Fertility and economic activity of women in Guatemala city, 1964
Tóm tắt
Data from a five percent census sample reveal that in Guatemala City in 1964 economically active women, especially domestic servants, had lower cumulative fertility than inactive women, partly because larger proportions of them had never married and were childless. However, even among ever married mothers there was a substantial differential, which was not due to differences in age at first birth. With respect to all women, cross tabulation and regression analysis show that age, marital status and educational attainment were more strongly associated with fertility than was activity status, but the latter also had a significant net association. Selection for sterility was not likely. Being contrary to expectations expressed in the literature, the very low fertility of the domestics received further attention. Live-in domestics had considerably lower fertility than those who lived out, which was also the case in the United States in 1960. These data and other evidence strongly suggest that this differential is due to a widespread employer preference for single or childless women. The concept of role incompatibility is therefore inapplicable to domestic servants. These findings add to the considerable evidence showing lower fertility among economically active women in large urban places in Latin America.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Carleton, 1965, Labor force participation: a stimulus to fertility in Puerto Rico?, Demography, 2, 233, 10.2307/2060115
Collver, 1962, The female labor force in metropolitan areas: an international comparison, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 10, 367, 10.1086/449972
Cohen, 1968, Multiple regression as a general data-analytic system, Psychological Bulletin, 70, 426, 10.1037/h0026714
Gendell, 1967, The influence of family-building activity on women’s rate of economic activity
1966, Censo de Poblacion 1964. Resultados de Tabulacion por Muestreo
1966, Poblacion de la Ciudad de Guatemala. Censos 1964. Resultado de Tabulacion por Muestreo
Holmberg, 1963, Arbete och löner i Sverige
1964, Estudio Sobre Condiciones de Vida de 800 Familias de la Zona 5 de la Ciudad de Guatemala
Jaffe, 1959, People, Jobs and Economic Development
Janjic, 1967, Women’s employment and conditions of work in Switzerland, International Labour Review, 96, 292
Miró, 1968, Influences affecting fertility in urban and rural Latin America, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 46, 89, 10.2307/3349317
Smuts, 1959, Women and Work in America
Stycos, 1965, Female employment and fertility in Lima, Peru, Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 43, 42, 10.2307/3348956
Suits, 1957, Use of dummy variables in regression equations, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 52, 548, 10.1080/01621459.1957.10501412