Fear of Crime Revisited: Examining the Direct and Indirect Effects of Disorder, Risk Perception, and Social Capital

American Journal of Criminal Justice - Tập 36 Số 2 - Trang 120-137 - 2011
Randy R. Gainey1, Mariel Alper2, Allison T. Chappell1
1Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
2Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Akers RL, La Greca AJ, Sellers C, Cochran J (1987) Fear of crime and victimization among the elderly in different types of communities. Criminology 25:487–505

Baron RM, Kenny DA (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction. J Pers Soc Psychol 51:1173–1182

Box S, Hale C, Andrews G (1988) Explaining fear of crime. Br J Criminol 28(3):340–356

Bursik RJ, Grasmick HG (1993) Neighborhoods and crime: the deminsions of effective community control. Macmillan, New York

Byrne BM (2010) Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications and programming. Routledge, New York

Cancino JM (2005) The utility of social capital and collective efficacy: social control policy in nonmetropolitan settings. Crim Justice Policy Rev 16:287–318

Castle EN (2002) Social capital: an interdisciplinary concept. Rural Sociol 67:331–349

Chiricos T, Padgett K, Gertz M (2000) Fear, TV news, and the reality of crime. Criminology 38:755–785

Coleman JS (1988) Social capital in the creation of human capital. Am J Sociol 94S:S95–S120

Covington J, Taylor RB (1991) Fear of crime in urban residential neighborhoods: implications of between- and within- neighborhood sources for current models. Sociol Q 32:231–249

DeLone GJ (2008) Public housing and the fear of crime. J Crim Justice 36:115–125

Doran BJ, Lees BG (2005) Investigating the spatiotemporal links between disorder, crime, and the fear of crime. Prof Geogr 57:1–12

Ferguson KM, Mindel CH (2007) Modeling fear of crime in Dallas neighborhoods: a test of social capital theory. Crime Delinquency 53:322–349

Ferraro KF (1995) Fear of crime: interpreting victimization risk. State University of New York Press, Albany

Ferraro KF, LaGrange R (1987) The measurement of fear of crime. Sociol Inq 57:70–101

Franklin TW, Franklin CA, Fearn NE (2008) A multilevel analysis of the vulnerability, disorder, and social integration models of fear of crime. Soc Justice Res 21:204–227

Garofalo J, Laub J (1979) Fear of crime: broadening our perspectives. Victimology 3(3–4):242–253

Gibson CL, Zhao J, Lovrich NP, Gaffney MJ (2002) Social integration, individual perceptions of collective efficacy, and fear of crime in three cities. Justice Q 19:537–564

Hale C (1996) Fear of crime: a review of the literature. Int Rev Victimology 4(2):79–150

Hindelang MJ, Gottfredson M, Garofalo J (1978) Victime of personal crime: an empirical foundation for a theory of personal victimization. Ballinger, Cambridge

Hinkle JC, Weisburd D (2008) The irony of broken windows policing: a micro-place study of the relationship between disorder, focused police crackdowns and fear of crime. J Crim Justice 36:503–512

Hope T, Hough M (1988) Community approaches to reducing crime. In: Hope T, Shaw M (eds) Communities and crime reduction. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London, pp 1–29

Hunter A (1978) Symbols of incivility: Social disorder and fear of crime in urban neighborhoods. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology. Dallas

Hunter A, Baumer TL (1982) Street traffic, social integration, and fear of crime. Sociol Inq 52:122–131

Kanan JW, Pruitt MV (2002) Modeling fear of crime and perceived victimization risk: the (in)significance of neighborhood integration. Sociol Inq 74(4):527–548

Katz CM, Webb VJ, Armstrong TA (2003) Fear of gangs: a test of alternative theoretical models. Justice Q 20:95–130

Keeter S, Miller C, Kohut A, Groves RM, Presser S (2000) Consequences of reducing nonresponse in a national telephone survey. Public Opin Q 64:125–148

Kennedy LW, Silverman RA (1985) Perceptions of social diversity and fear of crime. Environ Behav 17:275–295

LaGrange RL, Ferraro KF (1989) Assessing age and gender differences in perceived risk and fear of crime. Criminology 27:697–720

LaGrange RL, Ferraro K, Supancic M (1992) Perceived risk and fear of crime. J Res Crime Delinquency 29:311–334

