Factors Hindering Forest Management Among Engaged and Detached Private Forest Owners: Slovenian Stakeholders’ Perceptions

2009/28/EC D (2009) Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. Directive 2009/28 EC of the European Parlament and of the council

Adam F, Makarovič M (2001) Tranzicijske spremembe v luči družboslovnih analiz. Teorija in praksa 38(3):373–385

Aguilar FJ (1967) Scanning the business environment. Studies of the modern corporation. Macmillan, New York

Beach RH, Pattanayak SK, Yang J-C, Murray BC, Abt RC (2005) Econometric studies of non-industrial private forest management: a review and synthesis. For Policy Econ 7(3):261–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9341(03)00065-0

Berlin C, Lidestav G, Holm S (2006) Values placed on forest property benefits by Swedish NIPF owners: differenced between members in forest owners associations and non-members. Small Scale For Econ Manag Policy 5(1):83–96

Boon TE, Meilby H (2007) Describing management attitudes to guide forest policy implementation. Small Scale For 6(1):79–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-007-9006-2

Boon TE, Meilby H, Thorsen BJ (2004) An empirically based typology of private forest owners in denmark: improving communication between authorities and owners. Scan J For Res 19(4):45–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/14004080410034056

Butler SM, Butler BJ, Markowski-Lindsay M (2017) Family forest owner characteristics shaped by life cycle, cohort, and period effects. Small Scale For 16(1):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-016-9333-2

Cimperšek M (2016) Lastništvo gozdov v zgodovinski perspektivi in škodljive posledice drobljenja zemljiške posesti. Gozdarski vestnik 74(3):142–152

Côté M-A, Généreux-Tremblay A, Gilbert D, Gélinas N (2017) Comparing the profiles, objectives and behaviours of new and longstanding non-industrial private forest owners in Quebec, Canada. For Policy Econ 78:116–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.01.017

Cunder T (1999) Zaraščanje kmetijskih zemljišč v slovenksem alpskem svetu. Dela 13:165–175

Dayer AA, Allred SB, Stedman RC (2014) Comparative analysis and assessment of forest landowner typologies. Soc Nat Resour 27(11):1200–1212. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2014.933931

Dillman DA (2007) Mail and internet survey: the tailored design method, 2nd edn. Wiley, New Jersey

Dwivedi P, Alavalapati JRR (2009) Stakeholders’ perceptions on forest biomass-based bioenergy development in the southern US. Energy Policy 37(5):1999–2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.02.004

Edwards W, Barron FH (1994) SMARTS and SMARTER: improved simple methods for multiattribute utility measurement. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 60(3):306–325. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1994.1087

Eggers J, Lamas T, Lind T, Ohman K (2014) Factors influencing the choice of management strategy among small-scale private forest owners in sweden. Forests 5(7):1695–1716

Emtage N, Herbohn J, Harrison S (2007) Landholder profiling and typologies for natural resource-management policy and program support: potential and constraints. Environ Manag 40(3):481–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-005-0359-z

Fahey L, King WR, Narayanan VK (1981) Environmental scanning and forecasting in strategic planning—the state of the art. Long Range Plan 14(1):32–39

Feliciano D et al (2017) Understanding private forest owners’ conceptualisation of forest management: evidence from a survey in seven European countries. J Rural Stud 54:162–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.06.016

Ficko A, Bončina A (2013) Probabilistic typology of management decision making in private forest properties. For Policy Econ 27:34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2012.11.001

Gabrovec M, Kladnik D (1997) Some new aspects of land use in Slovenia. Geografski zbornik 37:7–57

Grošelj P, Zadnik Stirn L (2015) The environmental management problem of Pohorje, Slovenia: a new group approach within ANP–SWOT framework. J Environ Manag 161:106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.06.038

Hatcher J (2014) Socioeconomic indicators of family forest owners use of federal income tax provisions. Dissertation, Clemson University

Haugen K, Karlsson S, Westin K (2016) New forest owners: change and continuity in the characteristics of swedish non-industrial private forest owners (NIPF owners) 1990–2010. Small Scale For 15(4):533–550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-016-9338-x

