Features of Functioning of Constructed Wetlands in Arid Regions
Tóm tắt
This article discusses features of wastewater treatment in arid regions with constructed wetlands (CWs)—shallow artificial streams planted with higher aquatic vegetation. It is known that the efficiency of arid CWs at elevated temperature is higher with respect to some parameters than that of similar treatment systems in other climatic zones. However, arid CWs have a number of features that have not yet been covered in the scientific literature. This article considers arid CWs from two perspectives: in terms of the water balance and heat balance of the system. It is shown that evapotranspiration becomes the main input component of the water balance of constructed wetlands under arid conditions; in some cases, its proportion is up to 70% of total water loss in CWs. At the same time, evapotranspiration is the main mechanism for cooling arid CWs. In conclusion, recommendations are given for the design of constructed wetlands in areas with a hot, dry climate. They are primarily aimed at the use of subsurface constructed wetlands with vertical flow and artificial aeration, planting with minimum transpiration rates and the use of submerged macrophytes, tree planting around CWs for shading and wind speed reduction, etc.
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