Fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks: Modelling review and recent progress

Tuckerman, 1981, High-performance heat sinking for VLSI, IEEE., 2, 126 Rabiei, 2020, Thermal and hydraulic characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid containing graphene sheets decorated with platinum through a new wavy cylindrical microchannel, Appl. Therm. Eng., 181, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115981 Ling, 2020, Structure and geometric dimension optimization of interlaced microchannel for heat transfer performance enhancement, Appl. Therm. Eng., 170, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115011 Meyari, 2021, Numerical investigation of particle separation in Y-shaped bifurcating microchannels, Particuology., 56, 142, 10.1016/j.partic.2020.10.003 Yang, 2019, Numerical study on flow and heat transfer of a hybrid microchannel cooling scheme using manifold arrangement and secondary channels, Appl. Therm. Eng., 159, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113896 Feng, 2017, Numerical investigation on laminar flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannel heat sink with wire coil inserts, Appl. Therm. Eng., 116, 597, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.091 Al-Rashed, 2019, Numerical assessment into the hydrothermal and entropy generation characteristics of biological water-silver nano-fluid in a wavy walled microchannel heat sink, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 104, 118, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2019.03.007 Arjmandfard, 2020, Study the time evolution of nanofluid flow in a microchannel with various sizes of Fe nanoparticle using molecular dynamics simulation, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 118, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104874 Liu, 2019, An experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement in annular microchannel heat sinks, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 142, 106, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.04.006 Lu, 2019, Analysis on heat transfer and pressure drop of a microchannel heat sink with dimples and vortex generators, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 145, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.105986 Ali, 2020, Temperature uniformity enhancement of densely packed high concentrator photovoltaic module using four quadrants microchannel heat sink, Solar Energy., 202, 446, 10.1016/j.solener.2020.03.106 Peng, 2020, Numerical study on flow and heat transfer in a multi-jet microchannel heat sink, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 157, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119982 Lin, 2017, Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel heat sink by wavy channel with changing wavelength/amplitude, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 118, 423, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.05.013 Abdul Hasis, 2018, Thermo hydraulic performance analysis of twisted sinusoidal wavy microchannels, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 128, 124, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.02.018 Lei, 2020, Cooling heat transfer and pressure drop of supercritical CO2 in wavy microchannels with consistent and opposite crests and troughs, Int. J. Refrig., 109, 64, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.07.015 Sreehari, 2019, On thermal performance of serpentine silicon microchannels, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 146, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.106067 Gómez-Pastora, 2018, Flow patterns and mass transfer performance of miscible liquid-liquid flows in various microchannels: Numerical and experimental studies, Chem. Eng. J., 334, 487, 10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.110 Bayrak, 2019, Numerical investigation of the effects of geometric structure of microchannel heat sink on flow characteristics and heat transfer performance, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 135, 589, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.08.030 Zheng, 2021, Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a complex microchannel, Chem. Eng. Sci., 230, 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116198 Qaderi, 2019, CFD simulation of combined electroosmotic-pressure driven micro-mixing in a microchannel equipped with triangular hurdle and zeta-potential heterogeneity, Chem. Eng. Sci., 199, 463, 10.1016/j.ces.2019.01.034 Hosseinpour, 2020, Developing a metamodel based upon the DOE approach for investigating the overall performance of microchannel heat sinks utilizing a variety of internal fins, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 149, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119219 Derakhshanpour, 2020, Effect of rib shape and fillet radius on thermal-hydrodynamic performance of microchannel heat sinks: A CFD study, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 119, 104928, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104928 He, 2020, Hydrothermal performance of nanofluid flow in a sinusoidal double layer microchannel in order to geometric optimization, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 117, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104700 Yue, 2018, CFD simulation on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of a microchannel separate heat pipe under different filling ratios, Appl. Therm. Eng., 139, 25, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.011 Mandel, 2018, A “2.5-D” modeling approach for single-phase flow and heat transfer in manifold microchannels, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 126, 317, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.04.145 Ding, 2019, Theoretical investigation on convective condensation annular flow of R410a inside rectangular