Walsh, 2008, Guidelines for research on drugged driving, Soc. Study Addict., 103, 1258, 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02277.x
Drummer, 2008, Introduction and Review of Collection Techniques and Applications of Drug Testing of Oral Fluid, Ther. Drug. Monit., 30, 203
Cone, 2007, Interpretation of Oral Fluid Tests for Drugs of Abuse, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1098, 51, 10.1196/annals.1384.037
Drummer, 2006, Drug Testing in Oral Fluid, Clin. Biochem. Rev., 27, 147
Aps, 2005, Review: The physiology of saliva and transfer of drugs into saliva, Forensic Sci. Int., 150, 119, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.10.026
Crouch, 2005, fluid collection: the neglected variable in oral fluid testing, Forensic Sci. Int., 150, 165, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.02.028
Desrosiers, 2019, Oral Fluid Drug Testing: Analytical Approaches, Issues and Interpretation of Results, J. Anal. Toxicol., 43, 415, 10.1093/jat/bkz048
White, 2018
Bosker, 2009, Oral Fluid Testing for Drugs of Abuse, Clin. Chem., 55, 1910, 10.1373/clinchem.2008.108670
Antunes, 2019, Determination of Endogenous Concentrations of Uracil and Dihydrouracil in Dried Saliva Spots by LC-MS/MS: Method Development, Validation, and Clinical Application, Ther. Drug Monit., 41, 383, 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000615
Numako, 2016, Dried Saliva Spot (DSS) as a Convenient and Reliable Sampling for Bioanalysis: An Application for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus, Anal. Chem. 88, 635, 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04059
Caramelo, 2019, Determination of antipsychotic drugs in oral fluid using dried saliva spots by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 411, 6141, 10.1007/s00216-019-02005-8
Carvalho, 2019, Determination of Antiepileptic Drugs Using Dried Saliva Spots, J. Anal. Toxicol. 43, 61, 10.1093/jat/bky064
Abdel-Rehim, 2014, Dried saliva spot as a sampling technique for saliva samples, Biomed. Chromatogr., 28, 875, 10.1002/bmc.3193
Seymour, 2019, Determination of Fentanyl Analog Exposure Using Dried Blood Spots with LC–MS-MS, J. Anal. Toxicol., 43, 266, 10.1093/jat/bky096
Lizot, 2019, Simultaneous determination of cocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene and norcocaine in dried blood spots by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, Forensic Sci. Int., 298, 408, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.026
Simoes, 2018, Dried blood spots combined to an UPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of drugs of abuse in forensic toxicology, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 147, 634, 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.046
M. Moretti, F. Freni, B. Valentini, C. Vignali, A. Groppi, S.D. Visona, A.M.M. Osculati, L. Morini, Determination of Antidepressants and Antipsycothics in Dried Blood Spots (DBSs) Collected from Post-Mortem Samples and Evaluation of the Stability over a Three-Month Period, Molecules. 24 (2019) 1-24. doi: 10.3390/molecules24203636.
Stoykova, 2016, Isolation and Characterization of Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid by a Novel Preconcentration Protocol, Anal. Letters, 49, 2822, 10.1080/00032719.2016.1155594
A.L.B. Jacques, M.S. Kerpel, R.P. Limberger, Development and Validation of a Method Using Dried Oral Fluid Spot to Determine Drugs of Abuse, J. Forensic Sci. 17 (2019) 1-7. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14112.
Ribeiro, 2019, Determination of methadone and EDDP in oral fluid using the dried saliva spots sampling approach and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 411, 2177, 10.1007/s00216-019-01654-z
Hannon, 2013
Ambach, 2019, Quantification of cocaine and cocaine metabolites in dried blood spots from a controlled administration study using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Drug Test. Anal., 11, 709, 10.1002/dta.2537
Cheypyala, 2017, Sensitive screening of abused drugs in dried blood samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ion booster-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A., 1491, 57, 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.037
Resano, 2018, Dried matrix spots and clinical elemental analysis. Current status, difficulties, and opportunities, TrAC Trends Anal. Chem., 99, 75, 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.004
W.H. Hannon, B.L. Therrell Jr, Overview of the history and applications of dried blood samples, in: W Li, MS Lee, (eds.) Dried Blood Spots: Applications and Techniques, 2014, pp. 2-15. doi: 10.1002/9781118890837.
Deglon, 2012, Rapid LC–MS/MS quantification of the major benzodiazepines and their metabolites on dried blood spots using a simple and cost-effective sample pretreatment, Bioanalysis, 4, 1337, 10.4155/bio.12.42
Fritch, 2009, Identification and Quantitation of Amphetamines, Cocaine, Opiates, and Phencyclidine in Oral Fluid by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, J. Anal. Toxicology., 33, 569, 10.1093/jat/33.9.569
Badawi, 2009, Simultaneous Screening and Quantification of 29 Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid by Solid-Phase Extraction and Ultraperformance LC-MS/MS, Clin. Chemistry., 55–11, 2004, 10.1373/clinchem.2008.122341
Y. Zheng, E. Sparve, M. Bergstrõm, A simple validated multi-analyte method for detecting drugs in oral fluid by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), Drug Test Anal. 10 (2018) 1001-1008. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.122341.