Häyrinen L, Mattila O, Berghäll S, Toppinen A (2015) Forest owners’ socio-demographic characteristics as predictors of customer value: evidence from Finland. Small Scale For 14(1):19–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-014-9271-9

Hogl K, Pregernig M, Weiss G (2005) What is new about new forest owners? A typology of private forest ownership in Austria. Small Scale For Econ Manag Policy 4(3):325–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-005-0020-y

Hrib M, Slezová H, Jarkovská M (2017) To join small-scale forest owners’ associations or not? Motivations and opinions of small-scale forest owners in three selected regions of the Czech Republic. Small Scale For. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-017-9380-3

Hujala T, Kurttila M, Karppinen H (2013) Customer segments among family forest owners: combining ownership objectives and decision-making styles. Small Scale For 12(3):335–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-012-9215-1

Kajanus M, Kangas J, Kurttila M (2004) The use of value focused thinking and the A’WOT hybrid method in tourism management. Tour Manag 25(4):499–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00120-1

Kangas A, Kangas J, Kurttila M (2008) Decision support for forest management. Managing forest ecosystems. Springer, London

Kangas A, Saarinen N, Saarikoski H, Leskinen LA, Hujala T, Tikkanen J (2010) Stakeholder perspectives about proper participation for regional forest programmes in Finland. For Policy Econ 12(3):213–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2009.10.006

Kangas A, Kurttila M, Teppo T, Eyvindson K, Kangas J (2015) Decision support for forest management. Managing forest ecosystems. Springer, New York

Karppinen H (1998) Values and objectives of non-industrial private forest owners in Finland. Silva Fenn 32(1):43–59

Karppinen H, Berghäll S (2015) Forest owners’ stand improvement decisions: applying the theory of planned behavior. For Policy Econ 50:275–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2014.09.009

Kronholm T (2016) How are Swedish forest owners’ associations adapting to the needs of current and future members and their organizations? Small Scale For 15(4):413–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-016-9330-5

Kumer P (2017) The role of socio-geographic factors in managing private small-scale forest estates. Dissertation, University of Ljubljana

Kumer P, Štrumbelj E (2017) Clustering-based typology and analysis of private small-scale forest owners in Slovenia. For Policy Econ 80:116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.03.014

Kurttila M, Hämäläinen K, Kajanus M, Pesonen M (2001) Non-industrial private forest owners’ attitudes towards the operational environment of forestry—a multinominal logit model analysis. For Policy Econ 2(1):13–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9341(00)00036-8

Kuuluvainen J, Karppinen H, Ovaskainen V (1996a) Landowner objectives and non-industrial private timber supply. For Sci 42:300–309

Kuuluvainen J, Karppinen H, Ovaskainen V (1996b) Landowner objectives and nonindustrial private timber supply. For Sci 42(3):300–309

Lawrence A, Dandy N (2014) Private landowners’ approaches to planting and managing forests in the UK: What’s the evidence? Land Use Policy 36:351–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.09.002

Medved M (2000) Gozdnogospodarske posledice posestne sestave slovenskih zasebnih gozdov [Forest management implications of proprietary structure of Slovenian private forests]. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Facutly, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Ljubljana

Ní Dhubháin Á, Cobanova R, Karppinen H, Mizaraite D, Ritter E, Slee B, Wall S (2007) The values and objectives of private forest owners and their influence on forestry behaviour: the implications for entrepreneurship. Small Scale For 6(4):347–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-007-9030-2

Nordlund A, Westin K (2011) Forest values and forest management attitudes among private forest owners in Sweden. Forests 2(1):30–50. https://doi.org/10.3390/f2010030

Norušis M (2008) SPSS 16.0 statistical procedures companion, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

Novais A, Canadas MJ (2010) Understanding the management logic of private forest owners: a new approach. For Policy Econ 12(3):173–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2009.09.010

Petucco C, Abildtrup J (2015) Influence of nonindustrial private forest landowners’ management priorities on the timber harvest decision—a case study in France. J For Econ 21(3):152–166

