Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Ai là người sẽ được gióng chuông: quan hệ nhà nước - xã hội và nghi lễ tang lễ sau trận động đất Tứ Xuyên ở Trung Quốc
Tóm tắt
Sau trận động đất tàn khốc tại Tứ Xuyên vào năm 2008, nhà nước Trung Quốc, lần đầu tiên trong lịch sử của Cộng hòa Nhân dân, đã tổ chức một buổi nghi lễ tang lễ quốc gia dành cho các nạn nhân thiên tai bình thường. Tại sao nghi lễ "tang lễ cho người bình thường" lại xuất hiện sau trận động đất Tứ Xuyên mà không phải là những thảm họa lớn trước đó? Hơn nữa, nhà nước Trung Quốc đã cố gắng thể hiện qua buổi tang lễ rằng nhà nước tôn trọng cuộc sống và nhân phẩm của người dân. Nhưng thông điệp đạo đức - chính trị này lại mâu thuẫn với các phương thức đàn áp bình thường của nhà nước. Sự mâu thuẫn trở nên rõ ràng khi nhà nước cấm cha mẹ của những trẻ em nạn nhân, những người thiệt mạng trong vụ sập trường học, tổ chức tang lễ cho con cái của họ vào các dịp kỷ niệm trận động đất. Rốt cuộc, điều gì lý giải cho sự mâu thuẫn này? Dựa trên khía cạnh quan hệ nhà nước - xã hội, tôi lập luận rằng sự xuất hiện của "tang lễ cho người bình thường" có thể được giải thích bởi một số thay đổi quan trọng trong các quan hệ cấu trúc nhà nước - xã hội ở Trung Quốc trong những năm 2000, chẳng hạn như sự phát triển nhanh chóng của xã hội dân sự với ý thức đạo đức và một nhà nước Trung Quốc chuyên chế có khả năng thích nghi hơn với mối quan tâm tới tính hợp pháp đạo đức của nó. Những thay đổi này đã trở nên mạnh mẽ hơn trong bối cảnh đặc thù vào năm 2008, dẫn đến việc nhà nước chấp nhận một đề xuất tang lễ từ lĩnh vực công cộng. Tang lễ không xảy ra trong các thảm họa trước đó vì những yếu tố cấu trúc đó đã vắng mặt hoặc yếu và các tình huống động lực khác nhau. Nhà nước đã đàn áp việc tang lễ của cha mẹ và những hoạt động tang lễ thay thế từ bên ngoài vì mối quan tâm của nhà nước về ổn định đã vượt lên trên tính hợp pháp đạo đức của nó, đặc biệt là trong bối cảnh chính trị đang thay đổi sau Thế vận hội Bắc Kinh, trong khi đó, xã hội dân sự không thể chống lại sự đàn áp của nhà nước. Nghiên cứu này lý thuyết hóa một thể loại tang lễ quan trọng nhưng chưa được nghiên cứu nhiều, "tang lễ cho người bình thường", và đưa khía cạnh nhà nước - xã hội vào nghiên cứu nghi lễ công cộng.
Từ khóa
#Tang lễ #động đất Tứ Xuyên #quan hệ nhà nước - xã hội #xã hội dân sự #tính hợp pháp đạo đứcTài liệu tham khảo
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