, 1999, Enhancement of ultrafiltration flux by coupling static turbulence promoter and electric field, Sep. Purif. Technol., 17, 203, 10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00040-4
Mameri, 2001, Electric fields applied in the ultrafiltration process, Desalination, 138, 291, 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00275-2
Tarazaga, 2006, Physical cleaning by means of electric field in the ultrafiltration of a biological solution, J. Membr. Sci., 278, 219, 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.11.004
Akamatsu, 2010, Development of a novel fouling suppression system in membrane bioreactors using an intermittent electric field, Water Res., 44, 825, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.026
Sarkar, 2009, Application of external electric field to enhance the permeate flux during micellar enhanced ultrafiltration, Sep. Purif. Technol., 66, 263, 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.01.003
Astudillo, 2010, A new parameter for membrane cleaning evaluation, Sep. Purif. Technol., 73, 286, 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.04.015
Tay, 2005, A more effective method for fouling characterization in a full-scale reverse osmosis process, Desalination, 177, 95, 10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.017
Hughes, 2006
Chen, 2004, Non-invasive observation of synthetic membrane processes: a review of methods, J. Membr. Sci., 241, 23, 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.04.029
Wang, 2010, Effect of hypochlorite cleaning on the physicochemical characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, Chem. Eng. J., 162, 1050, 10.1016/j.cej.2010.07.019
Arkhangelsky, 2007, Hypochlorite cleaning causes degradation of polymer membranes, Tribol. Lett., 28, 109, 10.1007/s11249-007-9253-6
Yadav, 2009, Effects of hypochlorite treatment on the surface morphology and mechanical properties of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 94, 1955, 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.07.027
Rabiller-Baudry, 2008, A dual approach of membrane cleaning based on physico-chemistry and hydrodynamics: application to PES membrane of dairy industry, Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intens., 47, 267, 10.1016/j.cep.2007.01.026
Rabiller-Baudry, 2002, Characterisation of cleaned and fouled membrane by ATR-FTIR and EDX analysis coupled with SEM: application to UF of skimmed milk with a PES membrane, Desalination, 146, 123, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00503-9
Väisänen, 2002, Treatment of UF membranes with simple and formulated cleaning agents, Food Bioprod. Process., 80, 98, 10.1205/09603080252938735
Bégoin, 2006, Ageing of PES industrial spiral-wound membranes in acid whey ultrafiltration, Desalination, 192, 25, 10.1016/j.desal.2005.10.009
Hao, 2011, Effect of metal ions on humic acid fouling of hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, J. Membr. Sci., 376, 247, 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.04.035
Chan, 2004, Characterization of protein fouling on membranes: opportunities and challenges, J. Membr. Sci., 242, 169, 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.01.029
Hughes, 2006, In situ three-dimensional characterization of membrane fouling by protein suspensions using multiphoton microscopy, Langmuir, 22, 6266, 10.1021/la053388q
Field, 2008, Some observations on the chemical cleaning of fouled membranes, Desalination, 227, 132, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.08.004
Reich, 2001, Scanning force microscopy in the applied biological sciences, Biotechnol. Adv., 19, 451, 10.1016/S0734-9750(01)00077-5
Melamane, 2002, Cleaning fouled membranes using sludge enzymes, Water South Africa, 28, 100
Maartens, 1996, Characterisation techniques for organic foulants adsorbed onto flat-sheet UF membranes used in abattoir effluent, J. Membr. Sci., 119, 1, 10.1016/0376-7388(96)00014-2
Platt, 2007, Amido black staining of ultrafiltration membranes fouled with BSA, Desalination, 214, 177, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.09.027
Wei, 2011, Critical flux and chemical cleaning-in-place during the long-term operation of a pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment, Water Res., 45, 863, 10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.021
Porcelli, 2009, Microfiltration membrane plant start up: a case study with autopsy and permeability recovery analysis, Environ. Technol., 30, 629, 10.1080/09593330902849467