microchannel, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 131, 698, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.093 Burk, 2019, Computational examination of two-phase microchannel heat transfer correlations with conjugate heat spreading, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 132, 68, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.068 El-Genk, 2019, Nusselt number and development length correlations for laminar flows of water and air in microchannels, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 133, 277, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.12.077 Jiang, 2020, Numerical study of flow regimes in microchannel with dynamic contact angle, Int. J. Hydrogen. Energ., 45, 29782, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.09.035 Abdollahi, 2020, Fluid flow and heat transfer of liquid-liquid Taylor flow in square microchannels, Appl. Therm. Eng., 172, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115123 Soleimani, 2020, Thermal analysis of a microchannel heat sink cooled by two-phase flow boiling of Al2O3 HFE-7100 nanofluid, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., 20 Chatterjee, 2021, Study of multiphase flow inside straight and spiral microchannel and effect of two phase flow on Dean’s vortices, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 165, 398, 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.11.022 Kumar, 2019, Numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer in trapezoidal microchannel with groove structure, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 136, 33, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.10.006 Trofa, 2019, CFD-DEM simulations of particulate fouling in microchannels, Chem. Eng. J., 358, 91, 10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.207 Mohammadpour, 2021, Evaluation of Al2O3-Water nanofluid in a microchannel equipped with a synthetic jet using single-phase and Eulerian-Lagrangian models, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 161, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106705 Zeng, 2019, Topology optimization of liquid-cooled microchannel heat sinks: An experimental and numerical study, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 142, 118401, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.07.051 Yang, 2020, Multi-objective optimization of a hybrid microchannel heat sink combining manifold concept with secondary channels, Appl. Therm. Eng., 181, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115592 Kewalramani, 2017, Modeling of microchannel heat sinks for electronic cooling applications using volume averaging approach, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 115, 395, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.08.041 Wang, 2018, Modeling of film condensation flow in oval microchannels, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 126, 1194, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.05.126 Taher, 2018, Analytical, numerical and experimental study on capillary flow in a microchannel traversing a backward facing step, Int. J. Multiphas. Flow., 107, 221, 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.06.018 Cao, 2019, Heat transfer and pressure drop in microchannels with isotropically etched pillars at sub-ambient temperatures, Int. J. Refrig., 98, 334, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.10.005 Bucci, 2019, Numerical and experimental analysis of combustion in microchannels with controlled temperature, Chem. Eng. Sci: X., 4 Wei, 2020, CFD analysis on flow and heat transfer mechanism of a microchannel Ω-shape heat pipe under zero gravity condition, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 163, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120448 Laziz, 2020, Rapid production of biodiesel in a microchannel reactor at room temperature by enhancement of mixing behaviour in methanol phase using volume of fluid model, Chem. Eng. Sci., 219 Vajdi, 2020, Heat transfer and pressure drop in a ZrB2 microchannel heat sink: A numerical approach, Ceram. Int., 46, 1730, 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.146 Ong, 2020, CFD investigation of the feasibility of polymer-based microchannel heat sink as thermal solution, Chinese. J. Chem Eng., 28, 980, 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.01.007 Fattahi, 2020, Aluminum nitride as an alternative ceramic for fabrication of microchannel heat exchangers: a numerical study, Ceram. Int., 46, 11647, 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.195 Zhan, 2021, Optimal analysis of the hydraulic and mixing performances of symmetric T-shaped rectangular microchannel mixer, Fractals., 29, 2150042, 10.1142/S0218348X21500420 Wan, 2020, A review of passive methods in microchannel heat sink application through advanced geometric structure and nanofluids: Current advancements and challenges, Nanotechnol. Rev., 9, 1192, 10.1515/ntrev-2020-0094 Soleimanikutanaei, 2018, Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement using transverse microchannels in a heat sink, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 125, 89, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.11.009 Alfaryjat, 2018, Numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement using various nanofluids in hexagonal microchannel heat sink, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., 5, 252, 10.1016/j.tsep.2017.12.003 Chai, 2018, Thermohydraulic performance of microchannel heat sinks with triangular ribs on sidewalls – Part 1: Local fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 127, 1124, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.08.114 Wang, 2019, Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel heat sink with bidirectional rib, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 136, 597, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.02.018 Vasilev, 2019, Effect