Pezdevšek Malovrh Š (2010) Influence of institutions and forms of cooperation on private forest management. Dissertation, University of Ljubljana

Pezdevšek Malovrh Š, Zadnik Stirn L, Krč J (2010) Influence of property and ownership conditions on willingness to cooperate. Šumarski list 134(3–4):139–149

Pezdevšek Malovrh Š, Nonić D, Glavonjić P, Nedeljković J, Avdibegović M, Krč J (2015) Private forest owner typologies in Slovenia and Serbia: targeting private forest owner groups for policy implementation. Small Scale For 14(4):423–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-015-9296-8

Pezdevšek Malovrh Š et al (2016) Decision support framework for evaluating the operational environment of forest bioenergy production and use: case of four European countries. J Environ Manag 180:68–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.021

Poje A, Pezdevšek Malovrh Š, Krč J (2016) Factors affecting harvesting intensity in small-scale private forests in Slovenia. Small Scale For 15(1):73–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-015-9309-7

R Core Team RC (2014) R: language and environmental for statistical computing. R foundation for statisitcal computing. http://www.R-project.org . Accessed 27 July 2017

Report of Public Forestry Service of Slovenia about forests for the year 2015 (2016) Zavod za gozdove Slovenije, Ljubljana

Richnau G et al (2013) Multifaceted value profiles of forest owner categories in South Sweden: the River Helge å catchment as a case study. Ambio 42(2):188–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0374-2

Schmithusen F, Hirsch F (2010) Private forest ownership in Europe. Geneva timber and forest study paper 26. UNECE, Geneva

Schraml U (2003) Expectations towards forestry: the influence of personal networks with forest owners. Urban For Urban Gree 1(3):161–170. https://doi.org/10.1078/1618-8667-00016

Serbruyns I, Luyssaert S (2006) Acceptance of sticks, carrots and sermons as policy instruments for directing private forest management. For Policy Econ 9(3):285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2005.06.012

Snyder SA, Kilgore MA (2017) The influence of multiple ownership interests and decision-making networks on the management of family forest lands: evidence from the United States. Small Scale For. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-017-9370-5

Staal Wästerlund D, Kronholm T (2017) Family forest owners’ commitment to service providers and the effect of association membership on loyalty. Small Scale For 16(2):275–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-016-9359-5

Takala T, Hujala T, Tanskanen M, Tikkanen J (2017) Forest owners’ discourses of forests: ideological origins of ownership objectives. J Rural Stud 51:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.01.014

Weiss G, Malschinger A, Bach C, Mannert C, Pavliska O, Riegler E, Sulzbacher L (2006) Bewirtschaftungsdienstleistungen für neue Waldbesitzertypen. BMLFUW, Wien

Weiss G, Pettenella D, Ollonqvist P, Slee B (eds) (2011) Innovation in forestry: territorial and value chain relationships. CABI

Weiss G, Dragoi M, Jarsky V, Mizaraite D, Sarvašova Z, Schiberna E, Gudurić I (2012a) Success cases and good practices in forest owners’ organizations in Eastern European countries. In: Qiang M (ed) FaAOotUN. FAO, Rome

Weiss G, Gudurić I, Wolfslehner B (2012b) Review of forest owners’ organizations in selected Eastern European countries. In: Qiang M (ed) Forest policy and institutional working paper. FAO, Rome

Wiersum KF, Elands BM, Hoogstra M (2005) Small-scale forest ownership across Europe: characteristics and future potential. Small Scale For Econ, Manag Policy 4(1):1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-005-0001-1

Winkler I, Medved M (1994) Spremembe lastninske strukture gozdov zaradi denacionalizacije in njihove gozdnogospodarske posledice. Zbornik gozdarstva in lesarstva 44:215–246

Ziegenspeck S, Härdter U, Schraml U (2004) Lifestyles of private forest owners as an indication of social change. For Policy Econ 6(5):447–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2004.01.004

Živojinović I et al (2015) Forest land ownership change in Europe. COST action FP1201 FACESMAP country reports. European Forest Institute, Vienna