Fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer: open issues
Tóm tắt
Data from seven case–control and—mainly—three randomized clinical trials consistently indicate that biennial fecal occult blood screening (FOBT) can reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality by ∼20% after 10–18 years. The reduction may be greater in compliant subjects. In the long-term, incidence also appears to be reduced. There are suggestions that the effect of annual screening may be greater, although data are inadequate to quantify the potential advantages of annual versus biennial screening. The issue of the effectiveness of FOBT in the general population and, more important, of comparative cost-effectiveness with other possible screening tests for CRC, however, remain open to discussion.
Từ khóa
#colorectal cancer #fecal occult blood tests #screeningTài liệu tham khảo
Levi F, Lucchini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. The decline in cancer mortality in the European Union, 1988–96. Eur J Cancer 2000;36:1965-1968.
Wahrendorf J, Robra BP, Wiebelt H, et al. Effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening: results from a population-based case–control evaluation in Saarland, Germany. Eur J Cancer Prev 1993;2:221-227.
Selby JV, Friedman GD, Quesenberry CP, Weiss NS. Effect of fecal occult blood testing on mortality from colorectal cancer. A case–control study. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:1-6.
Lazovich D, Weiss NS, Stevens NG, et al. A case–control study to evaluate efficacy of screening for faecal occult blood. J Med Screen 1995;2:84-89.
Saito H, Soma Y, Koeda J, et al. Reduction in risk of mortality from colorectal cancer by fecal occult blood screening with immunochemical hemagglutination test. A case–control study. Int J Cancer 1995;61:465-469.
Zappa M, Castiglione G, Grazzini G, et al. Effect of faecal occult blood testing on colorectal mortality: results of a population-based case–control study in the district of Florence. Italy. Int J Cancer 1997;73:208-210.
Faivre J, Tazi MA, El Mrini T, et al. Faecal occult blood screening and reduction of colorectal cancer mortality: a case–control study. Br J Cancer 1999;79:680-683.
Bertario L, Russo A, Crosignani P, et al. Reducing colorectal cancer mortality by repeated faecal occult blood test: a nested case–control study. Eur J Cancer 1999;35:973-977.
La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, Decarli A, et al. “Pap” smear and the risk of cervical neoplasia: quantitative estimates from a case–control study. Lancet 1984;2:779-782.
Hosek RS, Flanders WD, Sasco AJ. Bias in case–control studies of screening effectiveness. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:193-201.
Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain JO, Robinson MHE, et al. Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer. Lancet 1996;348:1472-1477.
Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J, et al. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test. Lancet 1996;348:1467-1471.
Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, et al. Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1365-1371.
Mandel JS, Church TR, Ederer F, Bond JH. Colorectal cancer mortality: effectiveness of biennial screening for fecal occult blood. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:434-437.
Mandel JS, Church TR, Bond JH, et al. The effect of fecal occult-blood screening on the incidence of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1603-1607.
Winawer SJ, Flehinger BJ, Schottenfeld D, Miller DG. Screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood testing and sigmoidoscopy. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1311-1318.
Kewenter J, Brevinge H, Engaras B, et al. Results of screening, rescreening, and follow-up in a prospective randomized study for detection of colorectal cancer by fecal occult blood testing. Results for 68,308 subjects. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:468-473.
Faivre J, Arveux P, Milan C, et al. Participation in mass screening for colorectal cancer.results of screening and rescreening from the Burgundy study. Eur J Cancer Prev 1991;1:49-55.
Towler B, Irwig L, Glasziou P, et al. A systematic review of the effects of screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test, hemoccult. BMJ 1998;317:559-565.
Zappa M, Castiglione G, Paci E, et al. Measuring interval cancers in population-based screening using different assays of fecal occult blood testing: the District of Florence experience. Int J Cancer 2001;92:151-154.
Church TR, Ederer F, Mandel JS. Fecal occult blood screening in the Minnesota Study: sensitivity of the screening test. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89:1440-1448.
Nakama H. A study on the efficacy of a screening program for colorectal cancer in a small Japanese village. Clin Invest 1994;72:117-121.
Cuzick J. Screening for cancer: future potential. Eur J Cancer 1999;35:1925-1932.
Cuzick J. Once-only sigmoidoscopy. Ann Oncol 1999;10(Suppl 6):65-69.
Lieberman DA, Weiss DG, Bond JH, et al. Use of colonoscopy to screen asymptomatic adults for colorectal cancer. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group 380. N Engl J Med 2000;343:162-168.
Frazier AL, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS, Kuntz KM. Cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer in the general population. JAMA 2000;284:1954-1961.
Sonnenberg A, Delcò F, Inadomi JM. Cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy in screening for colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:573-584.
Delcò F, Sonnenberg A. Limitations of the faecal occult blood test in screening for colorectal cancer. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31:119-126.
Kronborg O. Screening for colorectal neoplasia. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31:127-129.
Bond JH. Improving the effectiveness of fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:1602-1603.