of microchannel heat sink configuration on the thermal performance and pumping power, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 141, 845, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.07.031 Shen, 2019, The numerical simulation with staggered alternation locations and multi-flow directions on the thermal performance of double-layer microchannel heat sinks, Appl. Therm. Eng., 163, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114332 Liu, 2020, Experimental and numerical analysis on heat transfer performance of slug flow in rectangular microchannel, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 147, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118963 Su, 2020, Heat transfer characteristics of thermally developing flow in rectangular microchannels with constant wall temperature, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 155, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106412 Khalesi, 2020, Supercritical CO2 conjugate heat transfer and flow analysis in a rectangular microchannel subject to uniformly heated substrate wall, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., 19 Al-Baghdadi, 2020, CFD analysis of a nanofluid-based microchannel heat sink, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., 20 Ansari, 2020, Flow and heat transfer analysis of microchannels structured with rectangular surface roughness, Chem. Eng. Process., 156, 10.1016/j.cep.2020.108066 Fallah, 2017, Lattice Boltzmann simulation of drop formation in T-junction microchannel, J. Mol. Liq., 240, 723, 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.05.108 Fu, 2017, Yi Cheng, Numerical study of Janus droplet formation in microchannels by a lattice Boltzmann method, Chem. Eng. Process., 119, 34, 10.1016/j.cep.2017.05.019 Ghadirzadeh, 2017, Lattice Boltzmann simulation of temperature jump effect on the nanofluid heat transfer in an annulus microchannel, Int. J. Mech. SCI., 133, 524, 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.09.013 Kamali, 2018, Numerical simulation of electroosmotic flow in rough microchannels using the lattice Poisson-Nernst-Planck methods, Chem. Phys., 507, 1, 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.04.008 Cai, 2018, Numerical prediction of thin liquid film near the solid wall for hydraulic cavitating flow in microchannel by a multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 127, 107, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.06.146 Zhou, 2019, Simulation of oscillation of magnetic particles in 3D microchannel flow subjected to alternating gradient magnetic field, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 473, 32, 10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.10.028 Zhou, 2019, Effect of alternating gradient magnetic field on heat transfer enhancement of magnetoreological fluid flowing through microchannel, Appl. Therm. Eng., 150, 1116, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.01.057 D'Orazio, 2019, A useful case study to develop lattice Boltzmann method performance: Gravity effects on slip velocity and temperature profiles of an air flow inside a microchannel under a constant heat flux boundary condition, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 136, 1017, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.03.029 Yang, 2019, Lattice Boltzmann simulations of liquid flows in microchannel with an improved slip boundary condition, Chem. Eng. Sci., 202, 105, 10.1016/j.ces.2019.03.032 Ahangar, 2019, Simulation of rarefied gas flow in a microchannel with backward facing step by two relaxation times using Lattice Boltzmann method – Slip and transient flow regimes, Int. J. Mech. SCI., 157-158, 802, 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.05.025 Saravani, 2020, Heat transfer investigation of combined electroosmotic/pressure driven nanofluid flow in a microchannel: Effect of heterogeneous surface potential and slip boundary condition, Eur. J. Mech. B-Fluid., 80, 13, 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2019.11.002 Wang, 2020, Lattice Boltzmann study of flow pulsation on heat transfer augmentation in a louvered microchannel heat sink, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 148, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119139 Ahangar, 2020, Lattice Boltzmann simulation of diluted gas flow inside irregular shape microchannel by two relaxation times on the basis of wall function approach, Vacuum., 173, 10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.109104 Afrouzi, 2020, Thermo-hydraulic characteristics investigation of nanofluid heat transfer in a microchannel with super hydrophobic surfaces under non-uniform magnetic field using Incompressible Preconditioned Lattice Boltzmann Method (IPLBM), Physica A., 553, 10.1016/j.physa.2020.124669 Wang, 2020, Three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulation of Janus droplet formation in Y-shaped co-flowing microchannel, Chem. Eng. Sci., 225, 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115819 He, 2020, Lattice Boltzmann simulations of magnetic particles in a three-dimensional microchannel, Powder. Technol., 373, 555, 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.06.074 Zhang, 2020, Comprehensive analysis on the effect of asymmetric heat fluxes on microchannel slip flow and heat transfer via a lattice Boltzmann method, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 118, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104856 Zarringhalam, 2019, Molecular dynamic simulation to study the effects of roughness elements with cone geometry on the boiling flow inside a microchannel, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 141, 1, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.06.064 Peng, 2019, Empowering the boiling condition of Argon flow inside a rectangular microchannel with suspending Silver nanoparticles by using of molecular