FDI legitimacy and MNC subsidiary control: From legitimation to competition

Aiken, 1991 Allison, 2005 Anderson, 1986, Modes of foreign entry: A transaction cost analysis and propositions, Journal of International Business Studies, 17, 1, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490432 Barnett, 1990, Do larger organizations generate stronger competition?, 78 Bartlett, 1989 Baum, 1995, The changing basis of competition in organizational populations: The Manhattan hotel industry, 1898–1990, Social Forces, 74, 177, 10.1093/sf/74.1.177 Baum, 1991, Institutional linkages and organizational mortality, Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 187, 10.2307/2393353 Beamish, 1998, Japanese firms and the decline of the Japanese expatriate, Journal of World Business, 33, 35, 10.1016/S1090-9516(98)80003-5 Beck, 2008, Organizational ecology as a theory of competition, 202 Beechler, 2004, The transnational challenge: Performance and expatriate presence in the overseas affiliates of Japanese MNCs, vol. 17, 215 Björkman, 2007, Institutional theory and MNC subsidiary HRM practices: Evidence from a three-country study, Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 430, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400267 Black, 1999, The right way to manage expats, Harvard Business Review, 77, 52 Blodgett, 1991, Partner contributions as predictors of equity share in international joint ventures, Journal of International Business Studies, 22, 63, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490292 Boyacigiller, 1990, The role of expatriates in the management of interdependence, complexity and risk in multinational corporations, Journal of International Business Studies, 21, 357, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490825 Brouthers, 2002, Institutional, cultural and transaction cost influences on entry mode choice and performance, Journal of International Business Studies, 33, 203, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491013 Brüderl, 1990, Organizational mortality: The liability of newness and adolescence, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 530, 10.2307/2393316 Carroll, 1985, Concentration and specialization: Dynamics of niche width in populations of organizations, The American Journal of Sociology, 90, 1262, 10.1086/228210 Carroll, 1989, On using institutional theory in studying organizational populations, American Sociological Review, 54, 545, 10.2307/2095877 Carroll, 1995, Resource partitioning Caves, 1982 Chan, 2007, Legitimacy and multi-level institutional environments: Implications for foreign subsidiary ownership structure, Journal of International Business Studies, 38, 621, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400283 Colakoglu, 2008, Cultural distance, expatriate staffing, and subsidiary performance: The case of U.S. subsidiaries of multinational corporations, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, 223, 10.1080/09585190701799804 Davidson, 1985, Key characteristics in the choice of international technology transfer mode, Journal of International Business Studies, 16, 5, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490448 Deephouse, 1996, Does isomorphism legitimate?, Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1024, 10.2307/256722 Delios, 1999, Ownership strategy of Japanese firms: Transactional, institutional, and experience influences, Strategic Management Journal, 20, 915, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199910)20:10<915::AID-SMJ51>3.0.CO;2-0 Delios, 2000, Expatriate staffing in foreign subsidiaries of Japanese multinational corporations in the PRC and the United States, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11, 278, 10.1080/095851900339873 Dhanaraj, 2004, Effect of equity ownership on the survival of international joint ventures, Strategic Management Journal, 25, 295, 10.1002/smj.372 DiMaggio, 1983, The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields, American Sociological Review, 48, 147, 10.2307/2095101 Eden, 2004, Distance matters: Liability of foreignness, institutional distance and ownership strategy, vol. 16, 187 Fagre, 1982, Bargaining power of multinationals and host governments, Journal of International Business Studies, 13, 9, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490547 Forstenlechner, 2011, Gaining legitimacy through hiring local workforce at a premium: The case of MNEs in the United Arab Emirates, Journal of World Business, 46, 455, 10.1016/j.jwb.2010.10.006 Fraser Institute, 2010 Gaur, 2007, Institutional environments, staffing strategies and subsidiary performance, Journal of Management, 33, 611, 10.1177/0149206307302551 Geringer, 1989, Control and performance of international joint ventures, Journal of International Business Studies, 20, 235, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490359 Gomes-Casseres, 1990, Firm ownership preferences and host government restrictions: An integrated approach, Journal of International Business Studies, 21, 1, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490324 Gong, 2003, Subsidiary staffing in multinational enterprises: Agency, resources, and performance, Academy of Management Journal, 46, 728, 10.2307/30040664 Granovetter, 1985, Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness, The American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481, 10.1086/228311 Hair, 1995 Hamel, 1991, Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 83, 10.1002/smj.4250120908 Hannan, 1992 Hannan, 1977, The population ecology of organizations, The American Journal of Sociology, 82, 929, 10.1086/226424 Hannan, 1998, Organizational mortality in European and American automobile industries. Part 1: Revisiting the effects of age and size, European Sociological Review, 14, 279, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018240 Harrigan, 1980, The effect of exit barriers upon strategic flexibility, Strategic Management Journal, 1, 165, 10.1002/smj.4250010206 Harrigan, 1985, Vertical integration and corporate strategy, Academy of Management Journal, 28, 914, 10.2307/256244 Harzing, 2001, Who's in charge? An empirical study of executive staffing practices in foreign subsidiaries, Human Resource Management, 40, 139, 10.1002/hrm.1004 