Wang, 2010, Determination of 17 illicit drugs in oral fluid using isotope dilution ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with three atmospheric pressure ionizations, J. Chromatography B., 878, 3095, 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.09.014
Tang, 2018, Evaluation of three oral fluid test devices on the screening of multiple drugs of abuse including ketamine, Forensic Sci. Int., 286, 113, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.004
Strickland, 2019, Development and Validation of a Novel All-Inclusive LC-MS-MS Designer Drug Method, J. Anal. Toxicology., 43, 161, 10.1093/jat/bky087
Mei, 2001, Use of Filter Paper for the Collection and Analysis of Human Whole Blood Specimens, J. Nut., 131, 1631S, 10.1093/jn/131.5.1631S
Timmerman, 2011, EBF recommendation on the validation of bioanalytical methods for dried blood spots, Bioanalysis, 14, 1567, 10.4155/bio.11.132
Timmerman, 2013, Update of the EBF recommendation for the use of DBS in regulated bioanalysis integrating the conclusions from the EBF DBS-microsampling consortium, Bioanalysis, 17, 2129, 10.4155/bio.13.173
Food and Drug Administration, United States Government. https://www.fda.gov, 2013 (accessed 29 October 2019).
Newborn Screening Quality Assurance Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Laboratory Quality Assurance and Standardization Programs. https://www.cdc.gov/labstandards/nsqap.html, 2019 (accessed 29 October 2019).
DPX Technologies. http://dpxtechnologies.com/, 2019 (accessed 01 November 2019).
Baselt, 2002
Ramanathan, 2015, Understanding the Physicochemical Properties of Mitragynine, a Principal Alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa, for Preclinical Evaluation, Molecules, 20, 4915, 10.3390/molecules20034915
Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology, Academy Standards Board (ASB) Standard 036, First Edition; 2017.
Matuszewski, 2003, Strategies for the Assessment of Matrix Effect in Quantitative Bioanalytical Methods Based on HPLC-MS/MS, Anal. Chem., 75, 3019, 10.1021/ac020361s
Kyriakou, 2016, Identification and quantification of psychoactive drugs in whole blood using dried blood spot (DBS) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 128, 53, 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.011
Odoardi, 2014, Simplifying sample pretreatment: Application of dried blood spot (DBS) method to blood samples, including postmortem, for UHPLC–MS/MS analysis of drugs of abuse, Forensic Sci. Int., 243, 61, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.015
Ambach, 2014, W, Rapid and simple LC-MS/MS screening of 64 novel psychoactive substances using dried blood spots, Drug Test. Anal., 6, 367, 10.1002/dta.1505
Saussereau, 2012, On-line liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry simultaneous determination of opiates, cocainics and amphetamines in dried blood spots, J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 885–886, 1, 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.035
Moretti, 2018, A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of cocaine and metabolites in blood and in dried blood spots collected from postmortem samples and evaluation of the stability over a 3-month period, Drug Test Anal., 10, 1430, 10.1002/dta.2399
A. Antelo-Dominguez, J.A. Cocho, M.J. Tabernero, A.M. Bermejo, P. Bermejo- Barrero, A. Moreda-Pinero, Simultaneous determination of cocaine and opiates in dried blood spots by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, Talanta. 117 (2013) 235-241. Doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.010.
Zacaria, 2016, Advantages and challenges of dried blood spot analysis by mass spectrometry across the total testing process, EJIFCC, 27, 288
Basiliere, 2018, Identification of five Mitragyna alkaloids in urine using liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 1080, 11, 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.010
Hassan, 2013, V. Vadivelua et al., From Kratom to mitragynine and its derivatives: Physiological and behavioural effects related to use, abuse, and addiction, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 37, 138, 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.012
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: About the U.S. Opioid Epidemic.https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/about-the-epidemic/index.html#us-epidemic, 2019 (accessed 29 October 2019).
Post, 2019, Kratom exposures reported to United States poison control centers: 2011–2017, Clin. Toxicology., 57, 847, 10.1080/15563650.2019.1569236
Olsen, 2019, Notes from the Field: Unintentional Drug Overdose Deaths with Kratom Detected — 27 States, July 2016–December 2017, MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly Rep., 68, 326, 10.15585/mmwr.mm6814a2
Morrison, 1998, Matrix and Modifier Effects in the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Cocaine and Benzoylecgonine from Human Hair, Anal. Chem., 70, 163, 10.1021/ac970465g
Mandatory guidelines for federal workplace drug testing program,Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/05/15/2015-11523/mandatory -guidelines-for-federal-workplace-drug-testing-programs#h-8, 2015 (accessed 29 October 2019).
Brcak, 2018, European guidelines for workplace in oral fluid, Drug Test. Anal., 10, 402, 10.1002/dta.2229
Driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and Medicines in Europe - finding from the DRUID project,European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/743/TDXA12006ENN_402402.pdf, 2012 (accessed 29 October 2019).
Trufelli, 2011, An overview of matrix effects in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Mass Spec Rev., 30, 491, 10.1002/mas.20298