dynamics simulation, J. Mol. Liq., 295, 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111721 Yan, 2020, Prediction of boiling flow characteristics in rough and smooth microchannels using molecular dynamics simulation: Investigation the effects of boundary wall temperatures, J. Mol. Liq., 306, 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112937 Rostami, 2020, Molecular dynamic simulation of Argon boiling flow inside smooth and rough microchannels by considering the effects of cubic barriers, J. Mol. Liq., 312, 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113130 Goldanlou, 2020, Investigation the effects of an external driving force and cone shape of roughness on the phase change behavior of Argon fluid within a microchannel by molecular dynamic simulation, J. Mol. Liq., 313 Che, 2020, Microscopic mechanism of alternating oscillations in a microchannel pulse tube based on molecular dynamics, J. Mol. Liq., 313, 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113486 Che, 2020, Simulation on alternating oscillation flow in microchannel pulse tube coupled with active piston using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics, Chem. Phys. Lett., 759, 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137965 Dehkordi, 2020, Molecular dynamics simulation of ferro-nanofluid flow in a microchannel in the presence of external electric field: Effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 116, 104653, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104653 Arjmandfard, 2020, The study of atomic porosity effect on water/Fe nanofluid flow in a microchannel with a molecular dynamics method, J. Mol. Liq., 317, 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114291 Mosavi, 2021, Boiling of Argon flow in a microchannel by considering the spherical geometry for roughness barriers using molecular dynamics simulation, J. Mol. Liq., 321, 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114462 Dehkordi, 2021, Molecular dynamics simulation concerning nanofluid boiling phenomenon affected by the external electric field: Effects of number of nanoparticles through Pt, Fe, and Au microchannels, J. Mol. Liq., 324, 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114775 Guo, 2019, Flow characteristics of supersonic gas passing through a circular micro-channel under different inflow conditions, Chinese Physics B, 28, 064702, 10.1088/1674-1056/28/6/064702 Rath, 2018, A perturbation-based solution of Burnett equations for gaseous flow in a long microchannel, J. Fluid Mech, 844, 1038, 10.1017/jfm.2018.233 Shah, 2018, Comparison of Various Pressure Based Boundary Conditions for Three-Dimensional Subsonic DSMC Simulation, J. Fluids Eng, 140, 3, 10.1115/1.4037679 Taassob, 2018, Investigation of rarefied gas flow through bended microchannels, Vacuum, 151, 197, 10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.02.021 Shariati, 2019, Direct Simulation Monte Carlo investigation of fluid characteristics and gas transport in porous microchannels, Sci. Rep., 9, 10.1038/s41598-019-52707-3 Ebrahimi, 2021, Pressure-Driven Nitrogen Flow in Divergent Microchannels with Isothermal Walls, Appl. Sci, 11, 18, 10.3390/app11083602 Mozaffari, 2017, On the Thermally-Driven Gas Flow through Divergent Micro/Nanochannels, Int J Mod Phys C, 28, 12, 10.1142/S0129183117501431 Gavasane, 2017, Simulation of a temperature drop for the flow of rarefied gases in microchannels, Numer. Heat. Tr., 71, 1066, 10.1080/10407782.2017.1330091 Teschner, 2016, Progress in particle-based multiscale and hybrid methods for flow applications, Microfluid. Nanofluid., 20, 68, 10.1007/s10404-016-1729-y Javadpour, 2020, Optimization of geometry and nano-fluid properties on microchannel performance using Taguchi method and genetic algorithm, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 119, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104952 Moradkhani, 2020, A general correlation for the frictional pressure drop during condensation in mini/micro and macro channels, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 163, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120475 Hosseini, 2020, A general heat transfer correlation for flow condensation in single port mini and macro channels using genetic programming, Int. J. Refrig., 119, 376, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.06.021 Jafari, 2017, Modeling and analysis of surface roughness of microchannels produced by μ-WEDM using an ANN and Taguchi method, J Mech Sci Technol., 31, 5447, 10.1007/s12206-017-1039-7 Shi, 2017, Optimization of inlet part of a microchannel ceramic heat exchanger using surrogate model coupled with genetic algorithm, Energ. Convers Manage., 149, 988, 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.035 Al-Neama, 2018, An experimental and numerical investigation of chevron fin structures in serpentine minichannel heat sinks, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 120, 1213, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.092 McCann, 2018, Taguchi method modelling of Nd:YAG laser ablation of microchannels on cyclic olefin polymer film, Opt. Laser. Technol., 106, 265, 10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.04.011 Lin, 2018, Optimization of the Micro Channel Heat Sink by Combing Genetic Algorithm with the Finite Element Method, Inventions., 3, 32, 10.3390/inventions3020032 Wu, 2019, A Bi-Layer compact thermal model for uniform chip temperature control with non-uniform heat sources by genetic-algorithm optimized microchannel cooling, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 136, 337, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.10.047 Yoshimura, 2019, Optimization of passive grooved micromixers based on genetic algorithm and graph theory, Microfluid Nanofluid., 23, 10.1007/s10404-019-2201-6 Lin, 2019, Experimental study and Taguchi analysis on LED cooling by thermoelectric