Heritage Foundation, 2006 Hill, 1990, An eclectic theory of the choice of international entry mode, Strategic Management Journal, 11, 117, 10.1002/smj.4250110204 Hillman, 2005, The determinants of MNE subsidiaries’ political strategies: Evidence of institutional duality, Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 322, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400137 Kobrin, 1988, Expatriate reduction and strategic control in American multinational corporations, Human Resource Management, 27, 63, 10.1002/hrm.3930270104 Kogut, 1988, The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode, Journal of International Business Studies, 19, 411, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490394 Konomoto, 2000 Kostova, 1999, Organizational legitimacy under conditions of complexity: The case of the multinational enterprise, Academy of Management Review, 24, 64, 10.5465/amr.1999.1580441 Lambkin, 1988, Order of entry and performance in new markets, Strategic Management Journal, 9, 127, 10.1002/smj.4250090713 Lecraw, 1984, Bargaining power, ownership, and profitability of transnational corporations in developing countries, Journal of International Business Studies, 15, 27, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490469 Li, 2009, Competition, learning, and foreign entry strategy: A macro organization perspective, Vol. 22, 219 Liang, 1986, Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models, Biometrika, 73, 13, 10.1093/biomet/73.1.13 Lindsey, 1998, On the appropriateness of marginal models for repeated measurements in clinical trials, Statistics in Medicine, 17, 447, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980228)17:4<447::AID-SIM752>3.0.CO;2-G Lu, 2002, Intra- and inter-organizational imitative behavior: Institutional influences on Japanese firms’ entry mode choice, Journal of International Business Studies, 33, 19, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491003 Luo, 2001, Determinants of local responsiveness: Perspectives from foreign subsidiaries in an emerging market, Journal of Management, 27, 451, 10.1177/014920630102700404 Luo, 2007, From foreign investors to strategic insiders: Shifting parameters, prescriptions and paradigms for MNCs in China, Journal of World Business, 42, 14, 10.1016/j.jwb.2006.08.009 Martinez, 1999, Efficiency motives and normative forces: Combining transaction costs and institutional logic, Journal of Management, 25, 75, 10.1177/014920639902500104 Meyer, 2004, Perspectives on multinational enterprises in emerging economies, Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 259, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400084 Meyer, 2005, Probing theoretically into Central and Eastern Europe: Transactions, resources, and institutions, Journal of International Business Studies, 36, 600, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400167 Mien, 1999, Foreign direct investment and pattern of trade: Malaysian experience, Economic and Political Weekly, 34, M72 Miller, 2006, Local density and subsidiary performance, Academy of Management Journal, 49, 341, 10.5465/AMJ.2006.20786081 Neuhaus, 1991, A comparison of cluster–specific and population–averaged approaches for analyzing correlated binary data, International Statistical Review, 59, 25, 10.2307/1403572 Nickel, 2004, Relationship between legitimation, competition and organizational death: Current state of the art, International Journal of Management Reviews, 5/6, 43, 10.1111/j.1460-8545.2004.00096.x Peng, 2007, Evolving FDI legitimacy and strategic choice of Japanese subsidiaries in China, Management and Organization Review, 3, 373, 10.1111/j.1740-8784.2007.00079.x Peng, 2011, MNC subsidiary size and expatriate control: Resource dependence and embeddedness / learning perspectives Peterson, 1996, Expatriate management – The differential role of national multinational corporate ownership, International Executive, 38, 543, 10.1002/tie.5060380407 Porter, 1990, The competitive advantage of nations, Harvard Business Review, 68, 73 Pucik, 1999, When performance does not matter: Human resource management in Japanese-owned U.S. affiliates, 169 Rosenzweig, 1994, Influences on human resource management practices in multinational corporations, Journal of International Business Studies, 25, 229, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490199 Scott, 2001 Suchman, 1995, Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches, Academy of Management Review, 20, 571, 10.5465/amr.1995.9508080331 Tan, 2006, Why a multinational firm chooses expatriates: Integrating resource-based, agency and transaction costs perspectives, Journal of Management Studies, 43, 457, 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00598.x Widmier, 2008, Expatriate or local? Predicting Japanese, subsidiary expatriate staffing strategies, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, 1607, 10.1080/09585190802294986 Wilkinson, 2008, The diminishing effect of cultural distance on subsidiary control, Journal of International Management, 14, 93, 10.1016/j.intman.2007.08.003 Williamson, 1975 Winter, 1990, Survival, selection, and inheritance in evolutionary theories of organization, 269 Xu, 2004, The effect of regulative and normative distances on MNE ownership and expatriate strategies, Management International Review, 44, 285 Yiu, 2002, The choice between joint venture and wholly owned subsidiary: An institutional perspective, Organization Science, 13, 667, 10.1287/orsc.13.6.667.494 Zaheer, 1997, The dynamics of the liability of foreignness: A global study of survival in financial services, Strategic Management Journal, 18, 439, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199706)18:6<439::AID-SMJ884>3.0.CO;2-Y Zhao, 2004, Transaction cost determinants and ownership–based entry mode choice: A meta–analytical review, Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 524, 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400106 Zorn, 2001, Generalized estimating equation models for correlated data: A review with applications, American Journal of Political Science, 45, 470, 10.2307/2669353 Zucker, 1989, Combining institutional theory and population ecology: No legitimacy, no history, American Sociological Review, 54, 542, 10.2307/2095876