Thành phần vi khuẩn phân của loài cá heo châu Á không vây Yangtze đang bị nguy cấp sống trong điều kiện nuôi nhốt và bán tự nhiên

Xiaoling Wan1,2, Rui Ruan1,2, Richard William McLaughlin3,1, Yujiang Hao1, Jinsong Zheng1, Ding Wang1
1The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3Biology Department, Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, Winona, USA

Tóm tắt

Vi sinh vật đường ruột là rất quan trọng đối với sức khỏe và sinh lý của động vật chủ. Chúng tôi đã tiến hành nghiên cứu vi sinh học đầu tiên về thành phần vi khuẩn trong phân của loài cá heo châu Á không vây Yangtze (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; YFP) đang gặp nguy cơ tuyệt chủng nghiêm trọng (CR) sống trong điều kiện nuôi nhốt và bán tự nhiên, sử dụng cả phương pháp giải trình tự cao thông lượng và phương pháp thư viện gen 16S rRNA. Theo khảo sát bằng cách giải trình tự cao thông lượng các vùng V3–V4 của gen 16S rRNA, các mẫu bán tự nhiên có 30 và 36 đơn vị phân loại hoạt động (OTUs), nhiều hơn so với 22 và 27 OTUs được phát hiện từ các YFP sống trong điều kiện nuôi nhốt. Ở các YFP sống trong môi trường nuôi nhốt, phylum chiếm ưu thế là Firmicutes, trong khi đó ở các YFP sống trong điều kiện bán tự nhiên, phylum chiếm ưu thế là Proteobacteria. Điều này gợi ý về sự khác biệt thành phần vi khuẩn phân tùy thuộc vào môi trường sống của YFP. Plesiomonas spp. và Aeromonas spp., những vi khuẩn có khả năng gây bệnh, đã được xác định trong tất cả các mẫu phân. Sự đa dạng vi khuẩn từ một con cá heo sống trong điều kiện nuôi nhốt cũng đã được xác định bằng cách xây dựng thư viện gen 16S rRNA và chỉ có 1 phylum được phát hiện. Phương pháp giải trình tự cao thông lượng cho thấy hiệu quả hơn trong việc xác định sự đa dạng vi khuẩn so với thư viện gen 16S rRNA. Nghiên cứu này cung cấp thông tin quan trọng cho việc quản lý và bảo tồn các YFP CR.

Từ khóa

#vi sinh vật đường ruột #thành phần vi khuẩn phân #cá heo châu Á không vây Yangtze #bảo tồn động vật #vi khuẩn gây bệnh

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