Liska AE, Sanchirico A, Reed MD (1988) Fear of crime and constrained behavior: specifying and estimating a reciprocal effects model. Soc Forces 66:827–837

Markowitz FE, Bellair PE, Liska AE, Liu J (2001) Extending social disorganization theory: modeling the relationships between cohesion, disorder, and fear. Criminology 39:293–320

McGarrell EF, Giacomazzi AL, Thurman QC (1997) Neighborhood disorder, integration, and the fear of crime. Justice Q 14:479–500

McNulty TL, Bellair PE (2003) Explaining racial and ethnic differences in adolescent violence: structural disadvantage, family well being, and social capital. Justice Q 20:1–31

Melde C (2009) Lifestyle, rational choice, and adolescent fear: a test of a risk-assessment framework. Criminology 47:781–812

Mesch GS (2000) Perceptions of risk, lifestyle activities, and fear of crime. Deviant Behav 21:47–62

Moore MH, Trojanwicz RC (1988) Policing and the fear of crime. National Institute of Justice, Washington

Moore SC, Shepherd J (2007) Gender specific emotional responses to anticipated crime. Int Rev Victimology 14(3):337–351

Perkins DD, Taylor RB (1996) Ecological assessments of community disorder: their relationship to fear of crime and theoretical implications. Am J Community Psychol 24:63–107

Putnam RD (1993) The prosperous community: social capital and public life. Am Prospect 13:335–42

Putnam RD (1995) Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. J Democracy 6(1):65–78

Reid LW, Konrad M (2004) The gender gap in fear: assessing the interactive effects of gender and perceived risk on fear of crime. Sociol Spectr 24:399–425

Renauer BC (2007) Reducing fear of crime: citizen, police, or government responsibility? Police Q 10:41–62

Robinson JB, Lawton BA, Taylor RB, Perkins DD (2003) Multilevel longitudinal impacts of incivilities: fear of crime, expected safety, and block satisfaction. J Quant Criminol 19:237–274

Ross CE, Jang SJ (2000) Neighborhood disorder, fear, and mistrust: the buffering role of social ties with neighbors. Am J Community Psychol 28:401–420

Rountree PW (1998) A reexamination of the crime-fear linkage. J Reasearch Crime Delinquency 35:341–372

Rountree PW, Land KC (1996) Perceived risk versus fear of crime: empirical evidence of conceptually distinct reactions in survey data. Soc Forces 74:1353–1376

Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW, Earls F (1997) Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science 277:918–924

Sampson RJ, Morenoff JD, Gannon-Rowley T (2002) Assessing “neighborhood effects”: social processes and new directions in research. Annu Rev Sociol 28:443–478

Schafer JA, Huebner BM, Bynum TS (2006) Fear of crime and criminal victimization: gender-based contrasts. J Crim Justice 34:285–301

Scheider MC, Rowell T, Bezdikian V (2003) The impact of citizen perceptions of community policing on fear of crime: findings from twelve cities. Police Q 6:363–386

Snedker KA (2006) Altruistic and vicarious fear of crime: fear for others and gendered social roles. Sociol Forum 21:163–195

Sharp JS (2001) Place, social structure, and culture: a review essay on community. Rural Sociol 66:137–142

Shaw C, McKay H (1942) Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Skogan WG (1986) Fear of crime and neighborhood change. Crime Justice 8:203–229

Skogan WG (1987) The impact of victimization on fear. Crime Delinquency 33:135–154

Taylor RB, Hale M (1986) Testing alternative models of fear of crime. J Crim Law Criminol 77:151–189

Taylor RB, Gottfredson SD, Sidney B (1984) Block crime and fear: defensible space, local social ties, and territorial functioning. J Res Crime Delinquency 21:303–331

U.S. Bureau of the Census (2000) County and city data book: 2000. U.S, Government Printing Office, Washington

Warr M (1984) Fear of victimization: why are women and the elderly more afraid? Soc Sci Q 65:681–702

Warr M (1987) Fear of victimization and sensitivity to risk. J Quant Criminol 3:29–46

Warr M, Stafford MC (1983) Fear of victimization: a look at the proximate causes. Soc Forces 61:1033–1043

Wilson JQ, Kelling G (1982) The police and neighborhood safety: broken windows. Atlantic 127:29–38

Wyant BR (2008) Multilevel impacts of perceived incivilities and perceptions of crime risk on fear of crime: isolating endogenous impacts. J Res Crime Delinquency 45:39–64