First report of laticifers in lianas of Malpighiaceae and their phylogenetic implications

American Journal of Botany - Tập 106 Số 9 - Trang 1156-1172 - 2019
Marcelo R. Pace1,2, Israel L. Cunha Neto3, Leyde N. N. Santos‐Silva3, Gladys Flávia de Albuquerque Melo-de-Pinna3, Pedro Acevedo‐Rodríguez2, Rafael Felipe de Almeida4, André M. Amorim5,6, Verônica Angyalossy3
1Departamento de Botánica Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Zona Deportiva s.n. Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510 Mexico
2Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Constitution Avenue & 10th street NW, MRC-166, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA
3Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo Rua do Matão 277, Cidade Universitária 05508‐090 São Paulo SP Brazil
4Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627 31270‐901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
5Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz km 25, Ilhéus‐Itabuna Ilhéus Bahia 45662‐900 Brazil
6Herbário Centro de Pesquisa do Cacau CEPEC km 22, Rodovia Ilhéus‐Itabuna Itabuna Bahia 45600‐970 Brazil

Tóm tắt

PremiseLaticifers have evolved multiple times in angiosperms and have been interpreted as a key innovation involved in plant defense mechanisms. In Malpighiaceae, laticifers were previously known from a single lineage of trees and shrubs, the Galphimia clade, but with detailed anatomical analyses here, we show that their distribution is broader in the family, also encompassing large clades of lianas.MethodsFrom 15 genera, 70 species of Malpighiaceae were surveyed through careful anatomical ontogenetic analysis of roots, stems, and leaves and detailed histochemical tests to elucidate the nature of laticifers and latex in the family.ResultsArticulated anastomosing laticifers were encountered in roots, stems, and leaves of two distantly related megadiverse genera of Malpighiaceae lianas: Stigmaphyllon (stigmaphylloid clade) and Tetrapterys s.s. (tetrapteroid clade). From the apex downward, in Stigmaphyllon the laticifers are derived from the procambium and from the cambium during its early activity and are present in the outermost part of the vascular cylinder of stems and leaves and in the pericycle of roots, whereas in Tetrapterys s.s. they are derived from the ground meristem, procambium, and cambium throughout the plant body and are present in the cortex and pith, either the pericycle in roots or the outermost part of the vascular system in stems and leaves, and the primary and secondary phloem.ConclusionsLaticifers seem to have evolved at least three times independently in Malpighiaceae, once in a lineage of trees and shrubs and twice in two distantly related megadiverse lianescent lineages. Laticifer evolution in Malpighiaceae is homoplastic and may be related to increases in species diversification.

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American Journal of Botany

Tập 106 Số 9

1156-1172

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