Phun Lá Stigmasterol Điều Hòa Quá Trình Sinh Lý và Hệ Thống Chống Oxy Hóa để Cải Thiện Năng Suất và Chất Lượng của Hướng Dương Dưới Căng Thẳng Hạn Hán

Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition - Tập 23 Số 2 - Trang 2433-2450 - 2023
Rania Samy Hanafy1, Mervat Sh. Sadak2
1Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11341, Egypt
2Department of Botany, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth Street, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Dokki, Egypt

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtCăng thẳng hạn hán là một thách thức không thể tránh khỏi làm hạn chế sản xuất và chất lượng cây trồng. Stigmasterol là một hợp chất tiềm năng trong việc bảo vệ thực vật và cải thiện năng suất trong điều kiện hạn hán. Do đó, các tác động của việc sử dụng trị liệu ngoài thân bằng stigmasterol trong việc cải thiện sinh trưởng và năng suất của cây hướng dương trồng dưới hạn hán đã được nghiên cứu. Một thí nghiệm chậu được thực hiện tại hai mùa hè, sử dụng việc điều trị phun lá stigmasterol với liều lượng 0, 100, 200 và 300 mg L−1 lên cây hướng dương dưới các mức tưới tiêu khác nhau, chiếm 80% và 50% nhu cầu tưới nước (WIR). Căng thẳng hạn hán (50% WIR) gây ra sự giảm đáng kể trong các thành phần sinh trưởng và năng suất; tỷ lệ giảm đường kính đầu hoa đạt 26,55%, chu vi đầu hoa 26,05%, trọng lượng hạt mỗi cây 36,26%, và trọng lượng 100 hạt 29,61%, do giảm sắc tố quang hợp và auxin axetic trong khi làm tăng hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxidation lipid (MDA), rò rỉ màng, hoạt động lipoxygenase, một số hợp chất chống oxy hoá, enzyme, và osmo chất. Stigmasterol có tác dụng thúc đẩy sự tăng trưởng và năng suất của cây hướng dương qua việc cải thiện sắc tố quang hợp, indole acetic acid, các chất chống oxy hóa không enzym, enzyme, và osmo chất, trong khi giảm rò rỉ màng, H2O2, và MDA, do đó cải thiện chất lượng năng suất. Hơn nữa, stigmasterol cải thiện tầm quan trọng kinh tế dầu hạt hướng dương. Khoảng 200 mg L−1 stigmasterol là nồng độ hiệu quả nhất trong việc cải thiện các chỉ số năng suất, khi nó gây ra 19,84% và 25,29% trong trọng lượng hạt mỗi cây và 26,72% và 33,95% của trọng lượng 100 hạt dưới 80% và 50% WIR, tương ứng. Stigmasterol cải thiện sinh trưởng và năng suất của hướng dương dưới điều kiện nước bình thường và có thể vượt qua tác động tiêu cực của hạn hán bằng cách cải thiện sinh trưởng và phát triển cùng các thuộc tính sinh lý khác nhau.

Từ khóa

#Căng thẳng hạn hán #Stigmasterol #Hướng dương #Cải thiện năng suất #Chống oxy hóa #Sắc tố quang hợp #Auxin axetic

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