Fluoride uptake and acid resistance of enamel irradiated with Er:YAG laser
Tóm tắt
This study evaluated the resistance to demineralization and fluoride incorporation of enamel irradiated with Er:YAG. A total of 110 bovine teeth were selected and divided into eight groups: unlased, 37% phosphoric acid, and samples irradiated with the Er:YAG laser at several fluences (31.84 J/cm2, 25.47 J/cm2, 19.10 J/cm2, 2.08 J/cm2, 1.8 J/cm2, and 0.9 J/cm2). The application of acidulated phosphate fluoride was performed after treatments. All samples were immersed in 2 ml of 2.0 M acetic–acetate acid solution at pH 4.5 for 8 h, and fluoride, calcium, and phosphorus ions dissolved were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry and spectrophotometry. The phosphoric acid and 31.84 J/cm2 groups presented the lowest dissolution of calcium and phosphorus ions. Higher fluoride incorporation was observed on 1.8 J/cm2 and 0.9 J/cm2 groups. Based on these results, Er:YAG laser was able to decrease acid dissolution and increase fluoride uptake and can be a promissory alternative for preventive dentistry.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Petersen PE, Lennon MA (2004) Effective use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries in the 21st century: the WHO approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 32:319–321
Bratthall D, Hansel-Petersson G, Sundberg G (1996) Reasons for the caries decline: what do the experts believe? Eur J Oral Sci 104:433–435
Marthaler TM (2004) Changes in dental caries 1953–2003. Caries Res 38:173–181
Lima YBO, Cury JA (2003) Seasonal variation of fluoride intake by children in a subtropical region. Caries Res 37:335–338
Featherstone JDB (2000) The science and practice of caries prevention. J Am Dent Assoc 131:887–899
Feathestone JDB (2004) The continuum of dental caries—evidence for a dynamic process. J Dent Res 83:C39–C42
Ten Cate JM, Featherstone JDB (1991) Mechanistic aspects of the interactions between fluoride and dental enamel. CRC Crit Rev Oral Biol 2:283–296
McCann HG (1968) The solubility of fluorapatite and its relationship to that of calcium fluoride. Arch Oral Biol 13:987–1001
Phan ND, Fried D, Featherstone JDB (1999) Laser-induced transformation of carbonated apatite to fluorapatite on bovine enamel. Proc SPIE 3593:233–240
Dijkman AG, Boer P, Arends J (1983) In vivo investigation on the fluoride content in and on human enamel after topical applications. Caries Res 17:392–402
Fried D, Featherstone JDB, Visuri SR, Seka W, Walsh JT (1996) The caries inhibition potential of Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser irradiation. Proc SPIE 2672:73–78
Apel C, Meister J, Götz H, Duschner H, Gutknecht N (2005) Structural changes in human dental enamel after subablative erbium laser irradiation and its potential use for caries prevention. Caries Res 39:65–70
Nammour S, Demortier G, Florio P, Delhaye Y, Pireaux J-J, Morciaux Y, Powel L (2003) Increase of enamel fluoride retention by low fluence argon laser in vivo. Lasers Surg Med 33:260–263
Delbem ACB, Cury JA, Nakassima CK, Gouveia VG, Theodoro LH (2003) Effect of Er:YAG laser on CaF2 formation and its anti-cariogenic action on human enamel: an in vitro study. J Clin Laser Med Surg 21:197–201
Boari HGD, Zezell DM, Eduardo CP (2000) Dye enhancing Nd:YAG irradiation on enamel aiming caries prevention. J Dent Res 19:1079
Tepper AS, Zehnder M, Pajarola GF, Schmidlin PR (2004) Increased fluoride uptake and acid resistance by CO2 laser-irradiation through topically applied fluoride on human enamel in vitro. J Dent 32:635–641
Featherstone JBD, Fried D, Bitten ER (1997) Mechanisms of laser induced solubility reduction in dental enamel. Proc SPIE 2973:112–116
