Ferric reduction in organic matter oxidation and its applicability for anaerobic wastewater treatment: a review and future aspects

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 16 - Trang 273-287 - 2017
Musfique Ahmed1, Lian-Shin Lin1
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA

Tóm tắt

Anaerobic treatment processes have the advantages of cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, low sludge yield and potential of resource recovery over conventional aerobic treatment methods and have been gaining increasing attention as an approach for future wastewater management. An important feature of anaerobic processes is the use of alternative electron acceptors to oxygen, which renders treatment flexibility in using redox active elements such as iron and sulfate from other waste materials. Co-treatment of acid mine drainage and municipal wastewater, as an example, has been shown to be an effective method for removing organic materials, metals, and phosphate from the both wastes. It also suggested the applicability of ferric reduction process in wastewater treatment. Most of the previous studies on ferric reduction process and iron reducers were conducted in natural systems such as sediments, soils and groundwater. This paper reviews the significance and fundamentals of the ferric reduction process, its utility for organics oxidation, controlling factors, reaction kinetics, microbial processes of iron reduction and its ecology. The paper also evaluates the suitability and discusses future aspects of using iron reduction for wastewater treatment. Knowledge gaps are identified in this paper for developing such innovative wastewater technology and process optimization.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Achtnich C, Bak F, Conrad R (1995) Competition for electron donors among nitrate reducers, ferric iron reducers, sulfate reducers, and methanogens in anoxic paddy soil. Biol Fertil Soils 19:65–72 Arnold RG, DiChristina TJ, Hoffmann MR (1986) Inhibitor studies of dissimilative Fe(III) reduction by Pseudomonas sp. strain 200 (“Pseudomonas ferrireductans”). Appl Environ Microbiol 52:281–289 Arnold R, DiChristina T, Hoffmann M (1988) Reductive dissolution of iron(III) oxides by Pseudomonas sp. Biotechnol Bioeng 32:1081–1096 Azam HM, Finneran KT (2013) Ferric iron amendment increases Fe(III)-reducing microbial diversity and carbon oxidation in on-site wastewater systems. Chemosphere 90:1435–1443 Banwart SA, Davies S, Stumm W (1989) The role of oxalate in accelerating the reductive dissolution of hematite (α-Fe2O3) by ascorbate. Colloids Surf 39:303–309 Beliaev A, Saffarini D (1998) Shewanella putrefaciens mtrB encodes an outer membrane protein required for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction. J Bacteriol 180:6292–6297 Beliaev A, Saffarini D, McLaughlin J, Hunnicutt D (2001) MtrC, an outer membrane decahaem c cytochrome required for metal reduction in Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1. Mol Microbiol 39:722–730 Berner RA (1973) Phosphate removal from sea water by adsorption on volcanogenic ferric oxides. Earth Planet Sci Lett 18:77–86 Bonneville S, Cappellen PV, Behrends T (2004) Microbial reduction of iron(III) oxyhydroxides: effects of mineral solubility and availability. Chem Geol 212:255–268 Bowman JP, Mccammon SA, Nichols DS, Skerratt JH, Rea SM, Nichols PD, Mcmeekin TA (1997) Shewanella gelidimarina sp. nov. and Shewanella frigidimarina sp. nov., novel Antarctic species with the ability to produce eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega 3) and grow anaerobically by dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:1040–1047 Castro AFD, Ehrlich HL (1970) Reduction of iron oxide minerals by a marine Bacillus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 36:317–327 Chan YJ, Chong MF, Law CL, Hassell D (2009) A review on anaerobic–aerobic treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater. Chem Eng J 155:1–18 Chang N, Xuan