Kua EHJ, Wong CH, Ng SW, Tan KC (2011) The island pedicled anterolateral thigh (pALT) flap via the lateral subcutaneous tunnel for recurrent ischial ulcers. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 64(1):e21–e23
Chiu YJ, Liao WC, Wang TH et al (2017) A retrospective study: multivariate logistic regression analysis of the outcomes after pressure sores reconstruction with fasciocutaneous, myocutaneous, and perforator flaps. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 70(8):1038–1043
Ichioka S, Okabe K, Tsuji S, Ohura N, Nakatsuka T (2004) Triple coverage of ischial ulcers with adipofascial turnover and fasciocutaneous flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 114(4):901–905
Thiessen FE, Andrades P, Blondeel PN et al (2011) Flap surgery for pressure sores: should the underlying muscle be transferred or not? J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 64(1):84–90
Iida N, Watanabe A (2015) Usefulness of simple-designed bilobed flap for reconstruction of ischial decubitus ulcer. Plast Reconstr surgery Glob open. 3(9):e525
Djedovic G, Morandi EM, Metzler J et al (2017) The posterior thigh flap for defect coverage of ischial pressure sores—a critical single-centre analysis. Int Wound J. 14(6):1154–1159
Homma KI, Murakami G, Fujioka H et al (2001) Treatment of ischial pressure ulcers with a posteromedial thigh fasciocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200112000-00023
Lee JT, Cheng LF, Lin CM, Wang CH, Huang CC, Chien SH (2007) A new technique of transferring island pedicled anterolateral thigh and vastus lateralis myocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of recurrent ischial pressure sores. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 60(9):1060–1066
Acartürk TO (2009) Treatment of large ischial ulcers communicating with the hip joint with proximal femoral resection and reconstruction with a combined vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and rectus femoris musculocutaneous flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 62(11):1497–1502
Simón E, Pérez-García A, Lorca-García C, Safont J (2013) Sensate vastus lateralis muscle flap for reconstruction of complex ischial sore. Microsurgery. 33(2):164–165
Lin H, Hou C, Xu Z, Chen A (2010) Treatment of ischial pressure sores with double adipofascial turnover flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 64(1):59–61
Kim CM, Yun IS, Lee DW, Lew DH, Rah DK, Lee WJ (2014) Treatment of ischial pressure sores with both profunda femoris artery perforator flaps and muscle flaps. Arch Plast Surg. 41(4):387–393
Lee S-S, Huang S-H, Chen M-C, Chang K-P, Lai C-S, Lin S-D (2009) Management of recurrent ischial pressure sore with gracilis muscle flap and V-Y profunda femoris artery perforator-based flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 62(10):1339–1346
Borgognone A, Anniboletti T, De Vita F, Schirosi M, Palombo P (2010) Ischiatic pressure sores: our experience in coupling a split-muscle flap and a fasciocutaneous flap in a ‘criss-cross’ way. Spinal Cord. 48(10):770–773
Demirseren ME, Ceran C, Aksam B, Demiralp CO (2016) Clinical experience with the combination of a biceps femoris muscle turnover flap and a posterior thigh fasciocutaneous hatchet flap for the reconstruction of ischial pressure ulcers. Ann Plast Surg. 77(1):93–96
He J, Xu H, Wang T, Ma S, Dong J (2012) Treatment of complex ischial pressure sores with free partial lateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps in paraplegic patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 65(5):634–639
Hallock GG (2006) The propeller flap version of the adductor muscle perforator flap for coverage of ischial or trochanteric pressure sores. Ann Plast Surg. 56(5):540–542
Higgins JPR, Orlando GS, Blondeel PN (2002) Ischial pressure sore reconstruction using an inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) flap;(1):83–85. https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0007122601937130/1-s2.0-S0007122601937130-main.pdf?_tid=2436e4b2-0074-11e8-b6de-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1516736126_0dc7a3c3e53a1ab5dfd50f4ba6327002. Accessed January 23, 2018.
Kelahmetoglu O, Van Landuyt K, Yagmur C et al (2017) A simple concept for covering pressure sores: wound edge-based propeller perforator flap. Int Wound J. 14(6):1183–1188
Meltem Ç, Esra Ç, Hasan F, Ali D (2004) The gluteal perforator-based flap in repair of pressure sores. Br J Plast Surg. 57(4):342–347
Zafer G, Zekeriya K, Zafer O (2008) Long-term outcome with the adductor perforator flap for ischial pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg 122(1). https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31817746ea
Kim YS, Lew DH, Roh TS, Yoo WM, Lee WJ, Tark KC (2009) Inferior gluteal artery perforator flap: a viable alternative for ischial pressure sores. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 62(10):1347–1354
Unal C, Ozdemir J, Yirmibesoglu O, Yucel E, Agir H (2012) Use of inferior gluteal artery and posterior thigh perforators in management of ischial pressure sores with limited donor sites for flap coverage. Ann Plast Surg. 69(1):67–72
Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2010) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg. 8(5):336–341
Bertheuil N, Aillet S, Heusse J-L, Tawfik M, Campillo-Gimenez B, Watier E (2014) Ischial pressure ulcers. Ann Plast Surg. 73(6):686–691
Ahluwalia R, Martin D, Mahoney JL (2010) The operative treatment of pressure wounds: a 10-year experience in flap selection. Int Wound J. 7(2):103–106
Angrigiani C, Grilli D, Siebert J, Thome C (1995) A new musculocutaneous island flap from the distal thigh for recurrent ischial and perineal pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 96(4):935–940
Cope C, Barry P, Hassall M, Barnett R, Richards M, Vandervord J (1995) V-Y Advancement hamstring myocutaneous island flap repair of ischial pressure ulcers. Aust N Z J Surg. 65(6):412–416
Lin H, Hou C, Chen A, Xu Z (2010) Treatment of ischial pressure sores using a modified gracilis myofasciocutaneous flap. J Reconstr Microsurg. 26(3):153–157
Mostafa W (2012) Inferior gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of ischial bed sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 36(2):201–208 http://www.esprs.org/Content/Journals/362_15.pdf. Accessed January 23, 2018
Rajacic N, Gang RK, Dashti H, Behbehani A (1994) Treatment of ischial pressure sores with an inferior gluteus maximus musculocutaneous island flap: an analysis of 31 flaps. Br J Plast Surg. 47(6):431–434
Foster RDD, Anthony JPP, Mathes SJJ, Hoffman WYY (1997) Ischial pressure sore coverage: a rationale for flap selection. 50(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1226(97)90548-8
Daniel RK, Faibisoff B (1982) Muscle coverage of pressure points—the role of myocutaneous flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 8(6):446–452 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7051942. Accessed August 25, 2018
Sameem M, Au M, Wood T, Farrokhyar F, Mahoney J (2012) A systematic review of complication and recurrence rates of musculocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, and perforator-based flaps for treatment of pressure sores. Plast Reconstr Surg. 130(1):67–77
Kuo P, Chew K, Kuo Y, Lin P (2014) Comparison of outcomes of pressure sore reconstructions among perforator flaps, perforator-based rotation fasciocutaneous flaps, and musculocutaneous flaps. Microsurgery 34(3), 547–553https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/micr.22257. Accessed August 25, 2018
Santanelli Di Pompeo F, Longo B, Pagnoni M, Laporta R (2015) Sensate anterolateral thigh perforator flap for ischiatic sores reconstruction in meningomyelocele patients. Microsurgery. 35(4):279–283