Feeding interactions and diet of carnivorous fishes in the Shelikhov Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk
Tóm tắt
The food spectra, trophic statuses, and feeding interrelations of three most abundant benthic carnivorous fish species inhabiting the Shelikhov Bay—the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, the great sculpin Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus, and the Okhotsk sculpin M. ochotensis—are considered based on materials collected during the complex survey of the RV Professor Kaganovsky of the TINRO-Center, in September 2004. It was found that these species were facultative predators with wide food spectra. The significance of prey objects in the diet of the Okhotsk sculpin was as follows: crustaceans, fish, and mollusks. Great sculpin and Pacific cod preyed mostly on fish, then on crustaceans, and mollusks. Pacific cod ate equal proportions of fish and decapods. All the species had age-related variability of diet. The potential competition of great sculpin and Okhotsk sculpin for food was mitigated by the difference in the depths of their ranges, as well as by morphological (body size) and behavioral peculiarities in the areas where their habitats overlapped, and in microecosystems. The most probable competition was among Pacific cod 30–60 cm long and Okhotsk sculpin 20–50 cm in length, as well as among cod and great sculpins of all sizes.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Borets, L.A., Annotirovannyi spisok ryb dal’nevostochnykh morei (The Annotated List of Fishes of Far Eastern Seas), Vladivostok: TINRO-Tsentr, 2000.
Borets, L.A., Patterns of Vertical Distribution of Benthic Fishes on the Western Kamchatka Shelf for Summer Period, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1989, vol. 29,issue 3, pp. 370–376.
Metodicheskoye posobiye po izucheniyu pitaniya i pischevykh otnosheniy ryb v yestestvennykh usloviyakh (Methodical Handbook for the Study of Feeding and Food Interrelations of Fishes in a Natural Environment), Moscow: Nauka, 1974.
Napazakov, V.V., Trophic Interrelations of Fishes in Benthic Ichthyocenes of the Western Bering Sea, Izv. TINRO, 2004, vol. 139, pp. 19–42.
Novikova, N.S., On Opportunity to Calculate Daily Rations of Fishes in Natural Conditions, Vestn. MGU, 1949, no. 9, pp. 107–111.
Tokranov, A.M., Dietary Habits of Carnivorous Fishes on the Western Kamchatka Shelf, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1992, vol. 32,issue 2, pp. 119–128.
Tokranov, A.M. and Vinnikov, A.V., Dietary Habits of the Pacific cod Gadus morhua macrocephalus and Its Place in the Trophic System of Kamchatkan Coastal Waters, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1991, vol. 31,issue 2, pp. 253–266.
Poltev, Yu.I. and Nemchinova, I.A., On Foraging of the Cod Gadus morhua macrocephalus and Its Place in the Trophic Structure of Communities in Pacific Waters of the Northern Kurile Islands and South-Eastern End of Kamchatka in the Late Fall 1994, Promyslovo-biologicheskiye issledovaniya ryb v tikhookeanskikh vodakh Kurilskikh o-vov and pribreznykh raionakh Okhotskogo i Beringova morei v 1992–1998 gg. (The Commercial and Biological Investigations of Fish in Pacific Waters of the Kurile Islands and in Near-Shore Areas of the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea in 1992–1998), Moscow: VNIRO, 2000, pp. 142–153.
Fyodorov, V.V., Chereshnev, I.A., Nazarkin M.V., et al., Katalog morskikh i presnovodnykh ryb severnoi chasti Okhotskogo moria (The Catalogue of Marine and Freshwater Fishes in the Northern Sea of Okhotsk), Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 2003.
Chuchukalo, V.I., Pitaniye i pischevye otnosheniya nektona i nektobentosa v dal’nevostochnykh moryakh (Feeding and Food Interrelations of Nekton and Nektobentos in Far Eastern Seas), Vladivostok: TINROT-sentr, 2006.
Chuchukalo, V.I. and Napazakov, V.V., To the Method of Calculating Daily Food Ration and Digestion Rate for Predatory and Benthos-Eating Fish, Izv. TINRO, 1999, vol. 126, pp. 160–171.
Sheiko, B.A., Fyodorov, V.V., Chapter 1. Fishlike Organisms and Fishes, in Katalog pozvonochnykh Kamchatki i sopredel’nykh morskikh akvatorii (The Catalog of Vertebrates of Kamchatka and Adjacent Sea Areas), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii: Kamchatskii Pechatnyi Dvor, 2000, pp. 7–69.
Shorygin, A.A., Pitaniye i pischevye otnosheniya ryb Kaspiiskogo morya (Feeding Interrelations and Foraging of Fish in the Caspian Sea), Moscow: Pischepromizdat, 1952.
Platell, M.E. and Potter, I.C., Partitioning of Food Resources Amongst 18 Abundant Benthic Carnivorous Fish Species in Marine Waters on the Lower West Coast of Australia, J. Mar. Biol. and Ecol., 2001, vol. 261,issue 1, pp. 31–54.