Fetal Doppler: Umbilical Artery, Middle Cerebral Artery, and Venous System

Seminars in Perinatology - Tập 32 Số 4 - Trang 253-257 - 2008
Giancarlo Mari1, Farhan Hanif2
1Tennessee Maternal Fetal Medicine Institute, Memphis, TN.
2Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Stuart, 1980, Fetal blood velocity waveforms in normal pregnancies, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 87, 780, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04613.x

Trudinger, 1985, Fetal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and placental resistance: clinical significance, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, 23, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01044.x

Giles, 1985, Fetal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms and placental resistance: pathological correlation, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, 31, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01045.x

Westergaard, 2001, A critical appraisal of the use of umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound in high-risk pregnancies: use of meta-analyses in evidence-based obstetric, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 17, 466, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.00415.x

Mari, 1989, Doppler assessment of the pulsatility index in the cerebral circulation of the human fetus, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 160, 698, 10.1016/S0002-9378(89)80063-8

Mari, 1995, Diagnosis of fetal anemia with Doppler ultrasound in the pregnancy complicated by maternal blood group immunization, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 5, 400, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1995.05060400.x

Wladimiroff, 1986, Doppler ultrasound assessment of the cerebral blood flow in the human fetus, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 93, 471, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1986.tb08656.x

Reed, 1997, Umbilical venous velocity pulsations are related to atrial contraction pressure waveforms in fetal lambs, Obstet Gynecol, 89, 953, 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00154-3

Rizzo, 1988, Doppler echocardiographic assessment of atrioventricular velocity waveforms in normal and small-for-gestational-age fetuses, Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 95, 65, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06481.x

Hecher, 1994, Reference ranges for fetal venous and atrioventricular blood flow parameters, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 4, 381, 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1994.04050381.x

Mari, 2006, Sequence of cardiovascular changes occurring in severe IUGR fetuses—part II, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 28, 10.1002/uog.2969

Kiserud, 1991, Ultrasonographic velocimetry of the fetal ductus venosus, Lancet, 338, 1412, 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92720-M

Mari, 2005, Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity—technique and Variability, J Ultrasound Med, 24, 425, 10.7863/jum.2005.24.4.425

Mari, 2000, Non-invasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia due to maternal red-cell alloimmunization, N Engl J Med, 342, 9, 10.1056/NEJM200001063420102

Zimmerman, 2002, Longitudinal measurement of peak systolic velocity in the fetal middle cerebral artery for monitoring pregnancies complicated by red cell alloimmunisation: A prospective multicentre trial with intention-to-treat, BJOG, 109, 746, 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.01314.x

Cosmi, 2002, Noninvasive diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography of fetal anemia resulting from parvovirus infection, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 187, 1290, 10.1067/mob.2002.128024

Detti, 2002, Longitudinal assessment of the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in healthy fetuses and in fetuses at risk for anemia, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 187, 937, 10.1067/mob.2002.127310

Mari, 1997, Delta OD 450 and Doppler velocimetry of the middle cerebral artery peak velocity in the evaluation for fetal alloimmune hemolytic disease, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 176, S18, 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)80109-3

Pereira, 2003, Conventional management of maternal red cell alloimmunization compared with management by Doppler assessment of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 189, 1002, 10.1067/S0002-9378(03)00771-3

Oepkes, 2006, Doppler ultrasonography versus amniocentesis to predict fetal anemia, N Engl J Med, 13, 355

2006, Management of alloimmunization during pregnancy, Obstet Gynecol, 75, 457

Mari, 2001, Perinatal morbidity and mortality rates in severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome: results of the International Amnioreduction Registry, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 185, 708, 10.1067/mob.2001.117188

Kontopoulos, 2007, Percent absent end-diastolic velocity in the umbilical artery waveform as a predictor of intrauterine fetal demise of the donor twin after selective laser photocoagulation of communication vessels in twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 30, 35, 10.1002/uog.4055

Senat, 2003, The value of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in the diagnosis of fetal anemia after intrauterine death of one monochorionic twin, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 189, 1320, 10.1067/S0002-9378(03)00644-6

Mari, 2007, Intrauterine growth restriction: how to manage and when to deliver, Clin Obstet Gynecol, 50, 497, 10.1097/GRF.0b013e31804c96a9

Cosmi, 2005, Doppler, cardiotocography, and biopgysical profile changes in growth restricted fetuses, Obstet Gynecol, 106, 1240, 10.1097/01.AOG.0000187540.37795.3a

Hecher, 2001, Monitoring of fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction: a longitudinal study, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 18, 564, 10.1046/j.0960-7692.2001.00590.x

Gembruch, 2001, The sequence of changes in Doppler and biophysical parameters as severe fetal growth restriction worsens, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 18, 571, 10.1046/j.0960-7692.2001.00591.x

Ferrazzi, 2002, Temporal sequence of abnormal Doppler changes in the peripheral and central circulatory systems of the severely growth-restricted fetus, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 19, 140, 10.1046/j.0960-7692.2002.00627.x

Mari, 2007, Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity: A new Doppler parameter in the assessment of IUGR fetuses, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 29, 310, 10.1002/uog.3953

Hanif, 2008, Variables affecting the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity in anemic and IUGR fetuses, Am J Perinatol, 28, 377

Mari, 2007, Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity: A new Doppler parameter in the assessment of IUGR fetuses, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 29, 310, 10.1002/uog.3953

Mari, 2007, Gestational age at delivery and Doppler waveforms in very preterm IUGR fetuses as predictors of perinatal mortality, J Ultrasound Med, 26, 555, 10.7863/jum.2007.26.5.555

Mari, 2008, Cardiovascular changes sequence in severe IUGR in pregnancies with and without preeclampsia, Prenat Diagn, 28, 377, 10.1002/pd.1990