Sự Hiện Diện Của Phụ Nữ Trong Các Bối Cảnh Hàng Hải – Thương Mại Và Chiến Tranh

Journal of Maritime Archaeology - Tập 18 - Trang 129-163 - 2023
Katarina Streiffert Eikeland1
1Department of historical studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Tóm tắt

Theo truyền thống, các mạng lưới hàng hải kiểm soát thương mại đường dài về kim loại và các hàng hóa khác trong thời kỳ Đồ Đồng châu Âu đã được hiểu như là biểu hiện của quyền lực và sự thống trị của tầng lớp nam giới tinh hoa. Mô hình chính thống này tạo thành một quan điểm thiên lệch và loại trừ trong thực hành xã hội, và làm cho những nỗ lực thảo luận một cách phê phán các mô hình thay thế dựa trên quyền lực giới như trở nên thừa thãi trong thương mại và giao tiếp đường dài. Nghiên cứu này nhằm định giá lại khái niệm quyền lực giới đơn chiều, tập trung vào quyền lực phụ hệ trong thương mại hàng hải và chiến tranh, và cuối cùng đề xuất một mô hình dị dạng, nhấn mạnh sự đồng tồn tại của các quan hệ quyền lực đa dạng, bao gồm cả phụ nữ như những tác nhân xã hội tích cực và người khởi xướng sự thay đổi. Khu vực địa lý được đề cập chủ yếu là Scandinavia nhưng cũng bao gồm khu vực Địa Trung Hải. Phân tích chủ yếu tập trung vào các ngôi mộ của loại hình gọi là ship setting. Cả nam và nữ đều xuất hiện trong các vật liệu của họ, thể hiện quyền lực và sự kiểm soát trong lĩnh vực hàng hải. Đến nay, sự hiện diện của nữ giới vẫn chưa được thảo luận về quyền lực và sự kiểm soát, mà chỉ về mặt đại diện. Việc phát hiện những ngôi mộ của phụ nữ trong các ngôi mộ vĩ đại này trong bối cảnh hàng hải hỗ trợ cho đề xuất mang tính đột phá rằng, trong thời kỳ Đồ Đồng, phụ nữ cũng là những người tham gia vào các hoạt động hàng hải.

Từ khóa

#phụ nữ #quyền lực #thương mại hàng hải #chiến tranh #Đồ Đồng #Scandinavia #Địa Trung Hải

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