Follow-up in soft tissue sarcomas
Tóm tắt
The strategy for the follow-up of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) after therapy is tailored to the individual risk of recurrence and based on efficient rather than sophisticated methods of observation. Along with advances in the treatment of sarcomas, earlier detection of a less advanced and resectable recurrent disease (local or metastasis—especially to the lungs) can prolong patient survival. Since the majority of STS relapses occur within 5 years after treatment (approximately 80 % of metastases to the lung and close to 70 % of local recurrences within the first 2–3 years), in the period between 2 and 3 years after treatment, it is mandatory to follow-up patients every 3 months and perform careful history and physical examination (especially scars after surgery of the primary site) and a chest X-ray. There is no reason to perform other studies in asymptomatic patients (unless the patient reports symptoms). In case of retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal STS (including gastrointestinal stromal tumor), contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis is recommended as the follow-up modality of choice. In this paper we outline the current recommendations for the follow-up strategy.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Cool P, Grimer R, Rees R. Surveillance in patients with sarcoma of the extremities. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2005;31:1020–4.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Soft Tissue Sarcomas, Version 1.2013.
Grimer R, Judson I, Peake D, Seddon B. Guidelines for the management of soft tissue sarcomas. Sarcoma. 2010;2010:506182.
Chou YS, Liu CY, Chen WM, Chen TH, Chen PC, Wu HT, Chiou HJ, Shiau CY, Wu YC, Liu CL, Chao TC, Tzeng CH, Yen CC. Follow-up after primary treatment of soft tissue sarcoma of extremities: impact of frequency of follow-up imaging on disease-specific survival. J Surg Oncol. 2012;106(2):155–61.
Ruka W, Rutkowski P, Krzakowski M, Grzesiakowska U, Ptaszyński K, Jeziorski A, Polkowski W, Ryś J, Słuszniak J, Dziewirski W, Morysiński T, Świtaj T, Bębenek M, Siedlecki JA, Limon J, Nowecki ZI. Soft tissue sarcomas in adult patients –guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Nowotwory – Journal of Oncology. 2010;60:55–65.
Van Geel AN, Pastorini U, Jauch KW, Judson IR, van Coevorden F, Buesa JM, Nielsen OS, Boudinet A, Tursz T, Schmitz PIM. The surgical treatment of lung metastases. The European organization for research and treatment of cancer—soft tissue and bone sarcoma group study of 255 patients. Cancer. 1996;77:675–82.
Patel SR, Zagars GK, Pisters PWT. The follow-up of adult soft tissue sarcomas. Sem Surg Oncol. 2003;30:413–6.
Casson AG, Putnam JB, Natarajan G, Johnston DA, Mountain C, McMurtrey M, Roth JA. Five-years survival after pulmonary metastasectomy for adult soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer. 1992;69:662–8.
Gadd MA, Casper ES, Woodruff JM, et al. Development and treatment of pulmonary metastases in adult patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg. 1993;218:705–12.
Whooley BP, Gibbs JF, Mooney MM, et al. Primary extremity sarcoma: What is the appropriate follow-up? Ann Surg Oncol. 2000;7:9–14.
Whooley BP, Mooney MM, Gibbs JF, Kraybill WG. Effective follow-up strategies in soft tissue sarcoma. Sem Surg Oncol. 1999;17:83–7.
Choi H, Varma DG, Fornage BD, Kim EE, Johnston DA. Soft-tissue sarcoma: MR imaging vs sonography for detection of local recurrence after surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;157(2):353–8.
Arya S, Nagarkatti DG, Dudhat SB, Nadkarni KS, Joshi MS, Shinde SR. Soft tissue sarcomas: ultrasonographic evaluation of local recurrences. Clin Radiol. 2000;55(3):193–7.
Briccoli A, Galletti S, Salone M, Morganti A, Pelotti P, Rocca M. Ultrasonography is superior to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in determining superficial resection margins of malignant chest wall tumors. J Ultrasound Med. 2007;26(2):157–62.
Labarre D, Aziza R, Filleron T, Delannes M, Delaunay F, Marques B, Ferron G, Chevreau C. Detection of local recurrences of limb soft tissue sarcomas: Is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relevant? Eur J Radiol. 2009;72:50–3.
Vanel D, Shapeero LG, De Baere T, et al. MR imaging in the follow-up of malignant and aggressive soft-tissue tumors: results of 511 examinations. Radiology 1994;190:263–8.
The ESMO/European Sarcoma Network Working Group. Soft tissue and visceral sarcomas: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 2012;23(Suppl. 7):vii92–9.
Brennan MF. Follow-up is valuable and effective: true, true and unrelated? Ann Surg Oncol. 2000;7:2–3.
Casali PG, Jost L, Reichardt P, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 2009;20(suppl. 4):64–7.
Rutkowski P, Kulig J, Krzakowski M, et al. Recommendations for diagnostics and therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in 2010. Onkol. Prakt. Klin. 2010;6:181–94.
Gerrand CH, Billingham LJ, Woll PJ, Grimer RJ. Follow-up after primary treatment of soft tissue sarcoma: a survey of current practice in the United Kingdom. Sarcoma. 2007;2007:34128.
Sakata K, Beitler AL, Gibbs JF, Kraybill WG, Virgo KS, Johnson FE. How surgeon age affects surveillance strategies for extremity soft tissue sarcoma patients after potentially curative treatment. J Surg Res. 2002;108:227–34.
Puri A, Gulia A, Hawaldar R, Ranganathan P, Badwe RA. Does intensity of surveillance affect survival after surgery for sarcomas? Results of a randomized noninferiority trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472:1568–75.
Rutkowski P, Wozniak A, Dębiec-Rychter M, Kąkol M, Dziewirski W, Zdzienicki M, Ptaszynski K, Jurkowska M, Limon J, Siedlecki JA. Clinical utility of the new American Joint Committee on cancer staging system for gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Current overall survival after primary tumor resection. Cancer. 2011;117(21):4916–24.
Reichardt P, Blay JY, von Mehren M. Towards global consensus in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2010;10:221–32.
Joensuu H., Eriksson M., Sundby Hall K, Hartmann JT, Pink D, Schütte J, Ramadori G, Hohenberger P, Duyster J, Al-Batran SE, Schlemmer M, Bauer S, Wardelmann E, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Nilsson B, Sihto H, Monge OR, Bono P, Kallio R, Vehtari A, Leinonen M, Alvegård T, Reichardt P. One vs three years of adjuvant imatinib for operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;307(12):1265–72.
Goel A, Christy M, Virgo K, Kraybill W, Johnson F. Costs of follow-up after potentially curative treatment for extremity soft-tissue sarcoma. Int J Oncol. 2004;25:429–35.