Z, Daranpob A, Wanielista M (2011) A subsurface upflow wetland system for removal of nutrients and pathogens in on-site sewage treatment and disposal systems. Environ Eng Sci 28:11–24 Chen J, Gu BA, Royer R, Burgos WD (2003) The roles of natural organic matter in chemical and microbial reduction of ferric iron. Sci Total Environ 307:167–178 Clement J-C, Shrestha J, Ehrenfeld JG, Jaffe PR (2005) Ammonium oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron under anaerobic conditions in wetland soils. Soil Biol Biochem 37:2323–2328 Dar SA et al (2007) Analysis of diversity and activity of sulfate-reducing bacterial communities in sulfidogenic bioreactors using 16S rRNA and dsrB genes as molecular markers. Appl Environ Microbiol 73:594–604 Deng D, Lin L-S (2013) Two-stage combined treatment of acid mine drainage and municipal wastewater. Water Sci Technol 67(5):1000–1007 Deng D, Weidhaas JL, Lin L-S (2016) Kinetics and microbial ecology of batch sulfidogenic bioreactors for co-treatment of municipal wastewater and acid mine drainage. J Hazard Mater 305:200–208 Esther J, Sukla LB, Pradhan N, Panda S (2015) Fe(III) reduction strategies of dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria. Korean J Chem Eng 32:1–14 Finneran KT, Lovley DR (2001) Anaerobic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). Environ Sci Technol 35:1785–1790 Franks AE, Malvankar N, Nevin KP (2010) Bacterial biofilms: the powerhouse of a microbial fuel cell. Biofuels 1:589–604 Fredrickson JK, Gorby YA (1996) Environmental processes mediated by iron-reducing bacteria. Curr Opin Biotechnol 7:287–294 Guerin WF, Blakemore RP (1992) Redox cycling of iron supports growth and magnetite synthesis by Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:1102–1109 Hughes TA, Gray NF (2013) Co-treatment of acid mine drainage with municipal wastewater: performance evaluation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:7863–7877 Hyun MS, Kim BH, Chang IS, Park HS, Kim HJ, Kim GT, Kim MA, Park DH (1999) Isolation and identification of metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens IR-1. Korean J Microbiol 37:206–212 Ivanov V, Stabnikov V, Zhuang WQ, Tay JH, Tay STL (2005) Phosphate removal from the returned liquor of municipal wastewater treatment plant using iron-reducing bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 98:1152–1161 Jensen MM, Thamdrup B, Rysgaard S, Holmer M, Fossing H (2003) Rates and regulation of microbial iron reduction in sediments of the Baltic-North Sea transition. Biogeochemistry 65:295–317 Jones JG, Gardener S, Simon BM (1983) Bacterial reduction of ferrric iron in a stratified eutrophic lake. J Gen Microbiol 129:131–139 Kamura T, Takai Y, Ishikawa K (1963) Microbial reduction mechanism of ferric iron in paddy soils (Part I). Soil Sci Plant Nutr 9:5–9 Kuhn EP, Colberg PJ, Schnoor JL, Wanner O, Zehnder AJB, Schwarzenbach RP (1985) Microbial transformations of selected alkylbenzenes and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in methanogenic aquifer material: a microcosm study. Environ Sci Technol 19:961–968 Liu C, Kota S, Zachara JM, Fredrickson JK, Brinkman CK (2001) Kinetic analysis of the bacterial reduction of goethite. Environ Sci Technol 35:2482–2490 Lonergan DJ, Jenter HL, Coates JD, Phillips EJP, Schimidt TM, Lovley DR (1996) Phylogenetic analysis of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria. J Bacteriol 178:2402–2408 Lovley DR, Phillips EJP (1986) Organic matter mineralization with reduction of ferric iron in anaerobic sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 51:683–689 Lovley DR, Stolz JF, Nord GL, Phillips EJP (1987) Anaerobic production of magnetite by a dissimilatory iron-reducing microorganism. Nature 330:252–254 Lovley DR (1987) Organic matter mineralization with the reduction of ferric iron: a review. Geomicrobiol J 5:375–399 Lovley DR (1993) Dissimilatory metal reduction. Annu Rev Microbiol 47:263–290 Lovley DR (1995) Bioremediation of organic and