Fairness and Health Care Decision Making: Testing the Group Value Model of Procedural Justice
Tóm tắt
Considerable research has supported the notion that procedural justice is important to individuals independent of outcome considerations. Tyler and his associates (Lind and Tyler, 1988; Lind and Earley, 1992; Tyler, 1989) proposed that this is so because procedural justice serves a group value function. In the present research, we explored aspects of this group value formulation in a real life health care context. Specifically, we assessed the relationship between individuals' appraisals of procedural justice following health care treatment decisions as well as (i) expectations for different consequences to self; (ii) estimates of how they were viewed by the health care authorities; (iii) attributions about the reasons for their treatment; and (iv) ratings of emotional reactions. Results confirmed many components of the relational, group value model of procedural justice (Lind and Tyler, 1988; Lind and Earley, 1992; Tyler, 1989). Specifically, respondents who felt that they had been treated fairly expected that their status and their relationship with the health care decision maker and others in their health care group would improve; perceived that the health care decision maker would rate them positively on a variety of personality dimensions; felt that the health care decision maker's interactions with them revealed quite a lot about the decision-maker's personality characteristics; and indicated increased levels of pride and pleasure as well as lower levels of anger as a result of their treatment. Results were discussed from several frameworks including Markus and Kitayama's (1991) concept of the independent and the interdependent self.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Berman, J., and Murphy-Berman, V. (1996). Cultural differences in perceptions of allocators of resources. J Cross-cult. Psychol. 27: 494-509.
Fondacaro, M., Dunkle, M., and Pathak, M. (1998). Procedural justice in resolving family disputes: An analysis of individual and family functioning in late adolescence. J. Youth Adoles. 27: 101-109.
Fondacaro, M., and Heller, K. (1990). Attributional style in aggressive adolescent boys. J. Abnormal Child Psychol. 18: 75-89.
Leung, K., and Morris, M. (1996). Justice through the lens of culture and ethnicity. In Sauders, J., and Hamilton, V.L. (eds.), Handbook of Law and Social Science, Plenum, New York.
Lind, E. A., and Earley, P. C. (1992). Procedural justice and culture. Int'l J. Psychol. 27: 227-242.
Lind, E. A., and Tyler, T. R. (1988). The social psychology of procedural justice. Plenum Press, New York.
Markus, H. R., and Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion and maturation. Psychol. Bull. 98: 224-253.
McCrae, R. R., and Costa, P. T. (1986). Clinical assessment can benefit from recent advances in personality psychology. Am. Psychologist 41: 1001-1003.
Reis, H. T. (1981). Self-presentation and distributive justice. In Tedeschi, J. T. (ed.), Impression management theory and social psychological research, Academic Press, New York. pp. 269-291.
Reis, H. T. (1987). The nature of the justice motive. In Masters, J. C., and Smith, W. P. (eds.), Social comparison, social justice and relative deprivation, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
Tyler, T. R. (1989). The psychology of procedural justice: A test of the group value model. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 57: 830-838.
Tyler, T. (1994). Psychological models of the justice motive: Antecedents of distributive and procedural justice. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 67: 850-863.
Tyler, T. R., and Beis, R. (1990). Interpersonal aspects of procedural justice. In Carroll, J. S. (ed.), Applied social psychology in business settings, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 77-98.
Tyler, T. R., Boeckmann, R., Smith, H., and Huo, Y. (1997). Social justice in a diverse society, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
Tyler, T., and Degoey, P. (1995). Community, family, and the social good: The psychological dynamics of procedural justice and social identification. In Melton, G. B. (ed.), The individual, the family, and social good: Personal fulfillment in times of change, vol. 42, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 53-91.
Tyler, T., and Lind, E. A. (1992). A relational model of authority in groups. In Zanna, M. P. (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 25, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 115-119.
Weisz, J., Rothbaum, F., and Blackburn, T. (1984). Standing out and standing in: The psychology of control in America and Japan. Am. Psychologist 39: 955-969.