Field‐scale examination of neonicotinoid insecticide persistence in soil as a result of seed treatment use in commercial maize (corn) fields in southwestern Ontario

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry - Tập 35 Số 2 - Trang 295-302 - 2016
A. W. Schaafsma1, Victor Limay‐Rios1, Yingen Xue1, Jocelyn L Smith1, Tracey Baute2
1Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada
2Food and Rural Affairs, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada

Tóm tắt

AbstractNeonicotinoid insecticides, especially as seed treatments, have raised concerns about environmental loading and impacts on pollinators, biodiversity, and ecosystems. The authors measured concentrations of neonicotinoid residues in the top 5 cm of soil before planting of maize (corn) in 18 commercial fields with a history of neonicotinoid seed treatment use in southwestern Ontario in 2013 and 2014 using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. A simple calculator based on first‐order kinetics, incorporating crop rotation, planting date, and seed treatment history from the subject fields, was used to estimate dissipation rate from the seed zone. The estimated half‐life (the time taken for 50% of the insecticide to have dissipated by all mechanisms) based on 8 yr of crop history was 0.64 (range, 0.25–1.59) yr and 0.57 (range, 0.24–2.12) yr for 2013 and 2014, respectively. In fields where neonicotinoid residues were measured in both years, the estimated mean half‐life between 2013 and 2014 was 0.4 (range, 0.27–0.6) yr. If clothianidin and thiamethoxam were used annually as a seed treatment in a typical crop rotation of maize, soybean, and winter wheat over several years, residues would plateau rather than continue to accumulate. Residues of neonicotinoid insecticides after 3 yr to 4 yr of repeated annual use tend to plateau to a mean concentration of less than 6 ng/g in agricultural soils in southwestern Ontario. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:295–302. © 2015 SETAC

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Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Tập 35 Số 2

295-302

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