metal contaminants with dissimilatory metal reduction. J Ind Microbiol 14:85–93 Lovley DR, Lonergan DJ (1990) Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and p-cresol by the disssimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:1858–1864 Lovley DR, Phillips EJ (1987) Competitive mechanisms for inhibition of sulfate reduction and methane production in the zone of ferric iron reduction in sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:2636–2641 Lovley DR, Phillips EJ (1988) Novel mode of microbial energy metabolism: organic carbon oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:1472–1480 Lovley DR, Phillips EJP (1989) Requirement for a microbial consortium to completely oxidize glucose in Fe(III)-reducing sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:3234–3236 Lovley DR, Baedecker MJ, Lonergan DJ, Cozzarelli IM, Phillips EJP, Siegel DI (1989) Oxidation of aromatic contaminants coupled to microbial iron reduction. Nature 339:297–299 Lovley DR, Giovannoni SJ, White DC, Champine JE, Phillips EJ, Gorby YA, Goodwin S (1993) Geobacter metallireducens gen. nov. sp. nov., a microorganism capable of coupling the complete oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of iron and other metals. Arch Microbiol 159:336–344 Lowe K, Siegrist R (2008) Controlled field experiment for performance evaluation of septic tank effluent treatment during soil infiltration. J Environ Eng 134:93–101 Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Bender KS, Buckley DH, Stahl DA (2015) Brock biology of microorganism, 14th edn. Pearson Education, IL Major DW, Mayfield CI, Barker JF (1987) Biotrans-formation of benzene by denitrification in aquifer sand. Ground Water 26:8–14 Manariotis ID, Grigoropoulos SG (2002) Low-strength wastewater treatment using an anaerobic baffled reactor. Water Environ Res 74:170–176 McKinley J, Siegrist R (2010) Accumulation of organic matter components in soil under conditions imposed by wastewater infiltration. Soil Sci Soc Am J 74:1690–1700 Metcalf & Eddy Inc., Tchobanoglous G, Stensel HD, Tsuchihashi R, Burton F (2013) Wastewater engineering: treatment and resource recovery. McGraw-Hill, New York Munch JC, Ottow JCG (1983) Reductive transformation mechanism of ferric oxides in hydromorphic soils. Environ Biogeochem 35:383–394 Myers CR, Myers JM (1997) Cloning and sequence of cymA, a gene encoding a tetraheme cytochrome c required for reduction of iron(III), fumarate, and nitrate by Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1. J Bacteriol 179:1143–1152 Myers JM, Myers CR (2001) Role for outer membrane cytochromes OmcA and OmcB of Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 in reduction of manganese dioxide. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:260–269 Nealson KH, Myers CR (1990) Iron reduction by bacteria: a potential role in the genesis of banded iron formations. Am J Sci 290-A:35–45 Park W, Nam YK, Lee MJ, Kim TH (2009) Anaerobic ammonia-oxidation coupled with Fe3+ reduction by an anaerobic culture from a piggery wastewater acclimated to NH4+/Fe3+ medium. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 14:680–685 Pierre J, Fontecave M, Crichton R (2002) Chemistry for an essential biological process: the reduction of ferric iron. Biometals 15:341–346 Pitts KE, Dobbin PS, Reyes-Ramirez F, Thomson AJ, Richardson DJ, Seward HE (2003) Characterization of the Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 decaheme cytochrome MtrA: expression in Escherichia coli confers the ability to reduce soluble Fe(III) chelates. J Biol Chem 278:27758–27765 Postma D (1993) The reactivity of iron oxides in sediments: a kinetic approach. