Formation and Control of Bromate During Ozonation of Waters Containing Bromide

Journal - American Water Works Association - Tập 85 Số 1 - Trang 73-81 - 1993
Stuart W. Krasner1, William H. Glaze1, Howard S. Weinberg1, Phillippe A. Daniel1, Issam Najm1
1AWWA Research Foundation

Tóm tắt

The results of this study show that the ozonation of waters containing bromide may produce bromate, with ozone dosage playing a critical role. The appropriate staging of ozone through two or three chambers, however, has the potential to minimize ozone residual and bromate formation while still meeting C × T criteria. The addition of hydrogen peroxide (the PEROXONE process) may increase the formation of bromate. As the pH of ozonation was lowered, the ozone dosage necessary to meet C × T criteria dropped, and less bromate was produced. The authors conclude that a better understanding of the mechanisms of bromate formation is required before it can be fully controlled.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Regli S.Status Report on Development of Regulations for Disinfectants and Disinfection By‐Products. USEPA Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water Washington D.C.(June1991).

1989, Filtration and Disinfection; Turbidity, Giardia lamblia, Viruses, Legionella, and Heterotrophic Bacteria; Final Rule, Fed. Reg, 54, 27486

Kurokawa Y., 1986, Dose‐‐Response Studies in the Carcinogenicity of Potassium Bromate in F344 Rats After Long‐Term Oral Administration, Jour. Natl. Cancer Inst, 77, 977

Bull R.J., 1991, Health Effects of Disinfectants and Disinfection By‐products

Bull R.J.Carcinogenic Risks Associated With Disinfection By‐Products in Alternate Drinking Water Sources Available to the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD). Draft Tech. Rept. Washington State Univ. Pullman. (July1991).

Patel Y.Review of Ozone and By‐products Criteria Document. Presentation to Sci. Advisory Bd. by USEPA Health and Risk Assessment Br. Washington D.C. (Feb.1992).

10.1021/es00111a004

10.1080/01919518808552163

10.1021/ic50028a029

10.1021/ja01198a074

10.1080/01919518708552148

Glaze W.H.et al.Identification and Occurrence of Ozonation By‐products in Drinking Water. Rept. for AWWARF Denver Colo.(in press).

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California & James M. Montgomery Consulting Engineers Inc. Pilot‐Scale Evaluation of Ozone and PEROXONE. AWWA Res. Fdn. Denver Colo. (1991).

Krasner S. W.et al.Formation and Control of Brominated Ozone By‐Products. Proc.1991AWWA Ann. Conf. Philadelphia Pa.

Kuo C.‐Y.et al.Analysis of Inorganic Disinfection By‐Products in Ozonated Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography. Proc.1990AWWA WQTC San Diego Calif.

1989, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater

Dunkelberger G.et al.Water Quality Performance of a Full‐Scale Ozonation Facility. Proc.1992Pan American Com. Conf. Intl. Ozone Assn. Pasadena Calif.

Amy G. L.&Siddiqui M.S.Ozone‐‐Bromide Interactions in Water Treatment. Proc.1991AWWA Ann. Conf. Philadelphia Pa.

Amy G. L.et al.A National Survey of Bromide Ion Concentrations in Drinking Water Sources. Presentation to AWWARF Proj. Advisory Com. Boulder Colo.(Mar.1992).

Daniel P.A.Preammoniation Studies for Disinfection By‐Product Control. Rept. From the Delta Munic. and Indus. Water Quality Workgroup to the California State Water Resources Control Bd. for the Proc. on the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento‐‐San Joaquin Delta Estuary. Appendix A. Contra Costa Water Dist. Concord Calif.(Oct.1989).