cooler integrated with microchannel heat sink, Appl. Energ., 242, 232, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.071 Zhang, 2019, Numerical analysis and parametric optimization on flow and heat transfer of a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 141, 211, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.03.036 Alperen, 2020, Multi objective optimization of a micro-channel heat sink through genetic algorithm, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 146, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118847 Wang, 2020, Optimization of a double-layered microchannel heat sink with semi-porous-ribs by multi-objective genetic algorithm, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 149, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119217 Glazar, 2020, Optimization of air-water microchannel heat exchanger using response surface methodology, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer., 157, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119887 Bazkhane, 2020, Taguchi–based sensitivity analysis of hydrodynamics and heat transfer of nanofluids in a microchannel heat sink (MCHS) having porous substrates, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 118, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104885 Park, 2021, Numerical study and Taguchi optimization of fluid mixing by a microheater-modulated alternating current electrothermal flow in a Y-shape microchannel, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 329, 10.1016/j.snb.2020.129242 Tafarroj, 2017, Artificial neural network modeling of nanofluid flow in a microchannel heat sink using experimental data, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 86, 25, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.05.020 López-Belchí, 2018, GMDH ANN to optimise model development: Prediction of the pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient during condensation within mini-channels, Appl. Therm. Eng., 144, 321, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.07.140 Khosravi, 2019, Predicting entropy generation of a hybrid nanofluid containing graphene-platinum nanoparticles through a microchannel liquid block using neural networks, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., 109, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2019.104351 Naphon, 2019, ANN, numerical and experimental analysis on the jet impingement nanofluids flow and heat transfer characteristics in the micro-channel heat sink, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 131, 329, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.073 Qiu, 2020, An artificial neural network model to predict mini/micro-channels saturated flow boiling heat transfer based on universal consolidated data, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 149, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119211 Liang, 2021, A data driven deep neural network model for predicting boiling heat transfer in helical coils under high gravity, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer., 166, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120743 Zhou, 2020, Machine learning algorithms to predict flow condensation heat transfer coefficient in mini/micro-channel utilizing universal data, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 162, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120351 Heshmatian, 2017, Numerical investigation of entropy generation to predict irreversibilities in nanofluid flow within a microchannel: Effects of Brownian diffusion, shear rate and viscosity gradient, Chem. Eng. Sci., 172, 52, 10.1016/j.ces.2017.06.024 Xiang, 2017, Cooling performance optimization of liquid alloys GaIny in microchannel heat sinks based on back-propagation artificial neural network, Appl. Therm. Eng., 127, 1143, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.127 Giannetti, 2020, Prediction of two-phase flow distribution in microchannel heat exchangers using artificial neural network, Int. J. Refrig., 111, 53, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.11.028 Shen, 2020, Transient flow behavior in serpentine curved microchannel of inertial microfluidic devices, J. Micromech. Microeng., 30, 10.1088/1361-6439/ab5c64 Deb, 1999, An introduction to genetic algorithms, Sadhana, 10.1007/BF02823145 Roohi, 2009, Direct simulation Monte Carlo solution of subsonic flow through micro/nanoscale channels, J. Heat Transfer., 131, 1, 10.1115/1.3139105 Peng, 2020, Effects of surface roughness with the spherical shape on the fluid flow of argon atoms flowing into the microchannel, J. Mol. Liq., 297, 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111650 Rumyantsev, 2017, The influence of interatomic collisions on the angular distribution of Cs atomic flow from microchannel, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 929, 012095, 10.1088/1742-6596/929/1/012095 Roohi, 2008, DSMC Solution of Supersonic Scale to Choked Subsonic Flow in Micro to Nano Channels, Am. Soc. Mechan. Eng., 62282, 23 Mehrizi, 2021, Numerical investigation of conjugate heat transfer in a microchannel with a hydrophobic surface utilizing nanofluids under a magnetic field, Phys. Fluids., 35 Liou, 2019, Investigation of nanofluids on heat transfer enhancement in a louvered microchannel with lattice Boltzmann method, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 135, 751, 10.1007/s10973-018-7299-3 Yuan, 2018, Inertial migration of single particle in a square microchannel over wide ranges of Re and particle sizes, Microfluid Nanofluidics., 22, 102, 10.1007/s10404-018-2120-y Lalami, 2019, Investigation of MHD effect on nanofluid heat transfer in microchannels, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 136, 1959, 10.1007/s10973-018-7851-1 Shah, 2018, 3D study of temperature drop behavior of subsonic rarefied gas flow in microchannel, Numer. Heat. Tr., 73, 1