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 57:5027–5034 Reinhard M, Goodman NL, Barker JF (1984) Occurrence and distribution of organic chemicals in two landfill leachate plumes. Environ Sci Technol 18:953–961 Roden EE, Wetzel RG (2002) Kinetics of microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction in freshwater wetland sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 47:198–211 Roetman E (1932) The sterilization of sewage by acid mine water. Dissertation, West Virginia University Saravanane R, Murthy D (2000) Application of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors in wastewater treatment: a review. Environ Manag Health 11:97–117 Sawayama S (2006) Possibility of anoxic ferric ammonium oxidation. J Biosci Bioeng 101:70–72 Stefanie JWH, Elferink O, Visser A, Pol LWH, Stams AJM (1994) Sulfate reduction in methanogenic bioreactors. FEMS Microbiol Rev 15:119–136 Straub KL, Benz M, Schink B (2001) Iron metabolism in anoxic environments at near neutral pH. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 34:181–186 Strosnider W, Winfrey B, Nairn R (2011) Biochemical oxygen demand and nutrient processing in a novel multi-stage raw municipal wastewater and acid mine drainage passive co-treatment system. Water Res 45:1079–1086 Thamdrup B (2000) Bacterial manganese and iron reduction in aquatic sediments. Adv Microb Ecol 16:41–84 Thomsen U, Thamdrup B, Stahl DA, Canfield DE (2004) Pathways of organic carbon oxidation in a deep lacustrine sediment, Lake Michigan. Limnol Oceanogr 49:2046–2057 Thormann KM, Saville RM, Shukla S, Pelletier DA, Spormann AM (2004) Initial phases of biofilm formation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. J Bacteriol 186:8096–8104 Urrutia M, Roden E, Fredrickson J, Zachara J (1998) Microbial and surface chemistry controls on reduction of synthetic Fe(III) oxide minerals by the dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium Shewanella alga. Geomicrobiol J 15:269–291 Utgikar VP, Harmon SM, Chaudhary N, Tabak HH, Govind R, Haines JR (2002) Inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria by metal sulfide formation in bioremediation of acid mine drainage. Environ Toxicol 17:40–48 Van der Maas P (2005) Fe(III) EDTA-reduction in BioDeNOx reactors: kinetics and mechanism. In: Chemically enhanced biological NOx removal from flue gases. Wageningen, pp 109–124 Van Lier JB (2008) High-rate anaerobic wastewater treatment: diversifying from end-of-the-pipe treatment to resource-oriented conversion techniques. Water Sci Technol 57(8):1137–1148 Van Lier JB, van der Zee FP, Frijters CTMJ, Ersahin ME (2015) Celebrating 40 years anaerobic sludge bed reactors for industrial wastewater treatment. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 14:681–702 Weber KA, Achenbach LA, Coates JD (2006) Microorganisms pumping iron:anaerobic microbial iron oxidation and reduction. Nature 4:752–764 Wei X, Viadero RC III, Buzby KM (2005) Recovery of iron and aluminum from acid mine drainage by selective precipitation. Environ Eng Sci 22(6):745–755 Widdel F (1988) Microbiology and ecology of sulfate and sulfur-reducing bacteria. In: Zehnder A (ed) Biology of anaerobic microorganisms. Wiley, New York, pp 469–586 Wilson BH, Smith GB, Rees JF (1986) Biotiotransformations of selected alkylbenzenes and halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in methanogenic aquifer material: a microcosm study. Environ Sci Technol 20:997–1002 Yang WH, Weber KA, Silver WL (2012) Nitrogen loss from soil through anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron reduction. Nat Geosci 5:538–541 Zachara J, Fredrickson J, Smith S, Gassman P (2001) Solubilization of Fe(III) oxide-bound trace metals by a dissimilatory Fe(III) reducing bacterium. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65:75–93 Zhang L, Keller J, Yuan Z (2009) Inhibition of sulfate-reducing and methanogenic activities of anaerobic sewer biofilms by ferric iron dosing. Water Res 43:4123–4132 Zhao R, Zhang H, Li Y, Jiang T, Yang F (2014) Research of iron reduction and the iron reductase localization of anammox bacteria. Curr Microbiol 69:880–887 Zinder B, Furrer G, Stumm W (1986) The coordination chemistry of weathering: II. Dissolution of Fe(III) oxides. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50:1861–1869