Ana PA, Bachmann L, Zezell DM (2006) Lasers effects on enamel for caries prevention. Laser Phys 16:865–875
Stern RH, Sognnaes RF (1972) Laser inhibition of dental caries suggested by first tests in vivo. J Am Dent Assoc 85:1087–1090
Morioka T, Tagomori S, Oho T (1991) Acid resistance of lased human enamel with Er:YAG laser. J Clin Laser Med Surg 9:215–217
Apel C, Meister J, Schmitt N, Gräber H-G, Gutknecht N (2002) Calcium solubility of dental enamel following sub-ablative Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser irradiation in vitro. Lasers Surg Med 30:337–341
Kantorowitz Z, Featherstone JDB, Fried D (1998) Caries prevention by CO2 laser treatment: dependency on the number of pulses used. J Dent Am Assoc 129:585–591
Seka W, Featherstone JDB, Fried D, Visuri SR, Walsh JT (1996) Laser ablation of dental hard tissue: from explosive ablation to plasma-mediated ablation. Proc SPIE 2672:144–158
Delbem ACB, Cury JA (2002) Effect of application time of APF and NAF gels on microhardness and fluoride uptake of in vitro enamel caries. Am J Dent 15:169–172
Arimoto N, Susaki A, Katada H, Senda A (1998) Acid resistance in lased dentin. Proc. International Congress on Laser in Dentistry, pp 61–62
Cecchini RC, Zezell DM, Oliveira E, Freitas PM, Eduardo CP (2005) Effect of Er:YAG laser on enamel acid resistance: morphological and atomic spectrometry analysis. Lasers Surg Med 37:366–372
Li ZZ, Code JE, Van de Merme WP (1992) Er:YAG laser ablation of enamel and dentin of human teeth: determination of ablation rates at various fluences and pulse repetition rates. Lasers Surg Med 12:625–630
Apel C, Meister J, Ioana RS, Franzen R, Hering P, Gutkanecht N (2002) The ablation threshold of Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser radiation in dental enamel. Lasers Med Sci 17:246–52
Zach L, Cohen G (1965) Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surg 19:515–530
Gouw-Soares S, Haypek O, Pelino JE, Eduardo CP (2001) Temperature rises in cavities prepared in vitro by Er:YAG laser. J Oral Laser Appl 1:119–123
Hossain M, Nakamura Y, Kimura Y, Yamada Y, Ito M, Matsumoto K (2000) Caries preventive effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation with or without water mist. J Clin Laser Med Surg 18:61–65
Burkers EJ, Hoke J, Gomes E, Wolbarsht M (1992) Wet versus dry enamel ablation by Er:YAG laser. J Prosthet Dent 67:847–851
Apel C, Schafer C, Gutknecht N (2003) Demineralization of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-prepared enamel cavities in vitro. Caries Res 37:34–37
Stern RH, Sognnaes RF, Goodman F (1966) Laser effect on in vitro enamel permeability and solubility. J Am Dent Assoc 73:838–843
Nelson DGA, Wefel JS, Jongebloed WL, Featherstone JDB (1987) Morphology, histology and cristallography of human dental enamel treated with pulsed low-energy infrared laser irradiation. Caries Res 21:411–426
Fowler BO, Kuroda S (1986) Changes in heated and in laser-irradiated human tooth enamel and their probable effects on solubility. Calcif Tissue Int 38:197–208
Bachmann L, Craievich AF, Zezell DM (2004) Crystalline structure of dental enamel after Ho:YLF laser irradiation. Arch Oral Biol 49:923–929
Oho T, Morioka T (1990) A possible mechanism of acquired acid resistance of human dental enamel by laser irradiation. Caries Res 24:86–92
Hsu J, Fox JL, Wang Z, Powel GL, Otsuka M, Higuchi WI (1998) Combined effects of laser irradiation/solution fluoride ion on enamel demineralization. J Clin Laser Med Surg 16:93–105
Shirasuka T, Kodaka T, Debari K, Matsumoto K (1991) Acid resistance on human dental enamel by laser irradiation and fluoride treatment. J Dent Res 70:350