Porcelli, 2010, Chemical cleaning of potable water membranes: the cost benefit of optimisation, Water Res., 44, 1389, 10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.020
Bird, 1995, CIP optimisation for the food industry: relationships between detergent concentration, temperature, and cleaning time, Food Bioprod. Process. Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng.: Part C, 73, 63
Makardij, 1999, Ultrafiltration of milk: some aspects of fouling and cleaning, Food Bioprod. Process., 77, 107, 10.1205/096030899532394
Puspitasari, 2010, Cleaning and ageing effect of sodium hypochlorite on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, Sep. Purif. Technol., 72, 301, 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.03.001
Kazemimoghadam, 2007, Chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes in the milk industry, Desalination, 204, 213, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.030
Bartlett, 1995, An experimental study for the development of a qualitative membrane cleaning model, J. Membr. Sci., 105, 147, 10.1016/0376-7388(95)00052-E
Bird, 2002, Measuring and modelling flux recovery during the chemical cleaning of MF membranes for the processing of whey protein concentrate, J. Food Eng., 53, 143, 10.1016/S0260-8774(01)00151-0
Nigam, 2008, Fouling and cleaning of whey protein concentrate fouled ultrafiltration membranes, Desalination, 218, 313, 10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.027
Cheryan, 1998
Gaudichet-Maurin, 2006, Ageing of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes in contact with bleach solutions, J. Membr. Sci., 282, 198, 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.05.023
McAliley, 2009, Advances in membrane treatment lead to more cost-effective options for drinking water producers
Kommineni, 2010, Evaluation of an emerging water treatment technology: ceramic membranes, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 10, 765, 10.2166/ws.2010.175
Kyllönen, 2006, Experimental aspects of ultrasonically enhanced cross-flow membrane filtration of industrial wastewater, Ultrason. Sonochem., 13, 295, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2005.04.006
Chen, 2006, Ultrasonic control of ceramic membrane fouling: effect of particle characteristics, Water Res., 40, 840, 10.1016/j.watres.2005.12.031
Gijsbertsen-Abrahamse, 2006, Fiber failure frequency and causes of hollow fiber integrity loss, Desalination, 194, 251, 10.1016/j.desal.2005.11.010
Pilutti, 2003
Rouaix, 2006, Experimental study of the effects of hypochlorite on polysulfone membrane properties, J. Membr. Sci., 277, 137, 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.040
Millipore, 2011
Causserand, 2008, Ageing of polysulfone membranes in contact with bleach solution: role of radical oxidation and of some dissolved metal ions, Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intens., 47, 48, 10.1016/j.cep.2007.08.013
Qin, 2004, Hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes made from blends of PAN and PVP, Sep. Purif. Technol., 36, 149, 10.1016/S1383-5866(03)00210-7
Yadav, 2010, Effects of hypochlorite exposure on flux through polyethersulphone ultrafiltration membranes, Food Bioprod. Process., 88, 419, 10.1016/j.fbp.2010.09.005
Gitis, 2006, Application of nanoscale probes for the evaluation of the integrity of ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci., 276, 185, 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.09.055
Thominette, 2006, Ageing of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes in hypochlorite treatment, Desalination, 200, 7, 10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.221
Morris, 1966, The acid ionization constant of HOCl from 5 to 35°C, J. Phys. Chem., 70, 3798, 10.1021/j100884a007
Pellegrin, 2013, Multi-scale analysis of hypochlorite induced PES/PVP ultrafiltration membranes degradation, J. Membr. Sci., 447, 287, 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.07.026
Wienk, 1995, Chemical treatment of membranes of a polymer blend: Mechanism of the reaction of hypochlorite with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 33, 49, 10.1002/pola.1995.080330105
Qin, 2002, Hypochlorite treatment of hydrophilic hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes for high fluxes, Desalination, 146, 307, 10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00497-6
Qin, 2005, Effect of hypochlorite concentration on properties of post-treated outer-skin ultrafiltration membranes spun from cellulose acetate/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blends, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 97, 227, 10.1002/app.21756